光纤通信技术外文翻译中英对照.doc

Optical Fiber Communication TechnologyOptical fiber communication is the use of optical fiber transmission signals, the transmission of information in order to achieve a means of communication. 光导纤维通信简称光纤通信。 Referred to as optical fiber communication optical fiber communications. 可以把光纤通信看成是以光导纤维为传输媒介的“有线”光通信。 Can be based on optical fiber communication optical fiber as transmission medium for the wired optical communication. 光纤由内芯和包层组成,内芯一般为几十微米或几微米,比一根头发丝还细;外面层称为包层,包层的作用就是保护光纤。 Fiber from the core and cladding of the inner core is generally a few microns or tens of microns, than a human hair; outside layer called the cladding, the role of cladding is to protect the fiber. 实际上光纤通信系统使用的不是单根的光纤,而是许多光纤聚集在一起的组成的光缆。 In fact the use of optical fiber communication system is not a single fiber, but that brings together a number of fiber-optic cable componentsOptical fiber communication is the use of light for the carrier with fiber optics as a transmission medium to spread information from one another means of communication. 1966年英籍华人高锟博士发表了一篇划时代性的论文,他提出利用带有包层材料的石英玻璃光学纤维,能作为通信媒质。 1966, Dr. Gao Kun Chinese British published an epoch-making nature of the papers, he proposed the use of cladding material with a quartz glass optical fibers, as a communications medium. 从此,开创了光纤通信领域的研究工作。 Since then, opened up the field of optical communications research. 1977年美国在芝加哥相距7000米的两电话局之间,首次用多模光纤成功地进行了光纤通信试验。 The United States in 1977 in Chicago, 7000 meters away from the telephone exchange between the two, the first multi-mode fiber with the successful conduct of the test optical fiber communication. 85微米波段的为第一代光纤通信系统。 85-micron-band multi-mode fiber for the first generation of fiber-optic communication systems. 1981年又实现了两电话局间使用1.3微米多模光纤的通信系统,为第二代光纤通信系统。 Also in 1981 a telephone exchange between the two using 1.3-micron multimode fiber communication system, for the second-generation fiber-optic communication systems. 1984年实现了1.3微米单模光纤的通信系统,即第三代光纤通信系统。 In 1984 achieved a 1.3-micron single-mode optical fiber communication system, that is, the third generation optical fiber communication systems. 80年代中后期又实现了1.55微米单模光纤通信系统,即第四代光纤通信系统。 In the late 80s and the realization of the 1.55-micron single-mode optical fiber communication system, that is, fourth-generation fiber-optic communication systems. 用光波分复用提高速率,用光波放大增长传输距离的系统,为第五代光纤通信系统。 Light wavelength division multiplexing to increase rates, with growth in light transmission distance to enlarge the system, for the fifth-generation fiber-optic communication systems. 新系统中,相干光纤通信系统,已达现场实验水平,将得到应用。 New system, coherent optical fiber communication systems, has reached the level of field experiments will be applied. 光孤子通信系统可以获得极高的速率,20世纪末或21世纪初可能达到实用化。 Optical soliton communication systems can be extremely high rate, end of the 20th century or the beginning of the 21st century likely to be practical. 在该系统中加上有可能实现极高速率和极长距离的光纤通信。 In this system together with the fiber amplifier is likely to achieve very high rates and very long-distance optical fiber communicationsOn optical fiber communication technology itself, they should include the following main parts: optical fiber and cable technologies, transmission technology, optical active devices, optical passive device and optical network technology.Optical fiber and cable technologiesFiber-optic technology can be seen from two aspects to illustrate: First, communication systems used in optical fiber; Second, the special fiber. 早期光纤的传输窗口只有3个,即850nm第一窗口、1310nm第二窗口以及1550nm第三窗口。 Early optical transmission window of only three, namely 850nm first window, 1310nm second window and 1550nm third window. 近几年相继开发出第四窗口L波段、第五窗口全波光纤以及S波段窗口。 Have been developed in recent years, the fourth window L band, the fifth window full-wave fiber-optic, and S-band window. 其中特别重要的是无水峰的全波窗口。 Of particular importance was the absolute peak of the full-wave window. 这些窗口开发成功的巨大意义就在于从1280nm到1625nm的广阔的光频范围内,都能实现低损耗、低色散传输,使传输容量几百倍、几千倍甚至上万倍的增长。 Successful development of these windows is of great significance 1280nm to 1625nm from a broad range of the optical frequency, can achieve low loss, low dispersion transmission, transmission capacity to make hundreds of times, thousands or even tens of thousands of times times the growth. 这一技术成果将带来巨大的经济效益。 The outcome of this technology will bring huge economic benefits. 另一方面是特种光纤的开发及其产业化,这是一个相当活跃的领域。 On the other hand is the development of specialty optical fiber and industrialization, this is a very active area.Special fiber-optic concrete are as follows:Active optical fiberMainly refers to this type of fiber mixed rare-earth ions in optical fiber. 如掺铒Er3+、掺钕Nb3+、掺镨Pr3+、掺镱Yb3+、掺铥Tm3+等,以此构成激光活性物质。 Such as erbium-doped Er3 +, neodymium-doped Nb3 +, doped praseodymium Pr3 +, Yb Yb3 +, thulium-doped Tm3 + and so on, to constitute a laser active material. 这是制造光纤光放大器的核心物质。 This is the core of optical amplifier fiber-optic material. 不同掺杂的光纤放大器应用于不同的工作波段,如掺饵光纤放大器EDFA应用于1550nm附近C、L波段;掺镨光纤放大器PDFA主要应用于1310nm波段;掺铥光纤放大器TDFA主要应用于S波段等。 Different doped fiber amplifier used in the work of different bands, such as erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA used in 1550nm near the C, L-band; praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier PDFA is mainly used in 1310nm band; thulium-doped fiber amplifier TDFA, etc. are mainly used in S-band. 这些掺杂光纤放大器与喇曼Raman光纤放大器一起给光纤通信技术带来了革命性的变化。 These doped fiber amplifier and Raman Raman for fiber amplifiers with optical fiber communication technology has brought revolutionary changes. 它的显著作用是:直接放大光信号,延长传输距离;在光纤通信网和有线电视网CATV网中作分配损耗补偿;此外,在波分复用WDM系统中及光孤子通信系统中是不可缺少的关键元器件。 Significant role it is: a direct optical signal amplification to extend the transmission distance; in optical fiber communication network and cable television CATV network in compensation for the distribution of wear and tear; In addition, wavelength division multiplexing WDM systems and optical soliton communication system is an indispensable key components. 正因为有了光纤放大器,才能实现无中继器的百万公里的光孤子传输。 Is because fiber amplifier, repeater can be achieved without the one million kilometers of optical soliton transmission. 也正是有了光纤放大器,不仅能使WDM传输的距离大幅度延长,而且也使得传输的性能最佳化。 It is also with the fiber amplifier, WDM transmission can not only significantly extend the distance, but also makes the best of the performance of transmission.DCF Dispersion Compesation Fiber, DCFConventional G.652 fiber in the 1550nm wavelength dispersion for near 17ps/nm km. 当速率超过2.5Gb/s时,随着传输距离的增加,会导致误码。 When the rate of more than 2.5Gb / s, along with the increase in transmission distance, would lead to error. 若在CATV系统中使用,会使信号失真。 If used in the CATV system will signal distortion. 其主要原因是正色散值的积累引起色散加剧,从而使传输特性变坏。 The main reason is the accumulation of value is caused by dispersion increased dispersion, so that deterioration of transmission characteristics. 为了克服这一问题,必须采用色散值为负的光纤,即将反色散光纤串接入系统中以抵消正色散值,从而控制整个系统的色散大小。 To overcome this problem, we must adopt a value of negative dispersion optical fiber, optical fiber dispersion is about anti-access systems in the series to offset the dispersion value is to control the size of the entire system of dispersion. 这里的反色散光纤就是所谓的色散补偿光纤。 Here is the so-called anti-dispersion optical fiber for dispersion compensation. 在1550nm处,反色散光纤的色散值通常在-50200ps/nmkm。 At 1550nm, the anti-dispersion optical fiber dispersion values are usually in the -50 200ps/nm km. 为了得到如此高的负色散值,必须将其芯径做得很小,相对折射率差做得很大,而这种作法往往又会导致光纤的衰耗增加0.51dB/km。 In order to obtain such a high negative dispersion values, it must be done very small core diameter and relative refractive index has done a lot worse, and this approach will often result in increased fiber attenuation 0.5 1dB/km. 色散补偿光纤是利用基模波导色散来获得高的负色散值,通常将其色散与衰减之比称作质量因数,质量因数当然越大越好。 DCF is the fundamental mode waveguide dispersion using to achieve high dispersion of the negative value, usually to a ratio of dispersion and attenuation, known as quality factor, of course, the better the quality factor. 为了能在整个波段均匀补偿常规单模光纤的色散,最近又开发出一种既补偿色散又能补偿色散斜率的双补偿光纤DDCF。 In order to compensate evenly throughout the band dispersion of conventional single-mode fiber and, more recently, it developed a well dispersion compensation dispersion slope compensation double compensation fiber DDCF. 该光纤的特点是色散斜率之比RDE与常规光纤相同,但符号相反,所以更适合在整个波形内的均衡补偿。 The fiber is characterized by the ratio of dispersion slope RDE and conventional optical fiber, but the opposite sign, so more suitable for the entire balance of the compensation waveform.FBG Fiber GratingOptical fiber grating is the use of photosensitive materials in the UV exposure often referred to as ultra-violet light, write under the Ministry of the fiber core of refractive index changes arising from the cyclical ie, grating and made. 使用的是掺锗光纤,在相位掩膜板的掩蔽下,用紫外光照射在载氢气氛中,使纤芯的折射率产生周期性的变化,然后经退火处理后可长期保存。 Using a germanium-doped optical fiber, phase masks in the masking plate, the use of ultra-violet light in an atmosphere of hydrogen, which have a core of refractive index changes periodically, and then treated by annealing can be stored for a long time. 相位掩膜板实际上为一块特殊设计的光栅,其正负一级衍射光相交形成干涉条纹,这样就在纤芯逐渐产生成光栅。 Phase Mask in fact a specially designed grating, and its positive and negative light intersect to form a diffraction interference fringes, thus resulting in the core gradually into grating. 光栅周期模板周期的二分之一。 Grating period of one-half of the template cycle. 众所周知,光栅本身是一种选频器件,利用光纤光栅可以制作成许多重要的光无源器件及光有源器件。 As we all know, the election itself is a grating frequency devices, the use of fiber gratings can be made into a number of important optical passive device and the optical active devices. 例如:色散补偿器、增益均衡器、光分插复用器、光滤波器、光波复用器、光模或转换器、光脉冲压缩器、光纤传感器以及光纤激光器等。 For example: dispersion compensators, gain equalizers, optical add-drop multiplexer, optical filters, light multiplexer, optical module, or converters, optical pulse compressor, optical fiber sensors and fiber lasersMulti-core single-mode fiber Multi-Coremono-Mode Fiber, MCFMulti-core optical fiber is a common level of outsourcing, including how the root core, and each core has its own in the single-mode optical fiber cladding. 这种光纤的明显优势是成本较低,生产成本较普通的光纤约低50%。 This fiber is the obvious advantage of lower costs, production costs, compared with an ordinary optical fiber about 50%. 此外,这种光纤可以提高成缆的集成密度,同时也可降低施工成本。 In addition, the fiber-optic cable to increase as the integration density, but also can reduce the construction cost. 以上是光纤技术在近几年里所取得的主要成就。 These are the fiber-optic technology in recent years the main achievements. 至于光缆方面的成就,我们认为主要表现在带状光缆的开发成功及批量化生产方面。 As for cables success, we believe that the main cable in the ribbon and the bulk of the development of a successful production. 这种光缆是光纤接入网及局域网中必备的一种光缆。 This cable is a fiber-optic access network and a LAN cable required. 目前光缆的含纤数量达千根以上,有力地保证了接入网的建设。 At present, the number of fiber optic fibers containing up to 1000 more effectively to ensure that the construction of the access network.Optical active devicesActive research and development of optical devices is one of the most active areas, but has been made in previous years due to the brilliant results, so todays activity space has already been greatly reduced. 超晶格结构材料与量子阱器件,目前已完全成熟,而且可以大批量生产,已完全商品化,如多量子阱激光器MQW-LD,MQW-DFBLD。 Superlattice quantum well materials and devices, is now fully mature, but also high-volume production, has been fully commercialized, such as multiple quantum well lasers MQW-LD, MQW-DFBLD.In addition, the current in the following aspects have been significant achievements have been made.Integrated DevicesHere mainly refers to integrated photovoltaic OEIC has begun the commercialization, such as distributed feedback laser DFB-LD and electro-absorption modulator EAMD integrated, that is, DFB-EA, has begun commercialization; other launching device integration, such as the DFB-LD, MQW-LD with the MESFET or HBT or HEMT integration; receiving device is an integrated PIN, metals, semiconductors, metal detectors with MESFET or HEMT or HBT preamplifier of the integrated circuit. 虽然这些集成都已获得成功,但还没有商品化。 Although these have been successfully integrated, but have not yet commercialized.Vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSELDue to ease of integration and high-density applications, vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser subject to extensive attention. 这种结构的器件已在短波长ALGaAs/GaAs方面取得巨大的成功,并开始商品化;在长波长InGaAsF/InP方面的研制工作早已开始进行,目前也有少量商品。 The structure of the device has been in short wavelength ALGaAs / GaAs achieved great success, and began commercialization; in the long-wavelength InGaAsF / InP aspects of the development work has started, is also a small amount of goods. 可以断言,垂直腔面发射激光器将在接入网、局域网中发挥重大作用。 Can assert that vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser in the access network, local area network to play a major role.Narrowband tunable integrated response to photon detectorsDWDM optical network systems because of channel spacing is getting smaller and smaller, even up to 0.1nm. 为此,探测器的响应谱半宽也应基本上达到这个要求。 To this end, the detector half-width of the response spectrum should basically meet this requirement. 恰好窄带探测器有陡锐的响应谱特性,能够满足这一要求。 On the narrow-band detectors have a sharp and steep spectral response characteristics, to meet this requirement. 集FP腔滤波器和光吸收有源层于一体的共振腔增强RCE型探测器能提供一个重要的全面解决方案。 Set FP cavity filter and optical absorption of the active layer in one cavity enhanced RCE detector can provide an important comprehensive solution.Heterogeneous materials based on silicon-based multi-quantum-well devices and integration SiGe / Si MQWThis research is a major hot spot. 众所周知,硅Si、锗Ge是简接带源材料,发光效率很低,不适合作光电子器件,但是Si材料的半导体工艺非常成熟。 As is well known, silicon Si, germanium Ge are indirect with the source material, light-emitting efficiency is low, is not suitable for optoelectronic devices, but the Si semiconductor material is very mature technology. 于是人们设想,利用能带剪裁工程使物质改性,以达到在硅基基础上制作光电子器件及其集成主要是实现光电集成,即OEIC的目的,这方面已取得巨大成就。 So It is envisaged that the use of energy band tailoring the project to make the material modified in order to achieve the basis of the silicon-based optoelectronic devices and integrated production mainly the realization of optoelectronic integration, that is, OEIC The purpose of this area has achieved a great success. 在理论上有众多的创新,在技术上有重大的突破,器件水平日趋完善。 In theory a large number of innovations, a major technical breakthrough, the level of the device even better.Optical passive deviceOptical passive device and optical active devices is also indispensable. 由于光纤接入网及全光网络的发展,导致光无源器件的发展空前地热门。 As the fiber-optic access network and the development of all-optical networks, resulting in the development of optical passive device in an unprecedented way hot. 常规的常用器件已达到一定的产业规模,品种和性能也得到了极大的扩展和改善。 Conventional devices commonly used in industry have reached a certain size, variety and performance has been greatly extended and improved. 所谓光无源器件就是指光能量消耗型器件、其种类繁多、功能各异,在光通信系统及光网络中主要的作用是: 连接光波导或光路; 控制光的传播方向;控制光功率的分配; 控制光波导之间、器件之间和光波导与器件之间的光耦合; 合波与分波; 光信道的上下与交叉连接等。 Optical passive device refers to the so-called energy-based optical devices, and its wide variety of different functions in optical communication systems and optical networks is a major role: connecting optical waveguide or optical path; control of light propagation direction; control of optical power distribution; control between the optical waveguide device and optical waveguide and between the light coupling between devices; combined wave and wave; light of the whole channel cross-connect, etc早期的几种光无源器件已商品化。 Several have been the early commercialization of optical passive device. 其中光纤活动连接器无论在品种和产量方面都已有相当大的规模,不仅满足国内需要,而且有少量出口。 Activities in which fiber-optic connector production in terms of both variety and has a rather large scale, not only to meet domestic demand and exports a small amount. 光分路器功分器、光衰减器和光隔离器已有小批量生产。 Optical splitter power divider, optical attenuator and optical isolator has been small batch production. 随着光纤通信技术的发展,相继又出现了许多光无源器件,如环行器、色散补偿器、增益平衡器、光的上下复用器、光交叉连接器、阵列波导光栅CAWG等等。 With the optical fiber communication technology, there have been a number of optical passive device, such as the circulator, dispersion compensators, gain equalizers, the upper and lower optical multiplexers, optical cross-connector, and so on arrayed waveguide grating CAWG这些都还处于研发阶段或试生产阶段,有的也能提供少量商品。 These are still in the rese