史泰和 过去分词1-2.doc

档案号: 东莞市慧众培训中心 Dongguan popularize Training Center全方位教学辅导教案 学科： 英语 任课教师：吴诚授课时间：2012 年 10 月 26 日 星期六 姓 名史泰和性 别男年 级高二总课时:30第1-2课时 教 学内 容复习基础、检测能力、复习动词过去式重 点难 点如何提高能力、牢固学好过去分词教 学目 标培养阅读能力、写作能力、使用过去分词能力教学过程课前检查与交流作业完成情况：交流与沟通：对英语学习情况进行了解针 对 性 授 课 一 、了解东莞期中试题检测能力 二复习过去分词、 了解过去分词功能tage 3 Language points explaining动词的-ed分词是一种非谓语动词，即传统语法中所说的过去分词(past participle)，兼有动词和形容词、副词的特征与自己的状语一起构成份词短语，在句子中可以充当表语、定语、状语、补语等成份。它只有一般式表示完成和被动的动作，没有完成式，也没有主动语态。规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成，不规则的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。（一）动词的-ed形式的句法功能1、作表语作表语时，说明主语所处的状态，表示情感的动词的ed形式常见有disappointed(失望的)，astonished(惊讶的)，excited(激动的)，interested(感兴趣的)，frightened(害怕的)，moved(感动的)，pleased（高兴的）， puzzled （不解的），satisfied(满足的)，surprised(惊奇的)，touched （感动的），worried（担忧的）等。这类此都有“被怎样了的”意义”表示主语的状态，主语一般是人。 He is gone.他走了。I was not satisfied with the result.我对那个结果感到不满意。2、作定语（1）动词的-ed形式作定语表示被动与完成，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的中心词,是它动作的承受者。作定语的过去分词如果是单个词，一般放在名词的前面。如果是过去分词短语，要放在名词的后面，相当于一个含有被动语态的定语从句。Japan is a developed country.日本是一个发达国家。The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies. (=which were ever found)曾经在英国发掘的最大的一批硬币有大约20万枚银便士。（2）表示情感的动词的ed形式作定语表示情感的动词的ed形式常见有disappointed(失望的)，astonished(惊讶的)，excited(激动的)，interested(感兴趣的)，frightened(害怕的)，moved(感动的)，pleased（高兴的）， puzzled （不解的），satisfied(满足的)，surprised(惊奇的)，touched （感动的），worried（担忧的）等。这类此都有“被怎样了的”意义”表示中心词的状态，中心词一般是人。The excited football fans were singing in loud voices.那些兴奋的球迷在高声唱歌。 The frightened child kept trembling all the time.那个被吓坏的男孩一直在发抖。（3）己完全形容词化动词的ed形式作定语有些动词的ed形式己完全形容词化，作前置定语时，其含义与同形的作后置定语的动词的ed形式不完全相同。Im going to buy some used books tomorrow. 明天我要去买一些旧书。（旧的）The books used are still new now . 用过的书现在仍然很新。（用）3、作宾语补足语动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语时，它前面的宾语就是它的逻辑主语；如果主动句改为被动句，宾语补足语则变成了主语补足语。动词的-ed形式一般在感觉、感官动词和使役、致使役动词后作宾语补足语表示已经完成的被动意义。（1）感觉、感官动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语，这类动词有find，feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，smell，watch等。We found the door locked. 我们发现门锁上了。（宾补）（2）使役、致使役动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语，这类动词有catch, get，have, leave，set，start, keep等。 She had her foot injured in the fall. 她跌倒了，脚受了伤。（3）“have/get sth.+-ed分词作宾补”的不同含义“have/get sth.+-ed分词作宾补”归纳起来有3种不同含义:A.表示让/叫别人(为自己)做某事。 Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong. 布朗太太看到她请人修的洗衣机坏了非常失望。Hes going to have his hair cut.他要去理发。B.表示使完成某事，可以是别人完成，也可以是自己参与完成。如:In that year he had a hundred yuan saved. 那一年他积蓄了100元。C.表示遭遇某事，常指不幸之事。 She had her house damaged in the storm. 她的房屋在暴风雨中毁坏了。4、作状语动词的-ed形式作状语。动词的-ed形式作状语时，用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态，其逻辑主语通常应与句子的主语一致，即句子的主语就是动词的-ed形式这一动作的承受者。在意义上可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、让步等，这时它相当于一个状语从句。它的位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句尾，有时用逗号分开，有时也不用。一般用作时间、原因、条件状语时，这些短语通常位于句子的句首；当用作方式、结果、伴随状语时，通常位于句末。Shot in the leg(=When he was shot in the leg), he continued to fire back with his gun.当他的腿被击中了后，他仍继续还击。Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思，险些撞到他前面汽车上。He turned away disappointed. (=He was disappointed and turned away.)他非常失望地走了。Given another chance(=If I am given another chance), I will do it much better.如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。Born a free man（Though he was born a free man）, he was now in chains.他生来是个自由人，现在却戴上了镣铐。注意：动词的-ed形式作状语时,前面有时可以用一个连词，表示强调或出于表达需要。常用的连词有：when, while, after, before, if, though, whether, unless, as if 等。If followed, he would eat all the food in the house.如果被允许，他会把家里的食物全吃了。When asked why he did it, he said nothing.当问到他为什么做这件事时，他什么也没说。5、动词的-ed形式构成的独立主格结构（1） 名词(代词)+动词的-ed形式构成的独立主格结构这种结构多用来表示行为方式或伴随状况，有时用来表示时间、原因、条件等。这时-ed分词与前面的名词通格或代词主格是被动的逻辑主谓关系。The question settled, the meeting was over. 问题解决后，会议结束了。He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.他满脸是汗跑了进来。His work finished, he prepared to go home.干完活后，他就准备回家。（2） with+宾语+动词的-ed形式独立主格结构 这种结构多用来表示伴随情况。He was lying with his eyes shut. 他躺在那里，眼睛闭着。With his home-work finished ahead of time, he began to use his computer to write his diary.他提前把作业做完了，接着就开始用电脑写日记。（三）动词的-ing形式与动词的-ed形式的区别动词的-ing形式与动词的-ed形式的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上。1、语态上不同：动词的-ing形式（除被动式外）表示主动意思；而及物动词的动词的-ed形式表示被动意义。Who is the girl standing over there? 站在那里的小女孩是谁呀？（主动）What is the language spoken in Australia?澳大利亚讲什么语言？（被动）Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful.从山上望去，这座城市很美。（被动）Seeing from the hill, you will see the city beautiful. 从山上望去，你会看到美丽的城市。（主动）2、时间概念上的不同：动词的-ing形式表示正在进行的动作；而动词的-ed形式表示己经完成的动作。the changing world正在变化的世界 the changed world己经变化了的世界the rising sun冉冉升起的太阳 the risen sun 已经升起的太阳a developing country发展中国家 a developed country发达国家boiling water正在开的水 boiled water己经开了的水四、不定式、动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed形式的区别不定式表示未来的或后于谓语动词的动作；动词的-ing形式表示正在进行的动作或与谓语动作同时进行的动作；动词的-ed形式表示己经完成的动作。Ive been invited to the party to be held next Sunday. 我己经被邀请参加下星期天举行的聚会。He lived in the house facing(which faced)the street. 他住在朝大街的房子里。America is a developed country. 美国是发达国家。The building to be built next week will be a teaching building. 下周开建的楼将用作教学楼。The building being built now will be a teaching building. 正在建的楼将用作教学楼。The building built 10 years ago is being rebuilt now. 十年前间的搂着在改建。Stage 4 Classical examples1._ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. 【北京春考】A.To face B. Having facedC.Faced D. Facing C该题考查非谓语动词的用法。Arnold与face是被动关系，此处faced with a difficult situation作状语，故选C。句意：面对困境，阿诺德决定向老板请教。2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss.【全国】 A. questioning B. having questioned C.questioned D. to be questioned C 该题考查非谓语动词的用法。此处是连词“when+分词”作状语，主语I和question的关系是被动 关 系，故选择C。其实，by my boss这也是一个重要的启示。句意：说起这件事我很惭愧，但在会上老板问我时我撒谎了。3 by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. 【辽宁卷】AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attractedB该题考查非谓语动词的作状语。主语the girl和Attract是被动关系，因此选择过去分词，表示被动与完成。句意：为大自然的美所吸引，这位伦敦姑娘决定在农场上再呆两天。4.Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_. 【重庆卷】A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worryA该题考查非谓语动词的用法。parents和worry是被动关系，故选过去分词。句意：惩罚父母对他们的孩子违法行为的法律令父母们担忧。5. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. 【上海卷】A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded C. having recordedA考查非谓语动词的用法。disc与record是被动关系。过去分词作定语表示过去与被动的含义，动词不定式作定语通常表示将来的含义，因此，A正确。句意：用数码技术录制的光盘在那晚的晚会上听起来很迷人。6.When flint _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.【全国】 A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introducedB该题考查非谓语动词的用法。Introduce是及物动词，flint和introduce关系是被动关系，故选过去分词。句意：燧石投放市场，这种产品很成功。 7._ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. 【北京】 A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. GivenD 该题考查非谓语动词的用法。从四个选项一眼就能看出这是考查非谓语动词作状语的用法，在看一下句 子主语为he，与give的关系是被动关系，故选答案D过去分词作状语，表示被动。题意：如果给他时间， 他会成为一流的羽毛球运动员。 8.Dont use words , expressions, or phrases only to people with specific knowledge.【上海】A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. knownD 考查分词作定语的用法，分词与其修饰的名词形成一种逻辑上的动宾关系，故选用过去分词，D为正确答案。 9. to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. 【上海】A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposedC 考查动名词的用法。句子意思为“皮肤暴露的时间太久，将对皮肤有害。”expose与skin是一种动宾关系，所填入的成分在句中做主语，因此，应选用动名词的被动语态形式。C为正确答案。Stage 5 Consolidation1.-I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going2.Children at the beginning of this century _ a lot and _themselves greatly even without television. A. used to read; enjoy B. used to read; enjoyed C. were used to reading; enjoy D. were used to read; enjoying3.-Shall we go skating or stay at home?-Which _ do yourself? A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather4.-Does your brother intended to study German? -Yes, he intends _.A./ B.to C.so D.that5. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited6. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened7. As soon as she enter the room, she caught sight of the flowers_ by her mother. A.buying B.being bought C.were bought D.bought8.-Good morning. Can I help you? -Id tike to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed9.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard10. Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had_went wrong. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired11He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch_. A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair12. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed by13. The murderer was brought in, with his hand _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied14.-What do you think made Mary so upset? -_he new bicycle. A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing15._is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk课 堂检 测 Stage 6 Homework1.Once your business becomes international, _constantly will be part of your life. A.you fly B.your flight C.flight D.flying2.We enjoy_very much because it is good to our health. A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.to be swimming3.-Let me tell you something about the journalists. -Dont you remember_me the story yesterday? A.told B.telling C.to tell D.to have told4.The library needs_,but it will have to wait until Sunday. A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing5.She looks forward every spring to_the flower-lined garden. A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in6.-What are you going to do this afternoon? -Im thinking of_to visit my aunt. A.go B.going C.having gone D.my going7.-I usually go there by train. -Why not_by boat for a change. A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going8.Do you remember_me at a party last year. A.meet B.to meet C.meeting D.met.9.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president. A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing10.Europen football is palyed in 80 countries, _it the most popular sport in the world. A.making B.makes C.made D.is make课 后作 业11.“Cant you read?”Mary said_to the notice. A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing12. Do you know the boy _under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying13. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C.remained20dotlars D. remaining 20 dollars14. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed15._ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known16. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 17. I can hardly imagine Peter_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 18. How about the two of us_ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking19. Tom insisted _ to to the party. A. on me to come B. on my coming C. me to come D. me coming20. She didn