英语名词知识点复习和练习题

中考英语语法复习第一讲（本讲所述内容前提是一般情况下， 有些词在特殊情况下会有不同的解释）一、 什么是名词？名词是词类的一种，表示人物或事物或地点或者抽象的名称。二、 名词在句子中有什么功能？名词可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。三、 名词的分类普通名词： 抽象名词（状态、品质、感情等抽象事物）：beauty fear joy fun courage 物质名词(材料、属性、固体、液体、气体物质等)：wood meat wine paper ice air water 集合名词：family people(人们) crowd group team 个体名词：dog table man book 专有名词： 人名：Tom Mr. Smith 地名：China England USA Asia 机构：United Nations四、 名词的数1、 可数名词（大部分集合名词、个体名词） 可数名词表示复数概念事可以有复数形式，可以用冠词 a an the 和其他词如some any many 等词修饰2、 不可数名词（抽象名词、物质名词、人名、地名、机构）不可数名词一般没有复数形式，不能用a an the many 等修饰，但是可以用 some any much 等可以修饰不可数名词的一些词修饰。做主语时常用单数。不可数名词可以加介词短语表示数的概念： 如 a glass of water, a piece of paper. 3、 可数名词数的变化1、 一般情况下在词尾加s /s/ /z/如： dogs books 2、 以s x ch sh 结尾的名词加上 es / iz/ 如：boxes, buses, watches, dishes. 3、 以辅音字母+y 结尾把y 改为i 再加es / z/ 如story stories baby babies 4、 以o 结尾的词有生命的加 es , 无生命的加 s /z/: 例如：有生命： tomato- tomatoes potato- potatoes 无生命：photo-photos piano-pianos 5、以f 或者fe 结尾通常把f 或 fe 改为 ves /vz/ 如; knife- knives life- lives leaf- leaves 6、 单复数形式不变：sheep-sheep deer- deer cattle- cattle Chinese Japanese 7、一些不规则变化： Man-men woman women Englishman-Englishmen German Germans Tooth-teeth foot-feet child- children mouse- mice 8、集体名如果强调是个体则谓语动词用复数，如果强调整体谓语动词用作复数： 如 Family- fmilies class- classes 8、集体名词以形式以单数出现，实际为复数概念,谓语动词用复数。如：people police Cattle 五、 名词所有格：（用来表示名词之间的所属关系）一、名词所有格的形式：1、s 或者 一般用于有生命的名词后 ：Toms book my sisiters bags childrens day2、of 一般用于无生命的名词后 ： the name of the book the map of china 3、双重所有格： a fried of my fathers a book of your brothers Tips1：一些表示时间、距离、国家名称的无生命名词也可以用s 构成所有格如：a month s time todays news paper the citys park Tips2: 表示两个人各自拥有的东西或者共同拥有的东西所加的名词所有格不同，试比较：Toms and mikes room (每个人有自己的一间房间)Tom and mikes room （两个人共同拥有一间房间）Tips3: 如果s 后的名词是商店、住宅等地点时，后面的名词常常省略。 At the doctors (在诊所) To my uncles （到我叔叔家）名词专项练习一。单向选择题( ) 1. Have you got _? I want to write a letter. A. any paper B. papers C. any papers D. a paper( ) 2. Have you seen such big _? A. a tomato B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatos( ) 3. They got much _ from those books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories( ) 4. There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples( ) 5. What can I do for you? - Id like two _. A. bottle of orange B. bottle of oranges C. bottles of orange D. bottles of oranges ( ) 6. Several _ are talking under the tree. And their _ are swimming in the lake. A. woman, children B. woman, child C. women, children D. women, child( ) 7. Uncle Wang bought two _ yesterday. A. watchs B. watches C. watch D. watched( ) 8. Tom has made _ with Jim. A. a friend B. friends C. friend D. some friends( ) 9. What can I do for you? Id like two _. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple( ) 10. Let me give you _. A. an advice B. some advice C. advices D. the advice( ) 11. He has spent a great _ of money on his new house. A. deal B. many C. number D. piece( ) 12. I only realized age when I found I had _. A. much great hair B. a little great hair C. a few grey hairs D. some grey hair( ) 13. That farmer has many _ on his farm. A. geees B. goosen C. gooses D. geese( ) 14. When we saw his face, we knew _ was sad. A. some news B. the news C. a news D. news( ) 15. The dentist didnt tell me how many _ I should pay for pulling out the tooth. A. money B. dollars C. funds D. moneies ( ) 16. Before we moved in the new house we bought many _. A. furnitures B. furniture C. pieces of furniture D. equipments( ) 17. His friend lost _ nylon stockings yesterday morning. A. two B. a C. a couple of D. a pair of( ) 18. My family raise a lot of _, including two _. A. cattles, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattle, cows D. cow, cattles( ) 19. All the _ are made of _, not plastics. A. glass, glass B. glasses, glass C. glass, glasses D. glasses, glasses( ) 20. A group of _ are eating _ and_ at the foot of the hill. A. sheep, grass, leaves B. sheeps, grasses, leaves C. sheep, grass, leaf D. sheeps, grass, leaf ( ) 21. About 60 _ of the population in our country _ on farms. A. percent, lives B. percents, lives C. percent, live D. percents, live( ) 22. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, was( ) 23. My fathers _ is grey, but my mother has a few grey _. A. hair, hair B. hairs, hairs C. hairs, hair D. hair, hairs( ) 24. -How many _ does a cow have? - Four. A. stomaches B. stomach C. stomachs D. stomachies ( ) 25. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advice( ) 26. The _ of buildings are covered with lots of _. A. roofs, leaves B. rooves, leafs C. roof, leaf D. roofs, leafs( ) 27. As is known to us all, _ travels much faster than_. A. lights, sounds B. light, sound C. sound, light D. sounds, lights( ) 28. -What would you like, sir? - _. A. Two cups of coffees B. Two coffees C. Two cup of coffee D. Two cups coffee( ) 29. These _ want to be _ when they grow up. A. girl-students, woman doctors B. girl-student, woman doctors C. girls-students, women doctors D. girl-students, women doctors( ) 30. What _! Where did you get them? A. a big fish B. big fish C. a piece of fish D. a piece of big 二。填入所给单词的正确形式。1. I have two . (knife)2. There are many here. (box)3. I received a lot of Christmas . (card)4. There are many on the road. (bus)5. Those are enjoying the sunrise. (travel)6. I have two . (friend)7. A few are drawing on the wall. (boy)8. He has several interesting . (book)9. The are playing football now. (child)10. Yangtze River in one of the longest in China. (river)三。写出下列单词的复数形式。match _foot_ half _ fish _wish _fox_piano _ glass_ cattle _ story_ radio_ party_ life _photo_ leaf _ boy _ box _goose_ mouse_ sheep _ shop _ city_ hero _German_ zoo _ deer _man_ Negro_ 1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no_ were lost. A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young.-OK, how happy they both looked! A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathers C. my mothers and fathers D.my fathers and my mother3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class4. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers5. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs9. After the exam, well have_ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors D. visitors11.- How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of12. -What do you thin