英语被动语态讲解及练习

学生姓名：就读学校：教材版本：总课次：任课教师：敖财芹补习科目：课程分班：上课时间：课题： 英语被动语态讲解及练习 一、什么是被动语态？英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”二、被动语态的结构那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）：Hisbicyclewasstolen.Thebuildinghasbeenbuiltin2000.通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：be+过去分词+(by+动作执行者)三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况：（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：Paperismadefromwood.（纸是由木材生产出来的。）Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.（这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。）Hewaswoundedinthefight.（他在战斗在受伤了。）Electricityisusedtorunmachines.（电是用来开动机器的。）（2）需要强调动作的对象时。例如：Calculatorcantbeusedinthemathsexam.（计算器不能用于数学考试。）Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustntbetakenaway.（阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。）Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.（他在比赛中获得了第一。）（3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.（新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。）四、各种时态的被动语态举例一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：1、一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+动词的过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.ThiscarismadeinChina.2、一般过去式的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.Thestationwasbuiltin1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词Anewfactoryisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.4、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+动词的过去分词Anewfactorywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime.SomebabieswerebeinglookedafterbyMissChenlastyear.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A)will/shall+be+动词的过去分词(B)am/is/are+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.Somenewfactorieswillbebuiltinourcitythisyear.Yourwatchisgoingtobemendedinanhour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1).would/should+be+动词的过去分词(2).was/were+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.Shesaidthatsomenewfactorieswouldbebuiltsooninourcity.Hethoughtthatyourwatchwasgoingtobemendedafteranhour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+动词的过去分词Somenewfactorieshavebeenbuiltinthecitysincelastyear.Yourwatchhasbeenmendedalready.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had+been+动词的过去分词Hesaidthatsomenewfactorieshadbeenbuiltinthecity.Ididntknowthatmywatchhadbeenmended.9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must+be+done例如：Hecannotbefound./Imustbepaidforthis.五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。例1.主动语态：人们说英语。PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.被动语态：英语被说。Englishisspokeninmanycountries.例2.主动语态：我们造这座桥。Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.被动语态：这座桥被建造。Thisbridgewasbuiltlastyear.2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。例1.主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语)XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。YouhasbeeninvitedtoalunchpartybyXiaoWang.例2.主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语)Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.被动语态：杂志(宾语)不准被带走.Thesemagazinesmustnotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.例3.主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章.Hewasgivenamedalforhiswonderfulwork.被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.Amedalwasgiventohimforhiswonderfulwork.六、练习1. Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomorrowsmeeting. (提示)theproblem-be-discuss2. Hasanybodyfedthebirds? (提示)Hasanybody-be-feed3. Peoplewillneverforgettheaccident. (提示)theaccident-willbe-forget4. Theyarerepairingthecarinthegarage. (提示)thecar-bebeing-repair5. Someonemusthaveturnedonthelightwithoutyournotice. (提示)thelight-musthave-be-turnon6. Theyhavefoundwaystomakewastewaterclean.7. Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.8. TheywontholdthemeetinguntilnextFriday.9. Youmaywritethisletterinpencil.10. Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.被动语态复习A熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be及物动词的过去分词（pp）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：amisarepp一般过去时：waswerepp一般将来时：shallwillbepp现在完成时：havehasbeenpp现在进行时：amisarebeingpp过去将来时：shouldwouldbepp含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词bepp例如：Chinese_bythelargestnumberofpeopleAspeak Bisspeaking Cspeaks DisspokenTheboy_togetsupperreadyafterschoolAweretold Bistelling Cwastold DtellsAlotofnewroads_builtinthewestofChinaAmust Bmustbe Chas DhaveB明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。Thetree_bythatboy(break)C熟练转换1将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；谓语动词变为“be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。2被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词一般疑问句。例如：YoumustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonceThebrokenpottery_atonce（同义句）（填mustbethrownaway）Wheredidtheygrowvegetables？（改为被动语态）Where_vegetables_？（填were；grown）D注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：Hetoldusastory（变被动语态）Weweretoldastory（byhim）或：AstorywastoldtousbyhimHermothergaveheranewpen（变被动语态）Anewpen_herbyhermother2短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：Thisdictionarymustnt_fromthelibraryAtakeaway Btakenaway Caretakenaway DbetakenawayShewilltakegoodcareofthechildren（变被动语态）Thechildrenwill_（byher）3含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday（变被动）He_swiminQianlingLakeyesterday4不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe过去分词”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto_inourcityAbebuilding Bbuild Cbebuilt Dbuilt5以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Whohasbrokenthecup？（改为被动语态）Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken？E注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：Thewindowisbroken窗子破了。（系表结构）Thewindowisbrokenbyhim窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，verymuch，somuch，toomuch修饰。试比较：Hewasveryinterestedinscience他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidntknowwhattodo我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）F牢记（相关）句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1becoveredwith被覆盖 2bemadeof由制作（发生物理变化）3.bemadefrom由制作（发生化学变化） 4.bemadein由（某地）制造5.bemadeby被（某人）制造6beusedfor被用来beusedas被当作（作为）来使用beusedtodosth被用来做某事7Itissaidthat据说Itishopedthat希望Itiswellknownthat众所周知例如：YourcoatlooksniceIsit_cotton？YesIts ShanghaiAmadeof；madeby Bmadeof；madein Cmadefor；madeby Dmadefor；madeinThismachineisused_theroomwetAforkeepingBaskeepingCkeepDtokeeping据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。_that_isbeing_overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing被动语态语法专项练习题1()1ThePeoplesRepublicofChina_onOctober1,1949.A.found B.wasfounded C.isfounded D.wasfound()2ThisEnglishsong_bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensings B.oftensang C.isoftensang D.isoftensung()3.Newcomputers_allovertheworld.A.isused B.areusing C.areused D.haveused2()1Ourroommust_clean.A.keep B.bekept C.tobekept D.tokeep()2.Anewhouse_atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuilding B.isbeingbuilt C.beenbuilt D.bebuilding()3.Doctors_ineverypartoftheworld.A.need. B.areneeding. C.areneeded. D.willneed3()1Japanese_ineverycountry.A.isnotspoken B.arespoken C.isspeaking D.isnotspeaking()2Thesepapers _yet.A.havenotwritten B.havenotbeenwritten C.hasnotwritten D.hasnotbeenwritten4()1._thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are()2._thesedesksbeneeded?A.Will B.Are C.Has D.Do5()1Whowasthebook_?A.write B.wrote C.written D.writtenby()2.Where_theseboxesmade?A.was B.were C.is D.am6()1Theflowers _often.A.mustbewater B.mustbewatered C.mustwatered D.mustwater()2Thebooksmay_fortwoweeks.A.bekept B.beborrowed C.keep D.borrow()3Thebrokenbike_herebyMr.Smith.A.canmend B.canmended C.canbemend D.canbemende77()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown_nextmonth.A.isgoingtobebuiltB.willbuiltC.aregoingtobebuiltD.aregoingtobuilt()2Theplay_atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshown B.willshown C.willshow D.isshown8()1Nowthesemagazines_inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekept B.arekeeping C.havebeenkeeping D.havebeenkept()2Thepot_for_hotwater.A.used;keeping B.wasused;keeping C.isused;tokeep D.areused;keep()3Tea_inthesouthofChina.A.grows B.isgrown C.weregrown D.willgrow()4Thebridges_twoyearsago.A.isbuilt B.built C.werebuilt D.wasbuilt()5Wetclothesareoften_upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hang B.hanged C.hanging D.hung()6.Oldpeoplemust_.A.lookafterwell B.belookedwellafter C.lookedwellafter D.belookedafterwell()7Newly-bornbabies _inhospital.A.aretakengoodcare B.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareof D.takegoodcare()8Thesewalls _stone.A.aremadeof B.madeof C.aremadeinto D.madeinto()9.Jane_tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.called B.wasasked C.told D.wassaid()10.Thepapers_tothem.A.wereshown B.show C.shown/ D.haveshown()11.I_fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gave B.wasgiving C.hadgiven D.wasgiven()12.Theteachermadehim_hishomework.A.todo B.do C.did D.done()13.Theboy_streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetoclean B.madeclean C.madetoclean D.wasmadeclean()14.Thesechildren _dance.A.wereseento B.wereseenfor C.wereseen D.sawto()15.Theimportantmeeting_onacoldmorninglastyear.A.washave B.washeld C.held D.had9()1Greatchanges_inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplace B.havetakenplace C.weretakingplace D.hadtakenplace()2Youcantusethecomputer,it_.A.wasbrokendown B.iswrong C.isbad D.hasbrokendown()3Greatchanges _inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappened B.happened C.havebeenhappened D.werehappened10()1Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone_.A.isbroken B.isbreaking C.broke D.broken()2Thestorybooks_bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewritten B.werewritten C.arewriting D.werewriting11()1Theapple _verysweet.A.istasted B.taste C.tastes D.aretasting()2You _morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.see B.watch C.look D.lookat()3Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed _.A.toclean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleaned一、选择题()1._anewlibrary_inourschoollastyear?A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;build D.Did;build()2.Anaccident_onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened B.washappened C.ishappened D.happened()3.Cotton_inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown B.aregrown C.grows D.grow()4.Sofar,themoon_bymanalready.A.isvisited B.willbevisited C.hasbeenvisited D.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.gives()6.Howmanytrees_thisyear?A.areplanted B.willplant C.havebeenplanted D.planted()7.Alotofthings_bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoing B.arebeingdone C.hasbeendone D.willbedone()8.Neitherofthem_inChina.A.ismade B.aremade C.weremade D.made()9.Look!Anicepicture_forourteacher.A.isdrawing B.isbeingdrawn C.hasbeendrawn D.draws()10.Yourshoes_.Youneedanewpair.A.wearout B.wornout C.arewornout D.isworn()11.Thedoctor_foryet.A.isntsent B.hasntbeensent C.wontbesent D.wasntsent()12.-When_thiskindofcomputers_?-Lastyear.A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used()13.TheGreatWall_allovertheworld.A.knows B. knew C.isknown D.wasknown()14.I_insummer.A.born B.wasborn C.havebeenborn D.amborn()15.HesaysthatMr.Zhang_tothefactorynextweek.A.issent B.wouldsend C.wassent D.willbesent()16.Who_thisbook_?A.did;written B.was;writtenby C.did;written D.was;written()17.Mary_showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedto B. wasaskedto C. isasked D. asksto()18.Astory_byGrannyyesterday.A. wastoldus B. wastoldtous C. istoldus D. toldus()19.Themonkeywasseen_offthetree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. tojump()20.Theschoolbag_behindthechair.A. puts B. canbeput C. canbeputted D. canput()21.Olderpeople_well.A. looksafter B. mustbelookedafter C. mustlookafter D. lookedafter()22.Ourteacher_carefully.A. shouldbelistenedto B. shouldbelisten C. belistened D. islistened二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Thework _intwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Silk _inSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsong_bythechildren.4.Youneedntdoitnow.It_byyounow.5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.ANewYearCard_herbymelastweek.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.Metal_formakingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.I_thatforhim.8.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbook_tothelibrary.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?_abridge_herebythemayearago?10.WellputonanEnglishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplay_oninourschool.11.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolorTVsets.ColorTVsets_moreandmorefarmers.12.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.Hiswatch_bymybrother.13.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowersmust_(byus)everyday.14.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_forcuttingthings.15.Hemadethefarmersworkforalongtime.Thefarmers_foralongtime.16.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?_thewindow_yesterday?17.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.Thelightgreendresses_out.18.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroom_everyday.19.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.Trees_inverydryearth.20.Youcandigaholeintheearth.AHole_intheearth.三、用动词的