初中英语被动语态讲解-练习及答案

1 被动语态被动语态 一 一 考点 热点回顾考点 热点回顾 词汇辨析词汇辨析 1 across through 穿过穿过 acrossacross 指从一定范围的一边到另一边 动作是在物体的表面进行 常用于横穿街道 河流 穿 过桥梁等 eg They walk across the bridge 他们步行走过了这座桥 throughthrough 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过 动作是在物体内部进行 常用于门 窗户 森林等 eg He walks through the park 他步行穿过公园 2 ill sick 生病的 ill 只在系动词后作表语 eg Her mother was ill in bed sick 既可作表语 eg Her mother was sick in bed 也可作定语 eg Jane is taking care of her sick mother 若 ill 作定语 译为 坏的 恶劣的 eg an ill person 一个坏人 sick 作表语时也常译为 恶心的 想吐的 eg The boy always feels sick when he travels by car 固定搭配固定搭配 动词动词 名词名词 代词代词 副词副词 介词介词 make room for 给 腾出地方 eg We can make room for her at this table play a joke on 戏弄人 对人恶作剧 eg We can t play a joke on law speak highly of 称赞 eg The customs speak highly of their quality of service say good bye to 告别 告辞 eg I don t want to say good bye to them take an active part in 积极参加 eg They take an active part in school activities take care of 照顾 照料 注意 eg Could you take care of my plants while I m on vacation 被动语态被动语态 一 语态 一 语态 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的 英语中有两种语态 主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 例如 Many people speak Chinese 谓语 speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 即行为动作的对象 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 即行为动作的对象 例如 Chinese is spoken by many people 主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者 二 被动语态的构成 二 被动语态的构成 被动语态由 助动词助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 及物动词的过去分词 构成 人称 数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表 现出来的 现以 speak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成 一般现在时 am is are spoken 一般过去时 was were spoken 一般将来时 will shall be spoken 现在进行时 am is are being spoken 过去进行时 was were being spoken 2 现在完成时 have has been spoken 过去完成时 had been spoken 三 被动语态的用法 三 被动语态的用法 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 例如 Some new computers were stolen last night 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了 不知道是谁偷的 This bridge was founded in 1981 这座桥竣工于 1981 年 2 强调动作的承受者 而不强调动作的执行者 例如 The glass was broken by Mike 玻璃杯是迈克打破的 This book was written by him 这本书是他写的 Your homework must be finished on time 你们的家庭作业必须及时完成 四 主动语态变被动语态的方法 四 主动语态变被动语态的方法 1 把主动语态的宾语宾语变为被动语态的主语主语 2 把谓语谓语变成被动结构 be 过去分词 过去分词 根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数 以及原来 主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式 3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语 将主格改为宾格 例如 All the people laughed at him He was laughed at by all people They make the bikes in the factory The bikes are made by them in the factory He cut down a tree A tree was cut down by him 五 含有情态动词的被动语态 五 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时 由 情态动词 情态动词 be 过去分词 过去分词 构成 We can repair this watch in two days This watch can be repaired in two days They should do it at once It should be done at once 六 特殊情况 六 特殊情况 1 He made the boy work for two hours yesterday The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday 2 Mother never lets me watch TV I am never let to watch TV by mother 3 Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now 1 A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now 2 Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now 常见的句型结构常见的句型结构 It is was agreed believed decided hoped thought that 大家同意 相信 决定 希望 认为 It is was well known that 众所周知 It is was taken for granted that 被视为当然 3 It must be remembered that 务必记住 It mustn t be forgotten that 千万别忘记 It is was said reported heard told suggested that 据说 报道 听说 告知 建议 二 典型例题二 典型例题 1 The Olympic Games every four years A are held B were held C are holding D will ho1d 2 In the art show a lot of enjoyment to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B is given C will give D has given 3 Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular It in many schools around the world A teaches B is teaching C has taught D is taught 4 Ba Jin one of the greatest writers in China as People s Writer A is regarded B has regarded C is regarding D regards 5 Usually computers to search the Internet A use B are using C are used D used 6 Do you often clean your classroom Yes Our classroom every day A clean B cleans C is cleaned 7 一 Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible 一 Yes In fact it That s all because of the people and the factories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted D was po11ute 8 Our environment is getting worse than before You re right But thanks to Earth Day people have done more and more useful things to protect 保护 the earth since Earth Day A is started B was started C has started 9 I feel very happy that I to be the host Congratulations A choose B am chosen C was chosen D haven chosen 10 Many trees and flowers in our school last year and they made our school a beautiful garden A plant B planted C have planted D were planted 11 Some famous paintings in the hall next week A will show B were shown C is shown D will be shown 12 A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week A given B will be given C has been given D gives 4 13 Great changes have taken place in this city Right Many modern tall buildings have been these days A turned upB put up C shown up D fixed up 14 Twelve year olds should not to drive in China A allow B be allow C allowed D be allowed 15 Do you often clean your classroom Yes our classroom every day A clean B cleans C is cleaned D Cleaned 三 课后练习三 课后练习 1 Susan why are you still here They are all ready to start I m sorry but I when to meet A don t tell B didn t tell C haven t told D wasn t told 2 Many old houses around our school next year and a large green area will appear A pull down B will be pulled downC will pull down D are pulled down 3 My watch Don t worry Let s go to the Lost hold B was hold C is held D did hold 6 On May 30th one bowl in the Ming dynasty 明朝 at the price of 30 36 million Hong Kong dollars A sell B sold C is sold D was sold 7 The Thousand hand Guanyin by many people as the best performance at CCTV s Spring Festival Evening A has been regarded B are regarded C has regarded D regards 8 Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful Yes they in Hangzhou A paintedB were painting C were painted D had painted 9 Don t litter the ground boy Look at the sign Rubbish into the dustbin Sorry A has throw B was throw C must throw D must be thrown 5 10 The 29th 0lympic Games in Beijing in 2008 A will hold B will be held C hold 11 The girl was often heard happily in her room A sing B to sing C singing D sings 12 It is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term A will be built B was built C has built D will build 13 It is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term A will be built B was built C has built D will build 14 The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday A is taken B was taken C takes D took 15 It s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school I think a bridge over the river A was built B is being built C has been built D should be built 16 David turn off the TV no one is watching it But it off already The music is from the radio A so that has been turned B when has turned C if has been turned D because has turned 17 Usually John to school in his father s beautiful car A has taken B is taking C is taken D has been taken 18 Don t put off today s work for tomorrow I mean today s work today A may do B must do C may be done D must be done 19 Look what an old palace It looks so great Yeah it nearly 800 years ago A was building B was builtC has builtD is built 20 Don t discuss the problems with your partner unless you to do so A ask B are asked C will ask D will be asked 6 典型例题 一般现在时 1A 解析 考查被动语态 根据句意 奥运会每四年举行一次 可见须用一般现在时的被动语态 故排除了 B C D 2 答案 B 解析 本题考查被动语态 句中 a lot of enjoyment 是动作的承受者 在这次艺术展中 一 些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友 3 答案 D 解析 考查被动语态 物作主语 一般要考虑被动语态 但如果动词指的是物的特性 不 能用被动语态 4 答案 A 解析 选用一般现在时态的被动语态 表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴 5 答案 C 解析 从句子看 电脑作主语 是动作的承受者 所以用被动语态 故选 C 6 答案 C 解析 考查被动语态物作主语 一般要考虑被动语态 但如果动词指的是物的特性 不能 用被动语态 一般过去时 1 答案 B 考查被动语态 物作主语 一般要考虑被动语态 但如果动词指的是物的特性 不能用被 动语态 2 答案 B 解析 从句意 自从 地球日 开始以来 人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环 境 可知 地球日 的开始 要用一般过去时的被动语态 其构成为 was started 故选 B 3 We into five groups to go to the old people s home We did many things to cheer them up 太原 市 A divided B are divided C were divided 3 答案 C 解析 本题主要考查被动语态的用法 根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式 由后一句 We did many things 可推断 时态应该是一般过去时 因此选 C 4C 5D 一般将来过去 1 答案 D 解析 本题综合考查时态和语态 主语为 一些名画 在此为动作 展出 的承受者 故应用被动语态 时间状语为 next week 是表示将来的时间状语 所以句子时态是一般将来时 所以 D 项正确 2B 答案B 答案 D 情态动词用于被动结构为 情态动词 be 过去分词 答案为 C 句中有 every day 主语为 our classroom 故要用一般现在时的被动语态 参考答案 1 答案 D 解析 依据句意 对不起 但我不知道什么时候见面 强调动作发生在过去 I 和 tell 之 间是被动关系 2 答案 B 解析 由题干时间 next year 科知识将来时态 句子主语是 old houses 应用被动语态 故选 B 3 答案 A 解析 由 Let s go to the Lost hold B was hold C is held D did hold 6 On May 30th one bowl in the Ming dynasty 明朝 at the price of 30 36 million Hong Kong dollars A sell B sold C is sold D was sold 7 The Thousand hand Guanyin by many people as the best performance at CCTV s Spring Festival Evening A has been regarded B are regarded C has regarded D regards 8 Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful Yes they in Hangzhou A paintedB were painting C were painted D had painted 9 Don t litter the ground boy Look at the sign Rubbish into the dustbin Sorry A has throw B was throw C must throw D must be thrown 10 The 29th 0lympic Games in Beijing in 2008 A will hold B will be held C hold 11 The girl was often heard happily in her room A sing B to sing C singing D sings 12 It is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term A will be built B was built C has built D will build 13 It is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term A will be built B was built C has built D will build 14 The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday A is taken B was taken C takes D took 15 It s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school I think a bridge over the river A was built B is being built C has been built D should be built 16 David turn off the TV no one is watching it But it off already The music is from the radio A so that has been turned B when has turned C if has been turned D because has turned 17 Usually John to school in his father s beautiful car A has taken B is taking C is taken D has been taken 18 Don t put off today s work for tomorrow I mean today s work today A may do B must do C may be done D must be done 19 Look what an old palace It looks so great 10 Yeah it nearly 800 years ago A was building B was builtC has builtD is built 20 Don t discuss the problems with your partner unless you to do so A ask B are asked C will ask D will be asked 11 典型例题 一般现在时 1A 解析 考查被动语态 根据句意 奥运会每四年举行一次 可见须用一般现在时的被动语态 故排除 了 B C D 2 答案 B 解析 本题考查被动语态 句中 a lot of enjoyment 是动作的承受者 在这次艺术展中 一些有趣 的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友 3 答案 D 解析 考查被动语态 物作主语 一般要考虑被动语态 但如果动词指的是物的特性 不能用被 动语态 4 答案 A 解析 选用一般现在时态的被动语态 表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴 5 答案 C 解析 从句子看 电脑作主语 是动作的承受者 所以用被动语态 故选 C 6 答案 C 解析 考查被动语态物作主语 一般要考虑被动语态 但如果动词指的是物的特性 不能用被动 语态 一般过去时 1 答案 B 考查被动语态 物作主语 一般要考虑被动语态 但如果动词指的是物的特性 不能用被动语态 2 答案 B 解析 从句意 自从 地球日 开始以来 人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境 可知 地球日 的开始 要用一般过去时的被动语态 其构成为 was started 故选 B 3 We into five groups to go to the old people s home We did many things to cheer them up 太原市 A divided B are divided C were divided 3 答案 C 解析 本题主要考查被动语态的用法 根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式 由后 一句 We did many things 可推断 时态应该是一般过去时 因此选 C 4C 5D 一般将来过去 1 答案 D 解析 本题综合考查时态和语态 主语为 一些名画 在此为动作 展出 的承受者 故应用 被动语态 时间状语为 next week 是表示将来的时间状语 所以句子时态是一般将来时 所以 D 项正确 2B 答案B 答案 D 情态动词用于被动结构为 情态动词 be 过去分词 答案为 C 句中有 every day 主语为 our classroom 故要用一般现在时的被动语态 参考答案 1 答案 D 解析 依据句意 对不起 但我不知道什么时候见面 强调动作发生在过去 I 和 tell 之间是被 动关系 2 答案 B 解析 由题干时间 next year 科知识将来时态 句子主语是 old houses 应用被动语态 故选 B 3 答案 A 解析 由 Let s go to the Lost Found 可知 说明表丢失了 故选 4 答案 B 解析 由 Did you go to Sam s weekend party 可知陈述过去的动作的发生