中考英语名词专项.doc

中考英语名词专项名词 n.一、名词的分类集体名词：若视为整体时，表示单数含义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。1. 专有名词：指人名、地名、机构等特定名词（首字母大写），如Lucy, Beijing等2. 普通名词：指一类人或东西，或是一个抽象的概念的名称，可从四方面掌握： 个体名词：worker, book, pen 可数名词 集体名词：family, team, class, school等 物质名词：money, water, milk, orange, coffee, tea, juice, bread, beef, pock, chicken, 不可数名词 pizza, fish, rice, ice cream等等 抽象名词：life生活, wealth价值, love, time, advice, paper, air空气, experience经验, news, work, information等等 注意: advice, paper, experience经验, news的用法二、可数名词的复数形式一）可数名词的复数形式的规则变化1. 一般情况，加-s books, girls2. x, s, ch, sh结尾，加-es boxes, churches教堂, dishes菜, dresses裙子3. 以辅音+y的，把y改为i，再加-es cities, families,4. 以f/ fe结尾的，把f/fe改为v, 再加-es knife-knives刀子 leaf-leaves叶子5. 以o结尾的，多数加-es, hero-heroes英雄 potato-potatoes土豆tomato-tomatoes西红柿 词末为两个元音的词以及某 zoo-zoos, radio-radios收音机 photo-photos照片piano-pianos钢琴 些外来词只加-s 二）可数名词的复数形式的不规则变化1）foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese鹅2）man-men, woman-women 3）child-children4）mouse-mice老鼠, 5）ox-oxen, 公牛单复同形时，请注意谓语形单意复时，谓语用复数6）stomach-stomachs胃7）单复数同形：Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, deer鹿8）形式为单数但是意义为复数的名词： people, police这些词前面一般用a pair of.修饰9）只以复数形式出现的词：glasses眼镜, trousers裤子, gloves手套， socks袜子，shoes鞋子, chopsticks筷子3） man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的名词的单复数而定：two men workers两名男工人 some women teachers几位女老师3、 不可数名词的量的表示方法1） 用a piece of.， a pair of. （数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词 ）注意：复数形式体现在量词上a piece of paper一张纸 a piece of bread一片面包two pieces of paper两张纸some, any, lots of= a lot of后也可接可数名词复数2）用much, some, any, lots of=a lot of., a little, little等表示多少四、名词所有格（表示人或物的所有和所属关系）“.的.”1） 名词-s a students classroom - students classroom2） A of B 当名词（A）前有限定词（冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词）时，用of： a map of China3） 当两个名词并列的时候，表示“分别所有”时，前后都加s, 谓语用复数 Toms and Jims fathers表示“共同所有”时，只在最后一个名词后加s， 谓语用单数Tom and Jims father 4) at ones表示某人的家 at Toms5) 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格时用s或。 5 minutes walk 5分钟的路程 ten miles journey 10英里的旅程 ten dollars worth 10美元的价值 two pounds weight 2英镑的重量五、名词的相关构词法1）-er player, reporter, teacher, worker, driver, singer, writer, waiter, farmer, seller, dancer, listener, speaker, presenter,2）-or visitor, actor, director, conductor, sailor, inventor, 3）-ist scientist, artist, dentist4）-ian musician5）-tion population, question六、国名转国人国名 国人（单） 国人（复） China Chinese Chinese以man结尾的人，如果是复合词，则把man改变为men，如Englishman-Englishmen;如果man本身是单词的一部分，则复数直接加-s，如German-GermansAmerica American AmericansEngland English/Englishman Englishes/EnglishmenCanada Canadian Canadians France French FrenchesGermany German GermansItaly Italian ItaliansAustralia Australian AustraliansAsia Asian AsiansEurope European Europeans表示国人时，前面不加冠词 She is Chinese. 当后面有名词时，才需要加冠词 She is a Chinese girl.Britain British BritishAustria Austrian AustriansEgypt Egyptian EgyptiansIndia Indian IndiansJapan Japanese JapaneseRussia Russian RussiansSpain Spaish Spaish名词专项练习 满分：100分 姓名： 得分： 名词基础知识再现一、写出下列名词的复数形式：month zerokilo photopianoplant memberfridge German boy toyorange chairclass bench glassbrush boxpencil-boxwish inch fish watchtomato potatoknife half housewife leaf shelfwolf thieffactorydictionarybutterflycityfamilycountry babypolicemanpolicewoman man woman foot tooth woman doctor childmouse gooseChinese fish sheep deer 二、用所给词的适当形式填空：1. There are some(potato) in the box.2. Look! There are a lot of(leaf)on the ground.3. Some(policeman)are standing there.4. He has three(boy).5. There are a few(people)in the room.6.I would like three(glass)of (milk).7. It has four(foot).8. There are two(baby)in the cradle.9. These(watch)and(clock)are made in this (city).10. Jack s father bought a pair of new(shoe) for him last Sunday.11. The two(woman doctor) are my(girlfriend)12. Please pass me two pieces of(paper).13. Tell me if there are two boxes of(pen) in it.14. These (glass) are made of (glass).15. How many(time)have you been to Paris?16. Tomorrow two (Australian) and three (Frenchman)will visit the village.17. There is something wrong with one of the elephants(foot).18. My cousin was so happy because he made few (mistake)in his maths test.19. The man is waiting for Toms and Mays (teacher).20. The old house is so dirty and there are a lot of (mouse) here.五、选择填空：1. There are twelve in a year.A. month B. monthes C. months2. Three are standing over there.A. police B. policeman C. policemen3. The soldiers gave their to the country in the war（战争）.A. lives B. lifes C. life4. Look! Here is your .A. skirt B. shirts C. skirts5. Half of the were taken in England.A. photoes B. photos C. photo6. I have today.A. headache B. a headache C. headaches7. Im interested in one of these .A. story B. stories C. storys8. My uncle watched a few TV last week.A. play B. plaies C. plays9. She had three for lunch.A. bottles of orange juices B. bottle of orange juice C. bottles of orange juice10. There are two on the plate.A. pieces of meat B. piece of meat C. pieces of meats11. Mother bought a pair of for me last week.A. shoe B. glasses C. glass12. Several will visit our school next Monday.A. Japaneses B. Americans C. Englishman13. Can you give us any to do?A. works B. worker C. work14. Its about an walk from here to my home.A. hours B. hours C. hours 15. are sitting at the breakfast table.A. The family B. Family C. Families16. turn yellow in autumn.A. Leaves B. Leafs C. leaf17. In a few time we hope to cover those mountains.A. years B. years C. years18. Twenty young in our village joined the army last year.A. peoples B. peoples C. people19. are a hardworking people.A. Chinese B. The Chineses C. The Chinese20. Jack took away my pencil-box by .A. a mistake B. mistake C. mistakes21. Mother does in my family.A. much housework B. much homework C. many houseworks22. Please make for the old man.A. a room B. room C. the room 23. Ill give you to finish the work.A. two days time B. two days time C. two days time24. We walk with our .A. foots B. foot C. feet25. She often goes to the factory , not by bus.A. by foot B. on foot C. by her foot26. How many can you see in the picture?A. monkey B. monkeys C. monkeies27. “What is she?” “She is .”A. Lily B. her sister C. a girl student28. The sun rises in the and goes down in the .A. west, east B. ease, north C. east, west29. Half of the telephone calls are made in English.A. worlds B. world C. worlds30. We usually have four in the morning.A. class B. classs C. classes31. The of the table are too short.A. leg B. legs C. leggs32. That shop sells clothes.A. the mens B. mens C. mans 33. “Whose room is that?” “Its .”A. my B. my brothers C. my brothers34. How many do you have?A. tooths B. teeth C. toothes35. He is a boy.A. six-year-old B. six-years-old C. six years old36. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no but to take a taxi.A. wayB. choiceC. possibilityD. selection37. Heres my number. Lets keep in .A. touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship38. David gained his by printing of famous writers.A. wealth; workB. wealths; worksC. wealths; workD. wealth; works39. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of .A. energyB. sourceC. powerD. material40. Every day we get in the newspaper, on the radio and on TV too.A. many informationsB. all kinds of informationC. informationsD. an information41. Please give my to your mother.A. regardsB. wishC. loveD. hope42. It was so crowded in theroom that there was for me.A. no roomB. no roomsC. some roomD. no spaces43. I dont like these gloves. Please show me another .A. oneB. pairC. coupleD. piece44. The student of