外语教学与研究出版社高中英语必修-2Module-5知识点辅导.doc

本单元重点知识点 1. addvt, vi1) 增加to add more hot water 多加点热水 Add a few more names of labourers to the list.名单上再加上几个工人的名字。2) 加；加起来If you add 4 to 3 you get 7. 四加三得七。 Add up these figures, please.请把这些数字加起来。3) 补充说； 又说I should add that we are very pleased. 我要补充的是我们非常高兴。I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.我还要补充说一下,我们对测试结果表示满意。其它词组：add to增加, 加到add up加起来, 总计; 和预期产总数相等; 口有意义, 有道理add up to总计共达; (总起来看)等于说; 意味着2。space1) 太空People have travelled through space to the moon. 人们已经经由太空到了月球。2) 空地，空处There is no space for another chair in this room. 这房间没有再放一把椅子的空地了。3. aboardadv, prep在船（或飞机、火车、公共汽车）上（里）We must not take combustible goods aboard. 我们切不可带易燃物上车。He has gone aboard.他已上船飞机、车了。She went aboard the plane.她上了飞机。4. receive1) 接受；收到Did you receive any letters today? 你今天收到信了吗？ 2) 忍受；遭受to receive a blow 遭受打击The novel was well received.这本小说很受欢迎。The report received accolades from the press.这篇报道受到新闻界的赞扬。receive, accept区别receive只表示客观上、被动地接受Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra 100 a year!后来他笑了，并且告诉我说，我将一年收到一百英镑的额外收入！She has received his present, but she will not accept it.她收到了他的礼物，但她是不会接受的。accept总表示主动而且高兴地接受The villagers have told him that they will not accept the inn even if he gives it away.村民们告诉他说，即使他把那小酒店白送给人家，也没有人会接受的。As we all know, you received an invitation yesterday. Will you accept it?5. congratulation（常与on连用）祝贺 (pl)贺词to offer ones congratulations on her success 对她的成功表示祝贺Its your birthday today? Congratulations!今天是你的生日?恭喜,恭喜!6. success1) 成功；胜利 uHer success as a popular singer was inspiring.作为流行歌曲歌手她取得的成功鼓舞人心。2）成功之人；成功的事If you want to be a success in business you must work hard.如果你想在生意上获得成功,你必须勤奋7. offer1) vt. 提供；提出He offered me 300 dollars for that television. 他出300美元向我买那部电视机。2) vt.（与to连用）表示愿意；试图offer to go 自愿前往 3) n. 提议提供Thank you for your offer of help. 感谢你提供的帮助。make an offer of help support、food提出给以帮助支持、食品4) n. 出价；报盘an offer of 100 出价100 英镑 8. includevt. 包括；包含Price $14.90, postage included. = Price $14.90, including postage.价格14.90美元，邮资包括在内。The price includes postage charges.价格包括邮费在内。9. wish1) 但愿；要是多好; 祝愿I wish we had a car. 要是我们有一辆车多好啊。I wish you a very happy future.祝你一生幸福。I wish I were 30 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。I wish you well and happy.我祝愿你健康愉快。He wished me good morning good-bye.他向我道早安告别。2)（常与for连用）想要You have everything you could wish for. 你想要的已经全有了。3) 希望When do you wish to leave? 你希望什么时候离开？4) 要Do you wish to eat alone? 您要一个人用餐吗？10. find out发现；揭露; 查明白；弄清楚Please find out when the ship sails for New York.请打听一下那艘船什么时候开往纽约。Please find out what time the train will arrive.请查一查火车什么时候到。Ive found you out at last. 我终于把你揭露了。11. believe, 1) 相信；信任I dont believe you.我不信你说的话。You cant believe anything she says.你不能相信她说的话。I believe him (to be) right.我认为他是对的。2) 认为；想Mr Smith was believed to be the murderer.史密斯被认为是凶手。believe in信仰；信任to believe in God 信仰上帝We believe in him.我们信任他。Do you believe in ghosts?你相信有鬼吗?12. divide1)（常与in, into连用）分开；划分Lets divide ourselves into several groups.我们分成几个小组吧。2) 除15 divided by 3 is 5. 3除15等于5。13. concentrate集中（注意力、思想等）Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作。 A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。concentrate ones attention on upon把注意力集中在You should concentrate on your work.你应该专心于你的工作。常见的时间状语从句1。由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。如： It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。 2。.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。如： I didnt go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。 I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。 3。.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is 时间since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。I have been in Beijing since you left.自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 4。.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一就”。 The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。 注意：hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。 He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。 5。由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。如： By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。 6。由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。 Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。 Whenever that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。 You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。原因状语从句一般由because, since, as, for引导。注意看下面的题目： _ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight. A. For B. Since C. Before D. While _ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. A. For B. Now C. Since D. Despite 思路点拨1) 从以上两题可以看出，首先，同学们要根据主从句的语意关系，确定是什么状语从句，然后在进行选择。 2) 注意连词的结构，如为Now that的搭配because, s