2014届高三任务型写作练习指导.doc

2014届高三任务型写作练习与指导总述：广东省高考任务型写作总分25分，包含两部分，第一部分是30个单词的概要（5分），第二部分是120个单词的要点写作，近几年的高考都是三个写作要点（20分）因读写任务“写作内容”所列要点的顺序已具有内在的逻辑性，所以考生应该按照试题所给内容要点的顺序写作。一般是每个写作要点安排为一个自然段，且将写作内容的每个要点作为各段的主题句，将主题句放在各段的开头，这样既可以避免考生在写作时跑题或遗漏要点，又方便阅卷老师落实要点是否齐全。一 如何写摘要：1. 概括文章大意的步骤：（1）定位中心词：写作中要求考试发表议论的主题，往往就是所阅读短文要论述的主题，所以可以从命题者给出的论题里找到中心词，以防离题。如要求就“Appreciations Make Us More Confident”主题发表意见，那么appreciation就是原文的中心词。 练习：Does pressure do harm to students? 中心词是：_(2) 找出中心句：找到中心词后，应回到原文中找到中心句。说明文跟议论文的中心句一般在开头或是结尾，有时也在第二句，或是藏在文章某个地方。故事性的文章一般没有现成的中心句，需要自己去归纳总结。(3) 重构主题句：题目要求不可以抄原文，因此考生应围绕中心词和中心句自己重写主题句。采用的方法有：改变词性，同义替换，语态互换，转换句型等。概括要全面但不要太详细。一般来说把每个段落的大意整合在一起就是该文章的中心意思。(4)重组支撑句：补充或是提供证据。即时练习：找出下列写作要求中的中心词，并将其翻译成英文：1. 以120个词对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的现象进行议论。2. 以120个词讲述一次你（或你的朋友）想家的经历。3. 以120个词就老师影响学生的话题谈谈你的想法。4. 以120个词谈谈你对平凡工作的想法。5. 以120个词表达你对父亲的感恩6. 以120个词就学习外语这个话题谈谈你的看法。找出下列文段的中心句子,在文中划出来，并按要求改写：文段1：Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than house wives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the death rate decreases correspondingly by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health.利用同义词改写原主题句：_文段2：As the old saying goes, you dont know what the happiness is until you lose it; you dont know what the health is until you are ill. “Health is of vital importance to life.” Sounds like achieve to everyone, but it is absolutely true.利用同义词改写原主题句：_文段3：Women teachers are holding back boys by scolding them for typically male behavior, according to a study out today. They hold the belief that boys are “silly” in class, refuse to “ sit nicely like the girls” and are more likely to be addicted to “schoolboy tricks”. Women teachers may also unconsciously have low expectations of boys academic achievement and encourage girls to work harder, thinking that they are cleverer.利用改变语态改写原主题句：_文段4：Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.利用词性转换改写原主题句：_2.概括文章大意的方法：（分文体：记叙文、议论文、说明文、演讲、新闻报道）(1)记叙文：要素串联法（以回答问题的方式：谁做了什么结果怎样说明了什么）记叙文又分三类进行概括：1）单纯的记叙事件的文章：只需概括该事件（即回答上面两个问题）2）在记叙文的末尾又点题句或者是升华的主题或者是记叙的事件给人的启示： 概括时 要概括该事件+ 启示（即回答上面三个问题）3）夹叙夹议的文章：概括该事件+作者的看法、观点、感悟、经验（即回答上面三个问题）注意：概要的时态一般跟原文时态一致，人称使用第三人称表述如 I 应表述为the writer / she/ he / the author ，不得加入考生个人的观点 记叙文概括段落模板：介绍故事内容（人物+主要事件和结果+故事的启示或是道理）练习：Today I was having a PE lesson when I fell down and hurt my foot. I was in great pain at that moment, but I tried to act as if nothing had happened until the class is over. Though I had difficulty walking back to my classroom, I still didnt tell anyone and refused the offer of my classmates. As a result, the hurt in my foot became worse. Now I know Im wrong. We can tell others our need for help and accept their help. Some day we can help others in return. In this way, we can get along with each other happily and peacefully. 阅读材料回答以下三个问题并用自己的话将其串起来写一个30字的概括： 谁做了什么？_ 结果怎样？_ 说明了什么？_Summary:_（2）说明文：在了解了说明文的主旨以及说明顺序之后将说明文分三类进行： 1）描写某事物的功用性质，概要则应包括：描写的对象+性质功用+利弊 模板：In the passage, the writer introduces（对象）to us, especially its(性质或功用)，from which we know( 对象带来的利弊) 2)若说明文是针对某个问题提出解决的方法或是措施：问题+解决方法 The passage tells us (问题)，including(方法1)，(方法2)，and(方法3) 3）若说明文是介绍某现象以及其原因和结果时：现象+原因+结果（措施或是建议）The author talks about(现象)，+原因+措施或是结果（3）议论文：找到议论文的三要素：论点，论据，和结论论点：作者试图让读者接受的观点论据：论证论点的证据，最重要的是找到主题句topic sentence和支撑句supporting sentences, 和结论句 conclusion sentences.若是对比观点式的议论文，写概要时则应将两种不同的观点和理由按照文章的顺序，用简洁的语言串起来。注意：议论文的概要要全面，论点+原文中的例子作为支撑句（必须包括论点+论据+结论）（4）新闻报道类的概要：the first sentence / paragraph +contents (examples or figures) + conclusion/ prediction二 如何写好段落的主题句子（在要点的写作中，每段的第一句最好是主题句）1.引出经历：用来引出记叙文的具体事例常用句型： The story reminds me of my own experience. The story reminds me of a similar experience of my friend. After reading the story above, I recall the experience of my friend练习： 1）讲述一次你与朋友出现矛盾的经历。 Each pair of friends may_ fighting, Li Xiao and I are no exception. 2)叙述你在学习或是生活上帮助别人或接受别人帮助的一次经历。_ when I performed badly in my maths. 3).时间、地点和起因。【讲述一次想家的经历】（11广东） Like Sam, each of us may _ missing our family, _(包括我在内).4)你或你同学的做兼职的经历。 1) I once _ doing a part-time job in a summer vacation.2) This _ an unforgettable experience of my part-time job.2.重述要点：（重新复述要点）题干要求说明事物的说明事物的重要性、意义、差别、利弊等，这类的主题句并不直接回答要点的提问，而是翻译题干的要点作为段落的主题句，具体回答则通过后面的拓展句子来体现。如： 要点是“谈谈、的重要性”则主题句为“、有重要作用” 要点是“谈谈、有何重要意义”则主题句为“ 、很有意义”常用句型： do harm to be different fromplay an important role/ part in have a bad/ good influence / effect on have a close relation/ connection练习：1）中学生活和大学生活的差别。(2008广东高考) From my point of view, college life will _ the life in high school. 2）谈谈同学们对周末补课的不同看法。 Students _on taking classes at weekends.3）在生活中谅解他人有何意义? From the story I learn that understanding and forgiving others _ in our life.4）你怎样看待老师对学生的影响。3.回答要点：当写作要点是询问考生的看法时，则用“对提问作出明确回答的句子”作为主题句。 常用词组： In my opinion As for me As far as I am concerned,练习：1）你愿意与人分享吗？ Personally, _ to share with others.2）假如你处在那些动物的处境(被游客拍照)，你会有什么反应？(09年广东)If I _ an animal in the wildlife park, I would feel _ when people keep photographing me. 3）.假如你在事故现场，你是伸出援助之手还是袖手旁观？4.表明立场：明确表明对某观点的支持、赞同还是反对常用句型：（请将资料书170页的句型抄写在此） 练习：1）你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法。（10广东） As far as I am concerned, _ the measure of paying students to study.2）你是否赞成推迟高中早上的上课时间。 In my view, _ with the idea to delay the opening of the school day of Senior School.5.引出建议、方法、步骤、措施等 常用句型：(参考170页) As for_, I suggest that We should take some effective measures to . We should try our best to overcome/ conquer the difficulties.It is necessary that proper actions should be taken to end the phenomenon.练习：1）.你有什么建议给文中的小男孩？ As for the boy, I suggest that2）你认为建设绿色校园应该采取哪些措施？ In order to build a green campus, effective measures should be taken.3）如何道歉才能取得好的效果？_6.总述原因：要点要求你说明原因 或是理由的 常用句型：There are several reasons that contribute to The reason for this are obvious.The reason why are as follows:The reason why is that 练习：越来越多人又开始骑自行车的原因。 The reasons why more and more people ride bicycles nowadays are _.综合练习：请根据各个写作要点，按照上面所讲的写主题句的方法，写出各段的主题句：1.2012年高考题【写作内容】1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2.以约120个词就老师影响学生的话题谈谈你的想法，内容包括：（1）上文使你想起哪位对你帮助最大的老师；.（2）举例说明该老师对你学习或成长的影响；（3）你怎样看待老师对学生的影响2.2013年高考题【写作内容】1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2. 以约120个词谈谈你对平凡工作的想法，内容包括：（1）描述清洁工工作的艰辛；（2）假如没有清洁工，环境会变得如何？（3）你对平凡工作的看法。3.2011深圳一模 写作内容1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2. 以约120个词就“熄灯一小时”活动 (Earth Hour)发表看法。(1)你是否赞成这种做法并说明理由；(2)你是否动员你的家人或你周围的人参加此活动？ (3)日常生活中为了保护环境我们还可以做些什么？三如何写好拓展主题句，即要点的写作。详见资料书177-178页！英语谚语1、学习的重要性Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。Reading enriches the mind. 开卷有益；读书使人充实，Reading is to the mind while exercise to the body. 读书健脑，运动强身。2、学习方法Haste does not bring success. haste：heist n.急忙,迅速 欲速则不达Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. Spin：v/n旋转、自传；reel：卷,绕一心不能二用。 A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 Genius is nothing but labor and diligence. 天才不过是勤奋而已。 It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。Four eyes see more than two. 集思广益。 God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。 Every little helps a mickle. 聚沙成塔，集腋成裘。 Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 Books and friends should be few but good. 读书如交友，应求少而精。 Complacency is the enemy of study.学习的敌人是自己的满足。 Creep before you walk. 循序渐进。 spare no effort; go all out; do ones best 不遗余力Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 Dont claim to know what you dont know. 不要不懂装懂。A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人Observation is the best teacher. 观察是最好的老师。 3、惜时Do it now. 机不可失，时不再来。Every minute counts. 分秒必争。Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。Time is money. 时间就是金钱。4、书籍A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书，相伴一生。 5、计划An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之计在于晨。A years plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。6、品质、诚信A good fame is better than a good face. 美名胜过美貌。 He is wise that is honest. 诚实者最明智。 Do as you would be done by. 己所不欲，勿施于人。 A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud. 博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。 A leopard cannot change its spots. 积习难改。 7、健康Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起身体好。Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 Health is happiness. 健康就是幸福。 Prevention is better than cure. 预防胜于治疗。Where there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 8、交友A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 Never judge from appearances. 不可以貌取人。 Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 9、老师A candle lights others and consumes itself. 蜡烛照亮别人，却毁灭了自己。A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。10、坚持Rome is not built in a day. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。 He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 Success belongs to the persevering.坚持就是胜利。A thousand-li journey is started by taking the first step.千里之行，始于足下。Rome was not built in a day.罗马并非一日可建成；坚持必成。Success belongs to the persevering.胜利属于坚忍不拔的人。Work makes the workman.勤工出巧匠。There is no royal road to learning. 学问无坦途。11、集体Unity is strength.团结就是力量。 Many heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。 12、志向Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成；世上无难事只要肯攀登If you venture nothing, you will have nothing.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 Nothing seek, nothing find.无所求则无所获。Great hopes make great man.伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。 Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母Nothing is impossible!没有什么不可能！Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是走向成功的第一步。 No pains, no gains.没有付出就没有收获。 13、实践Talking mends no holes.空谈无补。 Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见或眼见为实。Doing is better than saying.与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 Knowledge comes from experience alone. 知识来自经验。Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.知识是一座宝库，实践是打开宝库的钥匙。Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 14、智慧A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。15、其他Money isnt everything.钱不是万能的。There are two sides to every question.问题皆有两面。 A miss is as good as a mile. 失之毫厘，差之千里。 A snow year, a rich year. 瑞雪兆丰年。 Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕。 Never too old to learn, never too late to turn.亡羊补牢，为时未晚。 No pleasure without pain.Unpleasant advice is a good medicine.忠言逆耳利于行。 The frog in the well knows nothing of the great ocean.坐井观天。 Misfortune is a good teacher. 不幸是良好的教师。Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌.A stitch in time saves nine.小洞不补，大洞吃苦。A mothers love never changes.母爱永恒。 A cat may look at a king. 人人平等。引用名人名言及谚语时，可使用如下句型：Just as the saying goes: “No garden is without weeds”, computer games have also some disadvantages.正像常言所说:“没有无杂草的花园”，计算机也有一些不足之处。As the proverb goes: “Every coin has its two sides”, television has both advantages and disadvantages.正像谚语所说：“任何硬币都有两面”，电视既有优点也有缺点。补充谚语：1. Success lies in hard work while failure often results from laziness. 成功在于勤奋而失败往往起因于懒惰。2. Hard work can lead to success while laziness will result in failure. 勤奋可引向成功而懒惰会导致失败。3. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。4. God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。5. One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。6. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart./ Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。7. More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。（直译：越着急,速度越慢.）8. Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。冰冻三日，非一日之寒。9. Well begun, half done. 好的开始是成功的一半。10A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 千里之行始于足下。11Actions speak louder than words.行动胜过语言。事实胜于雄辩。12Look before you leap.三思而后行。13Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 14All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只干活不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。15. To save time is to lengthen life. 节省时间就是延长生命。16. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑, 长一智。17. Its never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。 18. A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。19. Self-trust is the first secret of success.自信是成功的第一秘诀。20. Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。21. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 22. Every man has his taste.人各有所好。23. It is hard to please all. 众口难调。 24. Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。25. Better to do well than to say well. 说得好不如做得好。26. Reading enriches the mind. 开卷有益。27. All roads lead to Rome.