英语中no和not之外的否定.doc

英语中no和not之外的否定在英语中，除not和no表达否定意义以外，还有其它表示否定意义的词、词组、句型。1. 表达否定意义的副词如never，seldom，rarely，scarcely，hardly，little，otherwise等。例如：1) Never shall I forget the days we spent together on the beautiful farm.我永远不会忘记我们一起在那座美丽的农场上度过的日子。2) Rarely has a debate attracted so much media attention. 很少有一场辩论吸引这么多媒体的关注。3) He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten. 幸亏他提醒了我,要不然我就会把这事给忘了。4) There is hardly any time left before they make a final decision.在他们做最后决定之前几乎没有什么时间剩下了。5) Little did she know at that time her fault would cost her her career.她当时压根就不知道她的过错会断送她的职业生涯。2. 表达否定意义的代词如neither, none, nor, few, little等。例如：1） Few people can match him when it comes to poetry.在诗歌领域很少有人可以与他比肩。2） Neither of the shops remains open after midnight.午夜过后两家店都不营业。3） I wanted to find some bread in the fridge but there was none left.我想在冰箱里找点面包，但是里面已经没有了。4) Little has been said about this issue at the meeting. 在会上几乎没有提到有关这一话题的任何事情。3. 在特定的语境中表达否定意义的介词或介词词组，如without，beyond，except, but, behind，despite, above, against, off, out of, instead of, at a loss, rather than，but for, in spite of等。例如：1） There is no smoke without fire.无火不生烟。2） No one can answer these questions as they are beyond our level.没有人能回答这些问题，因为我们不懂。3） How come he did much worse than those who were behind him?他怎么可能比那些远不如他的人做得还要糟糕呢？4） The situation in the city was out of control.城里的局势已经无法控制。5） To our surprise, the majority of the people were against the plan.让我们吃惊的是，大多数人不赞成此项计划。6） For the coming holiday, Id like to stay at home rather than go out. 即将到来的假期，我宁呆在家里也不愿出去。4. 可以用来表示否定意义的形容词或词组有absent from, blind to, dead to, deficient in, different from, far from, free from/of, foreign to, ignorant of, independent of, less than, reluctant to, safe from, short of等。例如：1） Mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their children. 母亲有时候不能察觉自己的孩子的过错。2） Out of the concern for safety, many people prefer to buy the vegetables free of pollution.出于安全考虑，许多人们喜欢购买无污染的蔬菜。3） Teenagers nowadays always dream to be independent of their parents.现在的青少年总是梦想着不受父母的约束。4） Dishonesty is foreign to his nature.他的本性与弄虚作假格格不入。5） He had to give in though he was reluctant to do so.尽管他不愿意，还是要做出让步。6) Love from parents was totally absent from his childhood. 他童年时根本没有收到父母的疼爱。5. 表示否定意义的连词如before, since, but, otherwise, unless等。例如：1） The bell rang before I could look over my answers. 我还没来得及看一下答案铃就响了。2） Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. 蜂蜜虽好吃，蜜蜂不好惹。3） Hurry up otherwise we may miss the flight.快点，要不然我们会错过航班。4） Our team has no chance to win the game unless they quit.我们队根本没有赢得比赛的希望除非他们弃权。5） It is more than 4 years since John worked in that city.约翰不在那座城市工作已经有四年多的时间了。6. 在特定的语境中表示否定意义的动词和名词如fail, escape, ignore, reject, refuse, deny, avoid, miss, let alone, lack, absence, ignorance , reluctance等。例如：1） Anyone who fails to pay attention to this will have to pay a heavy price.任何没有注意到这一点的人都将付出沉重的代价。2） This name escapes my memory. 这个名字我一时记不起来了。3） Lack of confidence led to his failure in the match.没有自信导致他在比赛中的失利。4） The suspect denied having entered the museum, let alone having stolen the painting. 这名嫌疑犯不承认进入博物馆，更不用说偷走那幅画。5）The absence of evidence forced the judges to declare him innocent. 由于没有足够的证据，法官不得不宣布他无罪。7. 表示否定意义的固定结构如anything but, tooto do, toofor, more than, prefer doingto，the last, neithernor, It goes without saying等。例如：1) In the eyes of his people, the president is anything but a fool.在民众的眼里，总统绝不是个傻子。2) The lecturer spoke too fast for the audience to follow him.演讲者说得太快以至于听众无法跟上他。3) Mike is the last person Mary wants to marry.麦克是玛丽最不想嫁的人。4） What he has done to me is more than I could bear.他对我所做的是我无法忍受的。8. 表示否定意义的前缀或后缀： 英语中常用的否定前缀有a-, anti-, dis-, il-, im-, in-,ir-, mal-, non-,un-和under-等，常用否定后缀有-less，-free，-proof等后缀，含有这些前缀或后缀的词一般表达否定意义。例如： 1) He disrespected the work of others when he was young. 年轻时，他不尊重他人的劳动。 2) It is illegal to buy and sell drugs in any part of our country.在我们国家的任何地方买卖毒品都是不合法的。3) The patient disregarded his doctors advice that he should avoid alcohol.病人无视医生要他戒酒的忠告。5） It is next to impossible for us to complete the task within one week.一周内完成此项任务是不可能的。6）I am sorry, sir. This is a smoking-f