so与such的区别.doc

so与such的区别答：两者都可以表示“这样”，“如此”的意思。(1)so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。例如:I am so glad to hear from my friend.收到我朋友的信我真高兴。 He writes so well.他写得这么好。(2)such是形容词，用来修饰名词(名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)。如果修饰单数可数名词，其后需加不定冠词a或an.例如: He told us such a funny story.他给我们讲了一个这么有趣的故事。 You are interested in such things.你对这种事感兴趣。注意：当单数可数名词前面有形容词修饰时，也可以用so,但要改变冠词的位置。例如: He told us so funny a story.巧记so和such的用法：名前such,形，副so，多多少少也用so.little属特殊，“小”用such,“少”用so.说明：1.当名词前有many, much, few和little等词修饰时，要用so而不用such.如:I have had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.我摔了很多跤，以致全身青一块紫一块的。There is so little time that we cant finish work on time. 只有这么少的时间，我们无法按时完成工作。2.当little作“小的”讲，修饰名词时，其前面仍须用such,而不用so.如:They are such little children that they cant do anything.这些孩子太小了，无法做任何事情。So与such是英语中两个常用词.这两个词的用法很多,且易混淆,初学英语者往往搞不清楚,因而使用是经常出错.文本就它的一些用法作一粗浅讨论.讨论主要以分析实例进行.首先,我们应该弄清so是副词,修饰形容词和副词,在句中充当状语.Such为形容词修饰名词,在句中作定语,请看下面几个句子. The fish is so long. Dont drive so fast, its dangerous. Fred is so good a man. It was such interesting meeting. There were such a lot of people.以上句子中,句比较简单,so为副词,分别修饰形容词long和副词fast.句中的so修饰good,可用形容词such改为:Fred is such a good man.这句话和原句的意义不变,但用so要用so+adj+a/an+n.的结构来表达.用such需用such+a/an+adj+n.的结构来表达.句中仍可按的形式表达,但也可写成:The meeting was so interesting.其句意不变.句中的such也可换为so,但更据习惯搭配,应将a lot of 变为many为宜,如其后所修析的名词为不可数名词,还需将a lot of改为much.如:With such a lot of time,they should have finished their homework 用so则为:With so much time, they so have finished their homework. 因此遇到这种情况,我们可将such+a lot of+n.结构变为so+many/much+n.结构再看这样一个句子:The enemy scattered in such a hurry.可改为:The enemy scattered so hurriedly.又如: The plane flies at such a speed.则可写成:The plane flies so fast.这样的句子为such+a/an+n结构,改为so+adv结构其义不变.在sothatclause中和suchthat-clause中,我们也可参照以上的结构来进行转换.下面我再就so和such的其它用法作一讨论.先看so的一个用法:替代.I enjoyed the music and so did my wife.If my brother is allowed to go out, so should I be.0You are young, so am I I love sport. So do you.She will learn English, and so shall I, and so will her sister.A组五个句子,都表示前面的情况也适合后者的情况,但主语不指同一人.需用下面的结构表达: So+ be/have/do/助动词+主语Tomorrow will be your birthday. You are right, so it will.It was cold yesterday. Yes, so it was.Father, you promised to buy it for me. Yes, I did. I hoped to win and so I shall.B组so所引起的句子,实际上是对前面句意的重复,从语气上更加肯定前句的意思,肯定无疑,信十足.在这种句子中,主语所指相同,那么应用下面结构来表达:So+主语+be/have/do/助动词就A,B两组句子,我们不难看出,在这种结构中,so替代的不外乎三种情况:谓语,谓语的一部分或非谓语动词短语.再看such作代词的一个用法.在英语学习中,我们会碰到如下的句子: Such were the results. Such is his fate. Such are the facts.好多书中谈及such是作主语.但是,我也注意到要such之后的be是随着其后的形式而变化的.我认为似乎作表语更容易理解些.如下面的句子: Such is life. Such were his words. Such is her reward.以上三例均出自牛津现代高级英汉双解辞典,它指明such在此均作表语使用.另陕西人民出版社出版的简明英语语法也有同样的观点:Such is the power of the press; such the state of man.由此看来,such在这种句子中作表语讲要好些,从语法角度也更好解释.随后的两个问题不能称为问题，因为二者不能比较，that的位置不同，所代表的意义是完全不同的so big a bag =such a big bag一,so的常见用法1.当so作副词,修饰形容词或副词时,表示程度,意为这么,那么.如:Don t be so silly.别那么傻.He ran so fast.他跑得那么快.2.如果so后无形容词,则so不能与名词连用.如:I ve never seen so tall a child(=such a tall child).我从未见过个儿那么高的小孩.切不可以说He is so a child.但是,so little,so much可与不可数名词连用,so few,so many可与复数名词连用.如:Tom ate so much food a meal.汤姆一餐吃了那么多的食物.There re so few people in the hall.大厅里的人很少.3.Sothat 意为如此以至于,是一个常见句型,也是中考常考的句型.如:Jane s leg was so painful that she couldn t move at all.简的腿那么疼,以至于根本动不了.该句型还可以转换成So + adj.+ a/an+名词结构.如:Mike is so clever a boy that all like him.麦克这么聪明,大家都喜欢他.so that意为以便,为的是,引导目的状语从句(该目的状语通常用情态动词作谓语)如:They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really like.他们能帮助你比较两种不同的产品,以便你能买到自己真正喜欢的.so that从句还可表示结果,意为因此, 如:His pen is missing,so that he hasn t done his homework.他的笔不见了,因此他无法完成作业.4.so与动词say,tell,think,believe,suppose等连用,可以替代一个意义完整的宾语从句.如:Is she a top student in her class Yes,I think so.她是她们班最好的学生吗 是的,我想是这样.so与动词do连用,意为这样做,以避免重复前面的有关内容.而if so意为如果是这样.如:He did so in order to help her.他这样做是为了帮助她.Are you a student If so(=If you are ),may I have your name,please 你是学生吗 如果是,请问你叫什么名字 5.So + be/其他助动词/情态动词 + 主语是倒装结构,意为同样,也.这一结构在中考试题中也经常出现.如:I usually go to bed at night.So do I.我通常晚上睡觉.我也是.6.so作连词,表示结果,意为所以,因此.如:How do you like this shirt It s beautiful and it fits me well,so (that) I 1ike it very much.你喜欢这件衬衣吗 它既漂亮又很合身,因此我非常喜欢.7.not so +adj./adv.(原级)+as是一个常见的比较级句型,也是中考常考的句型,意思是不如,不及.如:The man doesn t work so hard as me.这个人工作不如我努力.二,such的常见用法1.such是限定词,常和名词连用,意为如此的,这样的.如:She is such a kind woman.她是一个如此善良的女人.Grandpa often told us such funny stories.爷爷常给我们讲这么有趣的故事.Dont go out in such bad weather.天气这么糟,不要出去。so和such的区别是：so修饰形容词或副词；such 修饰名词，例如，My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”。such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”，“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”，例如，He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。（正）It is so cold weather.（误）They are such good students. 他们是那么好的学生。（正）They are so good students. （误）如果可数名词复数前有many，few或不可数名词前有much，little修饰，用so不用such.例如，so many（如此多的）；so few（如此少的）可以加可数名词复数so much（如此多的）；so little（如此少的）可以加不可数名词so和such的区别 答：两者都可以表示“这样”，“如此”的意思。(1)so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。例如:I am so glad to hear from my friend.收到我朋友的信我真高兴。 He writes so well.他写得这么好。(2)such是形容词，用来修饰名词(名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)。如果修饰单数可数名词，其后需加不定冠词a或an.例如: He told us such a funny story.他给我们讲了一个这么有趣的故事。 You are interested in such things.你对这种事感兴趣。注意：当单数可数名词前面有形容词修饰时，也可以用so, 但要改变冠词的位置。例如: He told us so funny a story.巧记so和such的用法：名前such, 形，副so，多多少少也用so.little属特殊，“小”用such,“少”用so.说明：1.当名词前有many, much, few和little等词修饰时，要用so而不用such. 如:I have had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.我摔了很多跤，以致全身青一块紫一块的。There is so little time that we cant finish work on time. 只有这么少