冲击四级英语词汇单选练习.doc

词汇部分第一讲 易混淆的名词及名词词组I. 考点分析英语中名词词汇量比较大，对名词的全面掌握须从名词的种类、性、数、格、词意等几个方面入手。根据历年真题来看，名词考点在每次考题中大约占两题左右，而且对名词的考查并不复杂，基本上都是一些常用词的辨析，例如，2001年1月第59题中的四个备选答案affair, incident, case, event, 这些词语不难，只要了解它们的含义及在什么情况下使用，就很容易选出正确答案。下面就四级考试中所涉及到的考点进行归纳。一、名词的数1 一般地说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，没有复数形式。如advice, information, progress, work, cloth, courage, poverty, milk, butter, news, furniture, population等。如果要表示“一个”这类概念，就需要加量词，如a piece of advice, a bottle of ink等。例如：These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _ you need. (00/6/22) AA) all the information B) all of information C) all the informations D) all of the informations 2 有少数外来名词有特殊的复数形式，如phenomenonphenomena, basisbases, analysisanalyses, bacteriumbacteria, criterioncriteria, crisiscrises等。3 个别名词单复数形式一样，如Chinese, aircraft, sheep, deer, youth, series, species等。4 有些名词在使用中常用复数形式，动词也要用复数。如 scissors, trousers, pants, glasses, belongings, surroundings, savings, wages, arms, remains, contents, thanks, earnings等。但有些名词其复数形式可以表示特别的意思，如papers 文件， goods 货物，times 时代，customs 海关，关税，looks 外貌。5 有些以“-ics”结尾的表示学科的名词，其动词用单数形式，如phonetics, politics, physics, statistics等，但其前如有my , such 等限定词时，动词用复数形式。6 audience, family, group, committee, team, crew, public, stuff等表示整体时为单数，表示具体每个成员时为复数。集合名词police, people, cattle, mankind等总是用作复数。7 合成名词构成复数时通常只将所包含的主体名词变为复数，如lookers-on, sons-in-law, grand-children。如果没有主体词，可在词尾加“s”, 如grown-ups, go-betweens, drawbacks。由man和woman构成的合成词，里面所含的成分都要变为复数形式，如men teachers, woman doctors。二、 名词的所有格 有生命的名词所有格一般在单数名词后加“s”，在以 “-s” 或“-es”结尾的复数名词后加 “”，如his wifes sister, childrens book, the teachers book。另外，表示国家、城市、时间、距离，拟人的名词以及机构活动等的名词也用这种形式，如todays China Daily, a miles distance, stations waiting-room, Chinas capital。 表示无生命的名词的所有格可以用of表示，如the cover of the book, the speed of the machine。 如果是复和名词，在最后一个词上加“s”，如my brother-in-laws coat。 如果两个名词共同拥有某物时，在最后一词上加“s”，如my father and mothers friend。 在表示店铺、教堂的名字、某人的家等情况下，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如the tailors, the stationers, St. Pauls, his sisters。三、 名词作定语英语中一名词可以直接修饰另一名词作定语，在这一点上与汉语相似，如rose garden, orange juice, stone house, eye drops, food industry等。另外，由连字符构成的复和名词作定语时，既不能用复数，也不能用所属格形式。例1 I walked too much yesterday and _ are still aching now. (95/6/56) CA) my legs muscles B) my muscles of leg C) my leg muscles D) my muscles of the leg 例2 Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _ movie could not hold our attention. (96/1/31) BA) three-hours B) three-hour C) three-hours D) three-hours 四、 容易混淆的名词affair 事务； incident 偶发的事件； accident 事故; event 活动，事变alcohol 酒精； wine葡萄酒analysis 分析；comment评论border 边界; margin 页边空白; side 旁边，面; edge 刃，物体边缘channel 渠道；approach 入口，方法；route 路线cover 盖子，覆盖物; coat （漆）涂层; layer 层custom 习俗 ； customs海关deliveries 递送，交付； transfer 转移，迁移；transportation 运输discount 折扣; account 叙述，报导duty 税，custom duties（关税） ； fare （车、船等）费； fee费，酬金evolution 发展，演变；revolution革命festival 节日; ceremony 仪式; activity 活动fine 罚款; debt 债务; bill 账单footprint 脚印; footstep 脚步（声）governor 地方长官； principal负责人，校长graph 图表; photograph 照片; telegraph 电报habit 习惯; custom 风俗，习俗; hobby 业余爱好instrument 仪器; appliance 器具; apparatus 器械; equipment 装备，器材总称limit 界限; limitation 局限point点，要点；spot 污点，斑点，地点perspective 透视图，远景; prospect 前途，展望range 范围，幅度；extent 程度response 反应（对某个要求、事件或局势所采取的行动）; reaction 反应（由于所见所闻而产生的某种情感或引发的行为）; reflection 反映signature 签名； sign 标记，符号； signal 信号silence 寂静; calm 平静; peace 安静strike罢工; stroke击，报时的钟声source 来源； resource资源trace 痕迹（指人、事件等留下的迹象）； track 足迹，轨迹variation 变异，变种；adaptation适应性变化，适应作用victim受害者；witness目击者五、常用的名词搭配absence from 缺席，离开admission to 准许application for 申请application to 应用于 approach to 通往的途径；接近belief in 相信cast /throw light on 阐明某事catch ones breath 喘气catch sight of 看见combination with 与的结合comment on/upon 对的评论competition with /against 与某人竞争complaint about/of 对的抱怨concern about 对的关注contact with 与接触contribution to 对的贡献discussion on 对的讨论effect on 对的影响emphasis on/upon 着重于entrance to 进入，的入口exception to 例外excuse for 的借口exposure to 暴露于feel sympathy for sb. 对某人同情find fault with 找岔，批评gain/have an advantage over 占有优势，比强give rise to 引起，导致give way to 为让路，被取代influence on 对的影响keep pace with 跟上的步伐limit to 对的限制lose(keep) ones temper 发（忍住不发）脾气 make a fortune 发财make fun of 取笑make use of 充分利用opinion about 对的意见passion for 对的热情pay attention to 注意prejudice against sb. 对某人有偏见progress in 在的发展reaction to 对的反映reason for 的理由responsibility for 对的责任solution to 的解决办法substitute for sth. 替代物take advantage of 利用take delight in 很高兴地做take delivery of 提取take into account 考虑take the place of 取代六、 常用的名词后缀-age breakage, postage-ance, -ence assistance, confidence-er, -or painter, conductor-ery bakery, pottery, cookery-ion, -tion, -ation, -sion collection, composition, hesitation, adhesion-ism heroism, Buddhism, Communism-ist dramatist, industrialist-ment movement, development-ness darkness, happiness-logy biology, sociology-ty, -ity cruelty, purityII. 历届四级试题中的名词及名词词组：1On New Years Eve, New York City holds an outdoor _ which attracts a crowd of a million or more people. (01/1/59) A) affair B) incident C)case D) event 2. American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through televised _ from the United States. (01/1/60) A) deliveries B) transmissions C)transfer D) transportation 3. The clothes a person wears may express his _ or social position. (00/6/28) A) curiosity B) status C)determination D)significance 4. Niagara Falls is a great tourist _ , drawing millions of visitors every year. (00/1/42) A) arrangement B) attention C)attraction D) appointment 5. In a sudden _ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach. (00/1/60) A) blast B) split C) attack D) burst 6.A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough _ . (00/1/69) A) trouble B) nuisance C) worry D) anxiety 7. When people become unemployed, it is _ which is often worse than lack of wages. (99/6/54) A) poverty B) idleness C) inability D) laziness 8.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _ in the market.(99/6/59) A) barrels B) batteries C) baskets D) bargains 9. The tomato juice left brown _ on the front of my jacket. (99/1/59) A) spot B) point C) track D) trace 10. A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial _ . (98/6/47) A) mark B) feature C) trace D) appearance 11. Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very strong _ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists. (98/6/65) A) motivation B) perspective C) impression D)impact 12.The manager spoke highly of such _ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees. (98/1/57) A) virtues B) features C) properties D) characteristics 13. Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full _ . (97/6/35) A) capacity B) strength C) length D) possibility 14. The newspaper did not mention the _ of the damage caused by the fire. (97/6/40) A) range B) level C) extent D) quantity 15.Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular _ . (97/1/23) A) gaps B) rate C) length D) intervals 16. The manager lost his _ just because his secretary was ten minutes late. (97/1/39) A) mood B) temper C) mind D) passion 17. Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _ . (96/6/36) A) intention B) attempt C) purpose D) desire 18. Lightening is a _ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.(96/6/44) A) rush B) rainbow C) rack D) ribbon 19. Although I liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _ through the window. (96/1/29) A) vision B) look C) picture D) view 20.The _ of blood always makes him feel sick. (95/6/64) A) sight B) view C) look D) form 21. Medical care reform has become this countrys most important public health _ . (95/1/53) A) question B) stuff C) matter D) issue 22. The doctor told Penny that too much _ to the sun is bad for the skin. (95/1/57) A) exposure B) extension C) exhibition D) expansion 23. When she was criticized, she claimed that it was outside her _ of responsibility. (94/1/49) A) field B) limit C) extent D) range 24. I cannot give you _ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market. (93/6/43) A) an expense B) a charge C) a purchase D) an order 25. In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly _ . (93/6/60) A) gaps B) intervals C) length D) distance 26. Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _ by the judge.(93/6/66) A) service B) sentence C) crime D) crisis 27. Hitler set out to conquer all of Europe in the belief that the Germans were the master _. (93/1/53) A) race B) human C) blood D) brains 28.In previous times, when fresh meat was in short _, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food. (99/6/61) A) store B) reserve C) supply D) provision 29.My father seemed to be in no _ to look at my school report. (99/1/63) A) mood B) emotion C) attitude D)feeling 30.You see the lightening _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. (97/1/38) A) the instant B) for an instant C) on the instant D) in an instant 31.I caught a _ of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street. (96/6/50) A) vision B) glimpse C) look D) scene 32.When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of _. (95/6/63) A) reach B) hand C) hold D) place 33.The police set a _ to catch the thieves. (94/1/45) A) plan B) device C) trap D) trick 34.We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _. (93/6/63) A) out of work B) out of stock C) out of reach D) out of practice 35.You cant afford to let the situation get worse. You must take _ to put it right. (93/6/69) A) decisions B) directions C) sides D) steps III. 答案及详解1. D) 题意：新年前夜，在纽约举办的露天活动吸引了数以百万的人。 解析：affair 事务；incident 偶发的事件；case 案例；event 活动，事变2. B） 题意：英国公众是从电视转播中开始了解美国橄榄球和棒球的。 解析：deliveries 递送，交付；transmissions 转播，播送；transfer 转移，迁移；transportation 运输3. B） 题意：一个人的穿着可以表明他的身份和社会地位。 解析：curiosity 好奇心；status 身份，地位；determination 决心，果断；significance 意义，重要性4. C） 题意：尼亚加拉瀑布是一个很好的旅游景观，每年都有数以百万的游客来到这里。 解析：arrangement 计划，安排；attention 注意；attraction 吸引人的物体、景观；appointment 约会5. D）题意：这个人由于一时气恼，把所有能拿到的东西都撕碎了。解析：blast （一阵）疾风；split 裂口，裂缝；attack 攻击；burst 突发，猝起6. B）题意：许多蚂蚁经常侵扰我的厨房，他们可是十足另人讨厌的东西。 解析：trouble 麻烦，令人烦恼的事； nuisance 讨厌的人或动物； worry 烦恼，烦事；忧虑； anxiety 焦虑，焦急7. B）题意：当人们失业时，比拿不到工资更糟的是那种无所事事的感觉。 解析：poverty 贫穷；idleness 无所事事，无聊；inability 没有能力；laziness 懒惰，无精打采8. D）题意：有些人喜欢在星期天购物，因为他们希望能买到一些物美价廉的商品。 解析：barrels 桶；枪管，炮管；batteries 电池；一套餐具；baskets 篮子；bargains 廉价货；交易9. A）题意：番茄汁在我的夹克前留下了一块褐色污迹。 解析：spot 斑点，污点，缺点；point 点 ；track 行踪；轨道，跑道；trace 踪迹，足迹；痕迹10. B）题意：尖下巴是他最令人难忘的面部特征。 解析：mark 记号；feature 特点，特征；trace 痕迹，踪迹；appearance 外表，相貌11. D）题意：Taylor教授的讲话指出，对于科学家和非科学家的日常生活，科学都具有重要影响。 解析：motivation 动机；perspective 景观；视角；洞察力；impression 印象；impact 影响；效果12. A）题意：这位经理高度赞扬了员工们所表现出的诸如忠诚、勇敢、诚实等美德。 解析：virtues 美德；features 特点；properties 性能，特征，财产；characteristics 特征，特性，特点13. A）题意：没有出外工作的家庭妇女往往感觉没有充分施展自己的才能。 解析：capacity 才能，能力；strength 力量；length 长度；possibility 可能性14. C）题意：报纸没有提及这次火灾造成的损失程度。 解析：range 范围，幅度；level 水准，程度；extent 程度；quantity 数量15. D）题意：学生和老师可以每隔一段时间到海岛周围的美丽海滩去游览。 解析：gaps 缺口，缝隙，差距；rate 速度，比率；length 长度；intervals 间隔，间距16. B）题意：仅仅因为秘书迟到了10分钟，经理就发脾气了。 解析：mood 心情，情绪；语气；temper 脾气，情绪 lose ones temper 生气；mind 头脑，精神，理智；passion 激情，热情17. B）题意：Shelly 已为生物考试做了精心准备，以确保第一次就通过。 解析：intention 意图，打算；attempt 尝试，试图；purpose 目的；desire 渴望，愿望18. A）题意：闪电是电流从一块云到地面或从一块云到另一块云的急速传导。 解析：rush 急速流动（或行进）；匆忙，急忙；rainbow 彩虹；rack 架子；ribbon 丝带19. D）题意：尽管我喜欢这栋房屋的外观，但真正使我决定买它的原因是窗外美丽的风景。 解析：vision 见解，远见；look 神色；picture 图画；view 景色，风景20. A）题意：一见到血就使他感到恶心。 解析：sight 看到；view 视域；景色，风景；look （主动地，有意识地）看；form 形状，形式21. C）题意：医疗改革已成为这个国家最重要的公共健康问题。 解析：question 质疑，问题，疑问；stuff 东西，材料；matter 事情，问题；issue 有争议的问题，争端22. A）题意：医生告诉Penny在阳光下过分曝晒对皮肤有害。 解析：exposure 暴露；extension 延伸；exhibition 展览；expansion 扩展23. D）题意：当她受到批评时，她声称那件事不在她的职责范围之内。 解析：field 领域；limit 限制；extent 程度；range 范围24. D）题意：我不能订购你们所销售的那款车，因为市场上对这款车没有需求。 解析：expense 费用，花费；charge 价格，索价；purchase 购得之物；order 订购；订货；点菜 give an order for 订购25. B）题意：学生在学习高级课程时必须每隔一个月参加一次考核。 解析：gap 间隙；裂缝；interval 间歇时间。 at intervals 每隔一段时间；length 长度；distance 距离26. B）题意：法官认定那人有罪，判他重刑。 解析：service 服务，效劳；sentence 句子；判决，宣判；crime 犯罪，罪行；crisis 危机27. A）题意：西特勒进军征服欧洲所有国家，他坚信德国人是上层种族。 解析：race 种族；人类；人种；human 人，人类；blood 血，血统；brain 大脑，头脑，智能28. C）题意：以前，当生肉供应少时，人们常养鸽子来作为一种食物。 解析：in short supply “ 供应不足”29. A）题意：我父亲看起来没有心情看我的学习汇报。 解析：be in the (be in no) mood to do sth “有（没有）做的心情”30. A）题意：闪电一发生时就可以看见，但是雷声要过后才听得到。 解析：the instant “一就” 31. B）题意：我瞥见这辆出租车，但是它很快就在街角处消失了。 解析：catch a glimpse of “瞥见”32. A）题意：当有小孩子在的时候，必须把药瓶放在他们够不到的地方。 解析：out of reach “够不到，伸手不可及”33. C）题意：警察设计抓住小偷。 解析：set a trap to do sth “设圈套去做某事”34. B）题意：我们很遗憾地通知您，您订购的原料已脱销。 解析：out of work 失业；out of stock