2013年职称英语等级考试模拟题b2.doc

2013年职称英语等级考试模拟题七（理工类B级）第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. These are their motives for doing itA. reasons B. excuses C. answers D. plans2. The river widens considerably as it begins to turn westA. twists B. stretches C. broadens D. bends3. Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.A. abuse B. flavor C. temptation D. consumption4. These programmes are of immense value to old people.A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D. enormous5. A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA. maintain B. improve C. assess D. protect6. John is collaborating with Mary in writing an articleA. cooperating B. competing C. combining D. arguing7. He is determined to consolidate his powerA. strengthen B. control C. abandon D. exercise8. Many scientists have been probing psychological problemsA. solving B. exploring C. settling D. handling9. Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habitsA. removed B. cured C. worsened D. relieved10. And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factoryA. functions B. faults C. motions D. parts11. The food is insufficient for three people.A. instant B. infiniteC. inexpensive D. inadequate12. Thousands of people perished in the storm.A. died B. suffered C. floated D. scattered13. But in the end he approved of our proposalA. undoubtedly B. certainly C. ultimately D. necessarily 14. For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business.A. strange B. comple C. personal D. funny15. In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.A. evaluation B. efficiency C. production D. publicity第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean1 is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365. Using radiocarbon dating techniques, simulations and computer models, the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault. We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake, said Ms Beth Shaw, an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge, who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to determine the future possibility of similar large shocks. Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region, Ms. Shaw said. The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300, which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years, she added in a telephone interview. Ms. Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion, she said. Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would produce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa, the southern coast of Greece5 and Sicily6 all the way up the Adriati to Dubrovnik. This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta, likely killing tens of thousands of people, she said.16. The fault, which was overlooked before, has been closely studied by scientists.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. It is fun to identify the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami. A Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Radiocarbon dating techniques can be used to identify the age of the earth. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. Scientists predict that the next powerful earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean may take place some time before 2100. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. Ms. Shaw has her colleagues help her in the study of earthquake prediction. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. Ms. Shaw measured the movement of either side of the fault to identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD 365. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms. Shaw are being widely used in the world. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease. The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet growsbut never gets as big as the other dropletand eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke. The technique exploits the fact that surface tensionthe tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separatingbecomes more important at small scales. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water. Although the amount of energy produced is small20 microwattsit is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor. The whole setup is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine, it would be too million times more powerful than a Toyota Camrys 225 horsepower V6 engine. In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor, which was 100 microns across, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettls group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory. Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside your body to find disease and repair damaged cells.23. Paragraph 2 24. Paragraph 4 25. Paragraph 5 26. Paragraph 6 A. An Introduction of a Toyotas 225 Horsepower V6 EngineB. A Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and Size C. Surface TensionD. Previous Inventions of Nanoscale ProductsE. The Working Principle of the Nanomotor F. Possible Fields of Application in the Future27. Doctors envision that the nanomotor would travel through human bodies to . 28. Surface tension means the tendency of atoms or molecules to . 29. Nanoconveyors could be used to . 30. Applying a small electric current causes atoms to .A. remove disease B. resist separating C. shuffle between two molten metal droplets D. power nanornachines E. sop up molecules from the large droplet F. transport nanoscale objects第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Invisibility RingScientists cant yet make an invisibility cloak (斗篷) like the one that Harry Potter uses. But，for the first time，theyve constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and something placed inside it invisible to microwaves.When a person “sees” an object，his or her eye senses many different waves of visible light as they bounce off the object. The eye and brain then work together to organize these sensations and reconstruct the objects original shape. So，to make an object invisible，scientists have to keep waves from bouncing off it. And they have to make sure the object casts no shadow. Otherwise，the absence of reflected light on one side would give the object away.Invisibility isnt possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see. But it is now possible with microwaves. Like visible light，microwaves are a form of radiant energy. They are part of the electromagnetic spectrum (电磁波频谱), which also includes radio waves，infrared light，ultraviolet rays，X rays，and gamma rays. The wavelengths of microwaves are shorter than those of radio waves but longer than those of visible light.The scientists new “invisibility device” is the size of a drink coaster and shaped like a ring. The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability. When microwaves (微波) strike the ring，very few bounce off it. Instead，they pass through the ring，which bends the waves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. The waves then return to their original paths.To a detector set up to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring，it looks as if the waves never changed their paths as if there were no object in the way! So，the ring is effectively invisible.When the researchers put a small copper loop inside the ring，it，too，is nearly invisible. However，the cloaking device and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow. And the device works only for microwaves，not for visible light or any kind of electromagnetic radiation. So, Harry Potters invisibility cloak doesnt have any real competition yet.31. Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage, because scientistsA. can now make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses.B. try to make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses.C. try to invent a device similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses.D. know that it is possible to make an invisible cloak of the same kind.32. What is true of microwaves?A. Their wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light.B. Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light.C. They are different from visible light as they are a kind of radiant energy.D. They are visible to the human eye.33. What is NOT true of the invisibility device?A. It is made of a special material with unusual ability.B. Microwaves bounce off it when they strike it.C. Microwaves pass through it when they strike it.D. It bends the microwaves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. 34. What does the word “coaster” mean in the passage?A. A disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top.B. A vessel engaged in coastal trade.C. A roller coaster.D. A resident of a coastal area.35. Harry Potters invisibility cloak doesnt have any real competition yet, becauseA. scientists have not found out how his cloak works.B. the cloaking device is a total failure.C. the cloaking device works only for microwaves.D. the cloaking device works only for visible light.第二篇Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk DriversA concept car developed by Japanese company Nissan has a breathalyzer-like detection system and other instruments that could help keep drunk or over tired drivers off the road.The cars sensors (传感器) check odors inside the car and monitor a drivers sweat for traces of alcohol. An in-car computer system can issue an alert or even lock up the ignition (点火) system if the driver seems over-the-limit. The air odor (气味) sensors are fixed firmly and deeply in the driverand passenger seats，while a detector in the gear-shift knob measures perspiration from the drivers palm.Other carmakers have developed similar detection systems. For example，Swedens Volvo has developed a breathalyzer attached to a cars seat belt that drivers must blow into before the engine will start.Nissans new concept vehicle (交通工具) also includes a dashboard-mounted camera that tracks a drivers alertness by monitoring their eyes. It will sound an alarm and issue a spoken warning in Japanese or English if it judges that the driver needs to pull over and rest.The car technology is still in development，but general manager Kazuhiro Doi says the combination of different detection systems should improve the overall effectiveness of the technology. “For example，if the gear-shift sensor was bypassed (迂回) by a passenger using it instead of the driver，the facial recognition system would still be used,” Doi says. Nissan has no specific timetable for marketing the system，but aims to use technology to cut the number of fatalities involving its vehicles to half 1995 levels by 2015.The cars seat belt can also tighten if drowsiness is detected，while an external camera checks that the car is keeping to its lane properly. However，Doi admits that some of the technology，such as the alcohol odor sensor，should be improved. “If you drink one beer，its going to register，so we need to study whats the appropriate level for the system to activate,” he says.In the UK, some research groups are using similar advanced techniques to understand driver behavior and the effectiveness (效力) of different road designs.36. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Japanese concept careA. It has a sensor system that could issue a warning if the driver is drunk.B. It has sensors that detect traces of alcohol inside the car.C. It has sensors locked up in the ignition system.D. It has a breathalyzer-like detection system.37. What has Volvo developed?A. The same detection system mentioned in the previous paragraph.B. A breathalyzer attached to a cars seat belt.C. A smart car seat belt.D. An intelligent engine.38. What is the function of the camera mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. It monitors the drivers eyes to see if he needs a rest.B. It judges if the driver wants to pull over.C. It judges if the driver wants to take a rest.D. It issues an alarm when the driver speaks.39. According to Doi, A. the overall effectiveness of the detection technology has improved.B. Nissan is making a timetable to market the detection system.C. it is impossible to improve the overall effectiveness of the detection system.D. Nissan aims to improve the detection technology to reduce the fatality rate.40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 6?A. An external camera checks that the car is going properly.B. The car will automatically keep to its lane.C. The seat belt will tighten when the driver is found drowsy.D. The technology of the alcohol odor sensor should be improved. 第三篇Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox, the common cold, the flu, and AIDS have in common? Theyre all disease caused by viruses，tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. Its no wonder that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of viruses is whats on peoples minds.Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though. In Cambridge, Massachusetts, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work, teaching them to build some of the worlds smallest rechargeable batteries.Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but theyre not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge，she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries，the scientists combine what they know about biology，technology and production techniques.Belchers team includes Paula Hammond，who helps put together the tiny batteries，and Yet-Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. “Were working on things we traditionally dont associate with nature,” says Hammond.Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A，C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year, new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink，ordinary bakeries wont be small enough to fit inside.The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now，Belchers model battery，a metallic disk completely built by viruses，looks like a regular watch battery. But inside，its components are very small-so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size，pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is-pretty thin，right? Although the width of each persons hair is a bit different，you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts，side to side，across one hair. These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses.41. According to the first paragraph，people try to A. kill microorganisms related to chicken pox，the flu，etc.B. keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible.C. stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.D. cure themselves of virus-related diseases by taking medicines.42. What is Belchers team doing at present? A. It is finding ways to get rid of viruses. B. It is mass-producing microbatteries.C. It is making batteries with vir