鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田HH12P37井钻井工程设计毕业论文.doc

鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田HH12P37井钻井工程设计目 录1.设计依据12.地质概况23.钻井主要设备54.井身结构设计55.井眼轨道设计66.专用工具及仪器设备137.钻具组合、钻进参数及主要措施138.推荐钻头及水力参数设计179.套管强度设计1810.钻柱强度校核1911.钻进目的层技术措施2012.测量方案及轨迹计算方法2013.井身质量2214.井控要求2215.环境保护2716.钻井液设计2917.固井设计3718.重点施工措施4119.设备管理要点4420.安全技术管理的几项规定4421.施工进度预测4522.钻井主要材料计划4623.钻井资料提交461.设计依据1.1 HH12P37井钻井地质设计1.2 HH12P37井主要的引用标准、规范和规定（1）SY/T 5431-2008 井身结构设计方法（2）SY/T 5088-2008 钻井井身质量控制规范（3）SY/T 5234-2004 优选参数钻井基本方法及应用（4）SY/T 5964-2006 钻井井控装置组合配套安装调试与维护（5）SY/T 6426-2005 钻井井控技术规程（6）SY/T 5480-2007 固井设计规范（7）SY/T 5955-2004 定向井井身轨迹质量（8）SY/T 6276-2010 石油天然气工业健康、安全与环境管理体系（9）SY/T 5435-2003 定向井轨道设计与轨道计算（10）SY/T 5172-2007 直井井眼轨迹控制技术规范（11）Q/SH 0082-2007 水平井钻井工程设计要求（12）井控管理规定与实施细则（华北分公司2011年修订）（13）钻井井控实施细则（华北分公司2011年修订）（14）中国石油化工集团公司石油与天然气井井控管理规定（试行）1.3邻井钻井资料及镇泾油田水平井实钻资料根据邻井实钻情况，该井在钻入第四系时注意防塌、防涌；白垩系、侏罗系时加密对井斜角测量防止井斜；在华池组至洛河组井段防缩径卡钻；直罗组砂岩层防涌水、泥岩防剥落造成卡钻；在环河组可能有盐层发育，提前做好钻井液处理，防止缩径卡钻；延安组控制好钻井液密度防止煤层防掉块、井壁坍塌；本井位于裂缝发育区，钻进过程中防止井漏、井涌、井喷等复杂事故发生。2.地质概况2.1 钻井性质:开发井（水平井）2.2 井口位置2.2.1 地理位置：甘肃省镇原县屯字镇太阳村孙岒组，井口位于红河157井井口1882510方向735.71m处。2.2.2 构造位置：鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷南端。2.3 坐标：井口及A靶点、B靶点坐标，见表1。表1 HH12P37井口、A和B靶点坐标XY井口3941589.5336449671.94A靶点3941203.1636449775.47B靶点3939657.6736450189.58* A、B靶点海拔采用井口海拔高度1252.21m（为放样数据）。* A、B靶点目的层均为长812油层，由于地下地质情况不确定性强，预测的深度和厚度与实际可能存在误差，在实钻过程中要加强对比，及时进行校正。2.4 设计井深设计井深3837.95m；设计垂深：1987.71 m2.5 设计方位 设计方位为1652.6 目的层位三叠系延长组长812。2.7 完钻层位水平段：三叠系延长组长812 2.8 完钻原则水平段钻达设计B靶点，目的层水平段长1600m。2.9 完井方式裸眼完井（预置管柱）2.10 地层压力预测根据镇泾油田邻井HH373井DST资料，压力系数取0.936，介于0.9至1.07之间，预测本井钻遇长812目的层地层压力为18.4MPa，预测本井为常压井。2.11 井控及硫化氢风险提示根据周围井资料，本井压力系数取0.936，地层压力系数分级为常压井，但在钻井过程中要注意防范井底压力突然大幅增加所带来的风险。镇泾油田HH37P3井在实钻过程中，延长组长8油层有H2S产出，含量为30mg/m3（20PPm）150mg/m3（100PPm）之间，井控风险分类为危害井，因此在钻至延长组后施工单位实时监测H2S，发现有H2S溢出，立即启动防H2S应急预案。2.12 地理及环境资料（1）气象资料该地区气温年较差和日较差较大，最高温度可达37.2，最低温度可降到-20.8，年平均气温712，年平均降水量为4001000mm，且大都集中于79月份。春夏多吹东南风，秋冬多吹西北风，风力一般为二至三级，最大七至八级。（2）地形地物区内人口众多，为农业大县。属黄土塬复杂地形，海拔10541486m，塬、梁、茆、沟纵横交错，地形高差数米至数百米。主要河流有茹河、洪河、泾河，并发育有支流。区内县城之间、县乡之间有公路贯穿，交通较为便利。2.13 钻遇地层预测 HH12P37井钻遇地层预测见表2。表2 HH12P37井钻遇地层预测简表地 层垂深(m)垂厚(m)海拔(m)岩 性 描 述系统组段油层组第四系全新统2242241028.21上部灰黄色粘土层，下部棕色砾石层。白垩系下统志丹群罗汉洞组28460968.21棕黄、棕色细、中、粗砂岩与褐色泥岩呈不等厚互层。环河组674390578.21灰色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩夹灰色泥质粉砂岩、细砂岩，局部具石膏薄层。华池组859185393.21灰褐、灰色泥岩与棕褐色泥质粉砂岩、灰褐色中砂岩呈不等厚互层。洛河-宜君组1110251142.21棕、棕灰色中砂岩与褐色泥岩呈略等厚互层。侏罗系中统安定组1384274-131.79中、上部紫褐色泥岩、褐色泥灰岩与棕灰色中砂岩呈略等厚互层；下部为棕灰色中砂岩与褐、紫褐色泥岩呈等厚互层。直罗组1535151-282.79上部为绿灰、灰色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩与浅灰色细砂岩呈略等厚互层；下部为大套浅灰色细、粗砂岩与绿灰、紫褐色泥岩呈略等厚互层。下统延安组1682147-429.79深灰、灰黑色泥岩与灰色粉、细砂岩呈略等厚互层，夹多层煤。三叠系上统延长组第三段长61883201-630.79上部深灰色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩与灰色粉、细砂岩略等厚互层；中部浅灰、灰褐色中、细砂岩与深灰色泥质岩略等厚互层；下部深灰色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩与灰色粉、细砂岩略不等厚互层。长71984.21101.21-732上部深灰色、灰黑泥岩夹灰色细砂岩；下部深灰、灰黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩及浅灰、灰褐色细砂岩互层；底部为黑色泥页岩第二段长81119938.79-740.79浅灰、灰色细砂岩、粉砂岩与深灰、灰黑色泥岩互层。长8122004.21(A靶点)11.21-752浅灰色粉、细砂岩，夹泥质条带。1987.71(B靶点) -16.5-735.5浅灰色粉、细砂岩。注：1、表中垂深、A靶点、B靶点均从地面起算，且均采用井口海拔1252.21m（为放样数据）；3.钻井主要设备ZJ-40钻机及相应的配套设备。4.井身结构设计根据本井钻井地质设计及SY/T5431-2008井身结构设计方法进行本井井身结构和套管程序设计。一开采用374.7mm钻头钻至331m，下273mm表层套管封固第四系黄土层，表层套管下深进入基岩2050m且不少300m，同时考虑到后期测井需要，满足测井一次对接成功。表层套管采用常规固井工艺，要求水泥浆返至地面，保证固井质量。二开先采用241.3mm钻头钻至造斜点，然后采用215.9mm钻头钻至A点，下177.8mm技术套管固井，为三开水平段安全施工提供有利条件，降低水平段施工风险。固井按生产套管固井实施，采用一次注水泥双凝水泥浆体系全井封固固井工艺，尾浆返至油层顶界以上200.0m，低密度水泥浆返至井口。三开水平段采用152.4mm钻头钻至设计B靶点，裸眼完井。井身结构与套管程序设计见表3和图1。表3 井身结构和套管程序设计表 开数井眼尺寸井深套管尺寸下深水泥返高一开374.7mm 331m 273.05mm 330m地面二开241.3mm 1630m177.8mm 2237.87m地面215.9mm 2237.87m三开152.4mm 3837.95m裸眼完井（预置管柱） 备注：钻至A靶点后继续向前水平钻进30m作为测井口袋。图1 HH12P37井井身结构设计图5.井眼轨道设计5.1轨道设计参考行业规范SY/T 5435-2003定向井轨道设计与轨道计算，井眼轨道设计以有利于安全钻井、提高机械钻速、降低摩阻、着陆点的控制和水平段井眼轨迹调整为原则，兼顾后期预置管柱下入及采油作业。实际钻井过程中，根据施工情况施工单位可对造斜点井深，造斜段造斜率做适当调整，但要保证井眼轨迹平滑，保证A点符合地质设计和补充地质设计要求。5.1.1 HH12P37井井身剖面设计（见表4，表5，表6）表4 HH12P37井轨道参数井号：HH12P37轨道类型：直-增-稳-增-平井深：3837.95m井底垂深 m井底闭合距 m井底闭合方位 造斜点 m最大井斜角 1987.712000.00165.00163090.59磁倾角 磁场强度 T磁偏角 收敛角 方位修正角 54.2053.15-3.21-0.32-2.79井口：X=3941589.53,Y=36449671.94靶A X=3941203.16,Y=36449775.47,垂深:2004.21m闭合距:400m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A1 X=3941106.56,Y=36449801.35,垂深:2003.18m闭合距:500m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A2 X=3941009.97,Y=36449827.24,垂深:2002.15m闭合距:600m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A3 X=3940913.38,Y=36449853.12,垂深:2001.12m闭合距:700m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A4 X=3940816.79,Y=36449879.00,垂深:2000.09m闭合距:800m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A5 X=3940720.19,Y=36449904.88,垂深:1999.06m闭合距:900m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A6 X=3940623.60,Y=36449930.76,垂深:1998.03m闭合距:1000m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A7 X=3940527.01,Y=36449956.64,垂深:1997.00m闭合距:1100m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A8 X=3940430.42,Y=36449982.53,垂深:1995.97m闭合距:1200m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A9 X=3940333.82,Y=36450008.41,垂深:1994.94m闭合距:1300m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A10 X=3940237.23,Y=36450034.29,垂深:1993.91m闭合距:1400m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A11 X=3940140.64,Y=36450060.17,垂深:1992.88m闭合距:1500m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A12 X=3940044.04,Y=36450086.05,垂深:1991.85m闭合距:1600m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A13 X=3939947.45,Y=36450111.94,垂深:1990.82m闭合距:1700m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A14 X=3939850.86,Y=36450137.82,垂深:1989.79m闭合距:1800m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶A15 X=3939754.27,Y=36450163.70,垂深:1988.76m闭合距:1900m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m靶B X=3939657.67,Y=36450189.58,垂深:1987.71m闭合距:2000m闭合方位:165靶半高:1.5m靶半宽:10m备注：本井地磁参数计算时间2012年8月1日，计算软件为Landmark 2003 IGRF2010表5 HH12P37井井身剖面设计井深m井斜角方位角垂深m水平位移m南北m东西m造斜率/30m备注0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.0001,630.000.000.001,630.000.000.000.000.000造斜点2,036.2865.01165.001,954.56206.79-199.7453.524.8002,071.0165.01165.001,969.23238.26-230.1561.670.0002,237.8790.59165.002,004.21400.00-386.37103.534.600A2,337.8790.59165.002,003.18500.00-482.96129.410.000A12,437.8890.59165.002,002.15600.00-579.56155.290.000A22,537.8890.59165.002,001.12700.00-676.15181.170.000A32,637.8990.59165.002,000.09800.00-772.74207.060.000A42,737.8990.59165.001,999.06900.00-869.33232.940.000A52,837.9090.59165.001,998.031000.00-965.93258.820.000A62,937.9090.59165.001,997.001100.00-1,062.52284.700.000A73,037.9190.59165.001,995.971200.00-1,159.11310.580.000A83,137.9190.59165.001,994.941300.00-1,255.70336.460.000A93,237.9290.59165.001,993.911400.00-1,352.30362.350.000A103,337.9390.59165.001,992.881500.00-1,448.89388.230.000A113,437.9390.59165.001,991.851600.00-1,545.48414.110.000A123,537.9490.59165.001,990.821700.00-1,642.07439.990.000A133,637.9490.59165.001,989.791800.00-1,738.67465.870.000A143,737.9590.59165.001,988.761900.00-1,835.26491.760.000A153,738.2390.60165.001,988.761900.29-1,835.54491.831.2003,837.9590.60165.001,987.712000.00-1,931.85517.640.000B表6 HH12P37井井眼轨道各点数据井深m井斜角方位角闭合方位垂深m水平位移m南北m东西m造斜率/30m备注0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.0001,630.000.000.000.001,630.000.000.000.000.000造斜点1,650.003.20165.00165.001,649.990.56-0.540.144.8001,680.008.00165.00165.001,679.843.48-3.370.904.8001,710.0012.80165.00165.001,709.348.90-8.602.304.8001,740.0017.60165.00165.001,738.2816.76-16.194.344.8001,770.0022.40165.00165.001,766.4627.02-26.106.994.8001,800.0027.20165.00165.001,793.6939.60-38.2510.254.8001,830.0032.00165.00165.001,819.7654.41-52.5614.084.8001,860.0036.80165.00165.001,844.5171.36-68.9318.474.8001,890.0041.60165.00165.001,867.7590.31-87.2423.374.8001,920.0046.40165.00165.001,889.32111.15-107.3628.774.8001,950.0051.20165.00165.001,909.08133.71-129.1634.614.8001,980.0056.00165.00165.001,926.88157.85-152.4740.864.8002,010.0060.80165.00165.001,942.59183.40-177.1547.474.8002,036.2865.01165.00165.001,954.56206.79-199.7453.524.8002,040.0065.01165.00165.001,956.13210.16-203.0054.390.0002,070.0065.01165.00165.001,968.81237.35-229.2661.430.0002,071.0165.01165.00165.001,969.23238.26-230.1561.670.0002,100.0069.45165.00165.001,980.45264.99-255.9668.584.6002,130.0074.05165.00165.001,989.85293.47-283.4775.964.6002,160.0078.65165.00165.001,996.92322.62-311.6283.504.6002,190.0083.25165.00165.002,001.64352.23-340.2391.174.6002,220.0087.85165.00165.002,003.97382.14-369.1298.904.6002,237.8790.59165.00165.002,004.21400.00-386.37103.534.600A2,250.0090.59165.00165.002,004.09412.13-398.09106.670.0002,280.0090.59165.00165.002,003.78442.13-427.07114.430.0002,310.0090.59165.00165.002,003.47472.13-456.04122.200.0002,337.8790.59165.00165.002,003.18500.00-482.96129.410.000A12,340.0090.59165.00165.002,003.16502.13-485.02129.960.0002,370.0090.59165.00165.002,002.85532.13-513.99137.720.0002,400.0090.59165.00165.002,002.54562.12-542.97145.490.0002,430.0090.59165.00165.002,002.23592.12-571.95153.250.0002,437.8890.59165.00165.002,002.15600.00-579.56155.290.000A22,460.0090.59165.00165.002,001.92622.12-600.92161.020.0002,490.0090.59165.00165.002,001.61652.12-629.90168.780.0002,520.0090.59165.00165.002,001.30682.12-658.88176.550.0002,537.8890.59165.00165.002,001.12700.00-676.15181.170.000A32,550.0090.59165.00165.002,001.00712.12-687.85184.310.0002,580.0090.59165.00165.002,000.69742.11-716.83192.070.0002,610.0090.59165.00165.002,000.38772.11-745.80199.840.0002,637.8990.59165.00165.002,000.09800.00-772.74207.060.000A42,640.0090.59165.00165.002,000.07802.11-774.78207.600.0002,670.0090.59165.00165.001,999.76832.11-803.76215.370.0002,700.0090.59165.00165.001,999.45862.11-832.73223.130.0002,730.0090.59165.00165.001,999.14892.11-861.71230.890.0002,737.8990.59165.00165.001,999.06900.00-869.33232.940.000A52,760.0090.59165.00165.001,998.83922.11-890.69238.660.0002,790.0090.59165.00165.001,998.52952.10-919.66246.420.0002,820.0090.59165.00165.001,998.21982.10-948.64254.190.0002,837.9090.59165.00165.001,998.031,000.00-965.93258.820.000A62,850.0090.59165.00165.001,997.911,012.10-977.61261.950.0002,880.0090.59165.00165.001,997.601,042.10-1,006.59269.720.0002,910.0090.59165.00165.001,997.291,072.10-1,035.57277.480.0002,937.9090.59165.00165.001,997.001,100.00-1,062.52284.700.000A72,940.0090.59165.00165.001,996.981,102.10-1,064.54285.240.0002,970.0090.59165.00165.001,996.671,132.09-1,093.52293.010.0003,000.0090.59165.00165.001,996.361,162.09-1,122.50300.770.0003,030.0090.59165.00165.001,996.051,192.09-1,151.47308.540.0003,037.9190.59165.00165.001,995.971,200.00-1,159.11310.580.000A83,060.0090.59165.00165.001,995.741,222.09-1,180.45316.300.0003,090.0090.59165.00165.001,995.431,252.09-1,209.42324.060.0003,120.0090.59165.00165.001,995.121,282.09-1,238.40331.830.0003,137.9190.59165.00165.001,994.941,300.00-1,255.70336.460.000A93,150.0090.59165.00165.001,994.821,312.08-1,267.38339.590.0003,180.0090.59165.00165.001,994.511,342.08-1,296.35347.360.0003,210.0090.59165.00165.001,994.201,372.08-1,325.33355.120.0003,237.9290.59165.00165.001,993.911,400.00-1,352.30362.350.000A103,240.0090.59165.00165.001,993.891,402.08-1,354.31362.880.0003,270.0090.59165.00165.001,993.581,432.08-1,383.28370.650.0003,300.0090.59165.00165.001,993.271,462.08-1,412.26378.410.0003,330.0090.59165.00165.001,992.961,492.08-1,441.23386.180.0003,337.9390.59165.00165.001,992.881,500.00-1,448.89388.230.000A113,360.0090.59165.00165.001,992.651,522.07-1,470.21393.940.0003,390.0090.59165.00165.001,992.341,552.07-1,499.19401.710.0003,420.0090.59165.00165.001,992.031,582.07-1,528.16409.470.0003,437.9390.59165.00165.001,991.851,600.00-1,545.48414.110.000A123,450.0090.59165.00165.001,991.731,612.07-1,557.14417.230.0003,480.0090.59165.00165.001,991.421,642.07-1,586.11425.000.0003,510.0090.59165.00165.001,991.111,672.07-1,615.09432.760.0003,537.9490.59165.00165.001,990.821,700.00-1,642.07439.990.000A133,540.0090.59165.00165.001,990.801,702.06-1,644.07440.530.0003,570.0090.59165.00165.001,990.491,732.06-1,673.04448.290.0003,600.0090.59165.00165.001,990.181,762.06-1,702.02456.050.0003,630.0090.59165.00165.001,989.871,792.06-1,731.00463.820.0003,637.9490.59165.00165.001,989.791,800.00-1,738.67465.870.000A143,660.0090.59165.00165.001,989.561,822.06-1,759.97471.580.0003,690.0090.59165.00165.001,989.251,852.06-1,788.95479.350.0003,720.0090.59165.00165.001,988.941,882.05-1,817.92487.110.0003,737.9590.59165.00165.001,988.761,900.00-1,835.26491.760.000A153,738.2390.60165.00165.001,988.761,900.29-1,835.54491.831.2003,750.0090.60165.00165.001,988.631,912.05-1,846.90494.880.0003,780.0090.60165.00165.001,988.321,942.05-1,875.88502.640.0003,810.0090.60165.00165.001,988.001,972.05-1,904.85510.400.0003,837.9590.60165.00165.001,987.712,000.00-1,931.85517.640.000B根据钻遇层位情况,调整轨迹,并经地质确认进行A靶点着陆及水平段施工，HH12P37井设计垂直剖面图和水平投影图（图2，图3）图2 HH12P37井垂直剖面图图3 HH12P37井水平投影图6.专用工具及仪器设备专用工具配套由定向服务方根据井身结构和工艺要求自行配置。7.钻具组合、钻进参数及主要措施7.1 开钻前要求：7.1.1 严格按要求安装设备，达到平、稳、正、全、灵、牢，调整转盘、天车、井口中心在同一铅垂线上，偏差小于10mm，正常试运转2h，并经验收合格后，方可正式开钻。7.1.2 开钻前要认真贯彻设计，对地质、工程、钻井液、固井、完井等设计进行技术交底，贯彻重点技术措施，并按设计要求做好开钻前的各项准备工作。7.1.3 要求地面三级净化设备配备齐全，包括振动筛2台、除砂器1台、除泥器1台。7.1.4 开钻前挖好一个深2.53m直径2m的圆井，下入0.508m2.5m（直径下深）的铁桶，环空用水泥混凝土固好，钻台底至沉砂池的排浆循环坑要用水泥抹好。钻台底四周要用水泥抹平，保证一开排浆畅通，以防基础坍塌，不均匀下沉。7.2一开井段：7.2.1 井 段：0.00331m7.2.2 地 层：第四系、罗汉洞组、环河组上部7.2.3 井斜角：17.2.4 推荐钻具组合：塔式钻具组合374.7mm钻头+203.2mm无磁钻铤9m+203.2mm钻铤45m+177.8mm钻铤27m+158.8mm钻铤54m +127mm斜坡钻杆7.2.5 推荐钻进参数：钻压 20150 kN，转速 5070 r/min，排量 3540 L/s7.2.6 主要措施：（1）为了保证井身质量,开孔吊打,轻压钻进,逐渐加深后转入正常钻进,每钻完一个单根洗井23分钟,修整井壁。（2）上部地层松软,钻时快,易垮塌,防止沉砂卡钻,接单根时要不断开转盘活动钻具。（3）钻达设计井深331m后,加重泥浆维持井壁稳定,下套管前大排量循环洗井两周以上,进行短起下钻,确保井眼畅通,顺利下套管、固井。（4）起钻投测电子多点，计算井眼轨迹数据。7.3 二开直井段：7.3.1 井 段：331-1630m7.3.2 地 层：白垩系、侏罗系安定组、直罗组、延安组下部。7.3.3 井斜角：3，直井段水平位移小于30m。7.3.4 推荐钻具组合：(1)螺杆钻具组合：241.3mmPDC钻头+165mm螺杆*0.75 8.5m+178mm无磁钻铤9m +MWD+411*4A10接头+158.8mm无磁钻铤9m+158.8mm钻铤63m+127mm加重钻杆135m+127mm斜坡钻杆 (2)钟摆钻具组合：241.3mm钻头+177.8mm无磁钻铤9m+177.8mm钻铤9m+238mm稳定器+177.8mm钻铤36m +158.8mm钻铤27m+127.0mm加重钻杆30根127.0mm斜坡钻杆7.3.5 推荐钻进参数：（1）使用牙轮钻头钻进钻压 180200 kN， 转速 70-120r/min， 排量 30 l/s。（2）使用PDC钻头钻进钻压 80100 kN， 转速 40+螺杆r/min， 排量 30 l/s。7.3.6 主要措施：(1)开眼要直,钻水泥与地层交界面时容易打斜，钻压一定要小，待钻铤全部进入新地层后再正常加压钻进。二开后的第一只钻头开始50m钻进要求用小于80kN钻压钻进。(2)上部地层易吸水膨胀,形成厚泥饼阻卡,必须坚持短程起下钻制度,保证起下钻畅通。每钻进20030Om(或纯钻时间3540h),短程起下钻一次。起钻过程中如有遇阻要反复拉井壁或划眼,直到畅通无阻后再下钻到井底继续钻进。每钻完一个单根先上提划眼一次后再接单根。(3)钻进时,要求送钻均匀,钻压和转速在设备能力允许范围内尽量按设计要求执行,不能猛增猛减。如有蹩跳等情况时,应优选合适的钻压、转速。(4)严格控制起下钻速度,防止抽吸压力或激动压力造成井涌、井塌、井漏等井下复杂事故。(5)钻进时,要做到早开泵、慢开泵、晚停泵,每次起钻前充分循环钻井液,保持井眼干净,以减少井下复杂情况。(6)起钻时应连续向环空灌浆,若灌入量大于或小于应灌入量,均应停止起钻作业,进行观察,如有溢流,应及时关井求压。下钻时若井口返出钻井液异常,应立即停止作业,先小排量开泵循环,待正常后再继续下钻。起完钻要及时下钻,检修设备时必须保持井眼内有一定数量的钻具。(7)为确保直井段井身质量,坚持按要求进行单点测斜监控。监测要求：每钻进50150m测斜一次，计算井眼轨迹。严格控制井斜角、水平位移在设计要求的范围内,直井段水平位移小于30m,若发现有超标趋势,及时采取吊打或定向纠斜等措施。(8)加强钻具管理,建立健全钻具记录,严禁带伤钻具入井,接头在井下工作300h,必须更换。起钻时应错扣检查钻具。凡下井钻具、接头、工具,井队技术员应做好记录,绘好草图。（9）起钻前，要充分调整好泥浆性能，并循环好为定向造斜钻进作好井眼准备。7.4 二开斜井段7.4.1 井段：16302237.87m7.4.2 地层：延安组、延长组7.4.3 井斜角：090.59 造斜率：4.8 /30m、 4.6/30m。7.4.4 推荐钻具组合：（1）定向钻具组合（井斜角45）：215.9mm钻头+172mm1.5单弯动力钻具8m +4114A10单流阀+158.8mm无磁钻铤9m+MWD +158.8mm钻铤18m+ 4A11410接头+127mm加重钻杆200m+127mm斜坡钻杆（2）定向钻具组合（井斜角45）：215.9mm钻头+172mm1.5单弯动力钻具8m+4114A10单流阀+158.8mm无磁钻铤9m+MWD短节+ 4A11410接头+127mm无磁承压钻杆9.6m+127mm斜坡钻杆+127mm加重钻杆200m+127mm斜坡钻杆7.4.5 推荐钻进参数： （1）复合钻进： 钻压 50100kN 转速：螺杆+30 r/min 排量 30L/s（2）定向钻进： 泵压 1618MPa 压差 23MPa 排量 30L/s7.4.6 主要措施：（1）下钻遇阻不超过l00kN,禁止硬砸硬压,以冲通为主,特别是下钻到造斜点时,严格控制下钻速度，防止把钻头和稳定器塞入小井眼中,造成卡钻事故。（2）调整和维护好泥浆性能,使流动性、润滑性、携岩性、抑制性、防塌性都达到最佳状态。并严格使用四级净化装置,坚持使用离心分离机。（3）若井下情况复杂,需要进行通井和划眼时,原则上采用上一趟钻具结构,如因实际情况必须改变钻具结构时,钻具的钢性必须小于上趟钻具的钢性,且有正、倒划眼的能力。（4）进行短