人教版选修七Unit One 基础知识回扣(原创).doc

选修七 Unit One Living well 基础知识回扣 . Reading: Martys story R1356一语言点：1ambition: 志向，抱负，雄心/野心c/u achieve /realize ones ambition实现某人的夙愿ambitious: adj. 有志气的；有野心的He is a man of ambition. = He is full of /filled with ambition. 他是个有志向的人。Her ambition is to become a film star.她一心追求的是做电影明星。have an ambition to do sth /of doing sth= be ambitious to do sth/of doing sth有做的志向或野心；渴望做某事have an ambition for sth = be ambitious for sth 有的志向/野心；渴望得到He has an ambition for power. = He is ambitious for power.他怀有权利的野心。2. suitable: adj. 适合的；适宜的：be suitable for=be fit for 适合 This toy（玩具）is suitable/fit for children.be suitable to do sth=be fit to do sth 适合做 The food is not suitable /fit to eat.He is suitable /fit for the job.= He is suitable/fit to do the job. 他适合干这份工作。3. benefit: vt./vi. (使)受益：A benefit B=B benefit from Abenefit: n.益处，好处c/u：for ones benefit=for the benefit of sb为了的利益beneficial: adj. 有益的，受益的: be beneficial to sb/sth=be of benefit to sb/sth对有益Sunshine benefits plants. = Plants benefit from sunshine. 阳光使植物受益。Fresh air is beneficial to our health.= Fresh air is of benefit to our health. 新鲜空气有益于我们的健康。4. adapt: (1) vt./vi.(使)适应: adapt (oneself ) to (doing) sth= adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth 改编，改写（rewrite）: adapt A for B ：把A 改编为/成B 对比：adapt A from B ：A从B改编而来，A由B改编而成： (2)adaptation: n. 适应；改编（本） adaptable: adj. 能适应的;可改编的(3)辨析：adapt & adopt:adopt: vt. (1)采用，采纳：adopt a suggestion采纳建议 (2)收养：adopt a girl 收养一个女孩 an adopted girl一个养女He adapted (himself) to the new environment / climate/the change/the dark. (新环境/气候/变化/黑暗)The story was adapted for a TV play. 这个故事被改编成了电视剧。The play was adapted from a story. 这部戏剧由一个故事改编而成。 5. annoy: vt. 打搅，干扰，使烦恼，使生气: annoy sb 使某人生气 annoyed : adj.恼怒的，生气的 (主语是人 ) annoying :adj. 令人恼怒/生气的(主语是物) 对比: sb be annoyed with sb:某人对某人感到生气(= sb be angry with sb ) sb be annoyed at /about /by sth 某人对/因某事/物感到生气 annoyance：n. u /c: 烦恼/气愤（的事情或原因）: 令某人生气的是: to ones annoyance We are annoyed at/about/by the annoying news.= The annoying news annoyed us.6.as well as : (1) 与一样好(本义) ：She cooks as well as her mother does. （厨艺）(2) 和：（连接两个并列成分）He speaks English as well as French. 他说英语和法语。(3) (除之外)又.：(连接两个并列主语时谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致)：The teacher as well as the students likes the film. 老师喜欢电影，学生们也喜欢。(4) as well as用于句首时后面常用动词的ing形式：As well as going to the movies, I spend a lot of time with my pets. 除了和我的朋友一起去看电影外，我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。(5) 对比：as well: “也 “(常用于句末) He sent me a letter and some money as well. (6) may/might as well :“ 还是好,不妨做”We might as well give it to him.我们不妨把这个给他。7. conduct: v. (1) 做;进行:conduct a meeting /a survey 举行会议/进行一次调查 conduct an interview 进行采访 conduct an experiment 做实验(2) 指导；引导：He conducted me around the museum.他带领我们参观博物馆。(3) 经营，管理: conduct/run/operate a firm 经营一家公司(4) 指挥（乐队）：conduct a band指挥一个乐队(5) 传导：conduct electricity 导电 （6）表现；为人：conduct oneself well表现好conduct: n. (不可数) the rules of conduct 行为准则conductor: 指导者；管理者；（乐队）指挥；列车员，列车长8. cutcut-cut-cuttingcut out:(1)剪下一副图画:cut out a picture (2)删去不重要的细节:cut out the unimportant details (3)戒掉；不吃/不喝；停止做某事(doing sth)：cut out smoking and drinking/fatty foodcut across：穿过，走近路： the field穿过田野走近路cut down: (1) 砍倒树木: cut down trees(2) 削减, 减少: cut down the expenses /the cost of/the staff/smoking削减费用/开支/精减员工/减少吸烟次数cut in:插嘴，打断别人说话：She cut in . 她插话。对比:She cut in on our conversation.我们谈话时她插嘴。cut up: 切碎: cut up the meat把肉切碎cut off:（1）切断水电供应：cut off the water supply/electricity（2）中断某人的电话：cut sb off ：We were cut off in the middle of our conversation.我们正说到到一半，电话被中断了。（3）隔绝，挡住: The village was cut off by the heavy snow. 这个村庄因大雪与外界隔绝了。9. resign:（1）vt./vi.辞去的职位/辞职：resign ones post/position辞职resign from a job辞去工作 (2) resign sb to把某人委托/托付给:I resigned my children to her care.我把孩子托付给她来照顾。（3）resign oneself to（doing）sth: 听从；顺从；使自己安于某事He resigned himself to his fate. 他只好听天由命了。You must resign yourself to waiting a bit longer.你们得耐心地多等一会(4) resignation: n. 辞职,辞呈(c/u );听从，顺从(u)Tom handed in his resignation. 汤姆递交了辞呈。She accepted her fate with resignation. 她听天由命。10. assist: v.帮/援助：assist sb to do sth =assist sb in doing sth = assist sb with sth 帮助某人做某事assistance: n. u 帮助；援助：with the assistance/help of sb 在某人的帮助下 be of assistance to sb 有助于某人：Can I be of any assistance?我能帮什么忙吗？ come to ones assistance来帮助某人give assistance to sb =assist sb帮助某人assistant: adj. 副的，助理的：assistant professor 副教授 assistant manager副经理 n. 助手，助理；商店售货员：She is a shop assistant. 她是商店售货员。二重点单词和短语：1. run two laps 跑两圈 a laptop (computer) 一台手提电脑2. clumsy: adj. 动作笨手笨脚的/笨拙的；为人不灵活的，不圆滑的：be clumsy with sth /at doing sth 干时笨手笨脚地The foreigner is clumsy with chopsticks.= The foreigner is clumsy at using chopsticks.那个外国人不会灵活使用筷子。3. in other words=that is (to say) 换句话说；也就是说 (对比：in a word总而言之；总之)对比：have a word with sb和某人谈一谈/谈话 have words with sb 和某人吵架word当“消息”、“诺言”讲时不可数：keep/break ones word遵守/违背诺言Word came that he won the first prize.消息传来说他赢得了一等奖。（that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明word的内容。）4. absent: adj. (1) 缺席的，旷工的；不在场的: be absent from school/work旷课/ 旷工 （反：be present at the meeting 出席会议） (2) 心不在焉的: He is absentminded.(3) absence：n.c/u: 在某人不在的时候：in ones absence=in the absence of sbShe called in your absence. 你不在时她来过电话。5. my fellow students/wokers 我的同学/同事6. make fun of sb (fun 为不可数名词)= play a joke /jokes on sb 开某人的玩笑，捉弄某人 =play a trick/tricks on sb捉弄人=laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 7. all in all=in a word=in short总而言之 above all最重要的是 first of all首先after all毕竟；终究; 别忘了 in all (数量)总共，总计：There are 55 students in all in our class.我们班总共有55个学生。8. 对比： at a time :一次，每次You cant borrow two books at a time. 你一次不能借两本书。at one time: 以前，曾经：At one time, I intended to study law. 以前我打算学法律。 9. congratulate :v. congratulate sb on (doing) sth 就/关于某事向某人表示祝贺congratulations: n. (常用复数 ) congratulations on (doing) sth Congratulate you on your success. = Congratulations on your success.祝贺你成功。三重点句： 1. I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. 我的身体太虚弱，上不了学，因此落下了许多功课。(tooto太以至于不能,表示否定含义)2. Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others. 每次缺课之后，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我比别人落后了。(every time 为名词词组,此处用作连词，连接两个句子，类似的短语还有：each time, the first time, the moment, the minute, the instant等)3. I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming. 我很高兴我能做许多事情，比如写作和电脑编程。（不定时的完成时：be happy to have done sth很高兴已经做了.）4. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. 我有雄心壮志，长大后我要在开发电脑软件的公司里工作。(to work for a firm为不定时作表语)5. To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile. 我得花大量时间来照顾这些宠物，但我觉得很值。（To look after my pets properly为不定时作主语）6. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 我的生活很充实，没有时间坐着顾影自怜。（with 复合结构；另外feeling sorry for myself作伴随状语）7. Having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. 身体残疾并不意味着生活不美满。（Having a disability为动名词短语作主语）8. Give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.给他们以鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。（as+形容词+a/an+n.+as+被比较对象,意为“和一样”） . Using language: A Letter to an architect一 语言点： 1.access: n. (1)通往的道路:This is the only access to the building.这是唯一一条通往那座楼的路。(2) have access to sth 有权利或机会接近或使用Students have access to the library during the vacation. 学生们假期期间可以去图书馆借书。(=The library is accessible to the students during the vacation.)(3) accessible：adj. be accessible to ：(地方)易到达的；（东西）易使用的;(人)易接近的： A manager should be accessible to his staff.经理应该让员工感到平易近人。2.meet with: (1)偶遇某人：The poor boy met with a warm-hearted woman.这个可怜的男孩遇到了一位好心人。 （2）遇到（好或不好的事情）：meet with ones approval 得到某人的赞同或批准meet with success 获得成功 meet with failure/difficulties/ an accident遭遇失败/遇到困难/遇到事故二 重点单词和短语：1 mind (sb /ones) doing : 介意某人做某事：Would you mind me/my opening the window? 你介意我把窗户打开吗？2. graduate from.从.毕业after graduation毕业后receive ones graduation certificate获得毕业证书3. be adequate for sb/sth 对.来说是足够的充足的He is adequate for the job. = He is up to the job. 他能胜任这项工作。4. approve：(1) vi. 赞成,赞同：approve of sth.: I dont approve of his conduct. 我不赞成他的做法。(2) vt. 批准：approve sth : The manager approved the plan.经理批准了那项计划。 5. in a row：（1）一排，一行：stand in a row站成一排 （2）连续地： win the election 3 times in a row连续3次在竞选中获胜划船：row a boat 划船6. in particular特别，尤其 be particular about.对挑剔7. lift a stone 举起一块石头 take the lift down to the first floor乘电梯到达一楼 give sb a lift home 让某人搭便车回家8. suggest: 建议：(1) suggest sth 建议 (2) suggest (sb/ones) doing sth 建议做某事 (3) suggest that sb (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事（虚拟语气）暗示，表明：（用真实语气）They suggested that she (should) make a working plan.= They suggested her making a working plan.他们建议她做一份工作计划。His expression on his face suggested that he was delighted.他脸上的表情表明他很快乐。三.重点句：1. In particular I wonder if