英语单项知识的讲解与练习(117).doc

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（117）581. distinction 的用法distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著例句：Keller received many awards of greatdistinction.凯勒被授予很多殊荣奖。He had thedistinctionof being the first man to walk on the moon.他以月球上第一个行走而闻名于世。He passed the examination withdistinction.他以优异成绩通过考试。She had thedistinctionof being the first woman to swim the Channel.她卓尔不群,因为她是第一个横渡英吉利海峡的女子。This is a refrigerator ofdistinction.这是一台优质电冰箱。短语：make a distinction between 对加以区分; win a distinction for 因而获功勋; without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地; a line of distinction界限；draw a clear distinction between right and wrong分清是非；without distinction of/ as to sex and age不分男女老少；the chief distinction of Chinese poetry中国诗歌的主要特征；people of distinction知名人士；gain/ win distinction出名；in distinction from the rest和其余的有别；of distinction杰出的；with distinction明显地,以优异成绩；distinction between 间的差别；distinction in meaning意义上的不同；distinction without difference无差异的区别；比较：distinction, difference都可用于感觉到的“差异”,可以互换使用。其区别是：当差异的感知是由于分析和辨别的结果时,通常用distinction; 而当指明差异的状态时,通常用difference。例如:The first thing youll have to do is to make a distinction between the primary and the secondary tasks. 你们应该做的首要工作是区分主要任务和次要任务。练习：Mo Yans winning the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature shows the worlds_of contemporary Chinese Literature. A.impression B.distinction C.recognition D.indicationThese private schools offer a(n)_schedule for students who may be working or are even in school or at university. A. abstract B. admirable C. distinct D. flexibleOne of the purposes of United Nations is to achieve international co-operation without distinction as to race,_, language or religion. A. sex B. female C. male D. skinThose two ideas are quite distinct _ each other. A.with B. of C.from D. to 582. distribution 的用法distribution n.分配；分发 分布状态例句：The Red Cross organized thedistributionof food and clothing in the disaster area.红十字会组织了灾区的食品和衣物分发。Brazil has a very unequaldistributionof income and wealth. 巴西的收入和财富分配十分不平均。Bees are largely responsible for thedistributionof pollen.蜜蜂是花粉的主要散布者。Thedistributionof the magazine is 2000.该杂志的销售量为2000份。短语：distribute vt. 分配; 散布; distribute sth. to把某物分配/分发给; distribute sth. among 在分发某物; distribute.over . 把.配给到分配到, 散布于；be distributed into three classes分为三类；forbid distribution禁止散发；fair distribution公平分配；geographical distribution地理分布；food distribution食物分配；the distribution of sth分配某物；练习：(1). 翻译句子：幼儿园的老师正在给小朋友们派发礼物。救援物资的发放依然在讨论中。(2). 单项填空：In our country today the distribution (分配) principle is mainly from _ according to his ability and to _ according to his work. A. every; every B. each; every C. each; each D. every; eachThese are the clothes and blankets that _among the flood victims. A.is distributed B.distribute C.will distribute D.will be distributedAt present, the _ of profits cannot satisfy most of the people. A. distribute B.difference C.distribution D.different Before the opening ceremony of the super-market, some workers are sent _ handbills on the street. A.distributing B.to distribute C.distribute D.distributed 583. disturb的用法disturb妨碍、打扰、扰乱。例句：They took the phone off the hook so no calls woulddisturbthem.他们摘下电话听筒，以免电话打扰他们。I am sorry todisturbyou.很抱歉我妨碍到你了。Ministers declared themselves profoundlydisturbedby the violence.大臣们自称因为暴力而感到深刻的不安。A soft breeze gentlydisturbedthe surface of the pool.一阵微风吹拂了平静的池塘。短语：disturb the peace 扰乱治安；Dont disturb my things别弄乱我的东西；disturb something弄乱某物；disturb about对感到担忧；disturb at work打扰某人工作；disturb by the French Revolution深受法国革命的震动；disturb in ones sleep打扰某人睡眠；disturb with用搅动；disturb with fear惊恐不安；disturb with stick用棍子搅动；用法：disturb的基本意思是扰乱别人正在干的事,使别人感到厌烦,或指某事物使某人的心绪受到明显的干扰,如焦急、困惑、失望等。可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,后可接名词、代词作简单宾语。可用于被动结构。练习：Sorry to _ your talk, _ I have some good news to tell you.A. interrupt; and B. interrupt; but C. disturb; and D. disturb; but He was _ by the news of your being beaten in the game. A. sad B. pleased C. disturbed D. interrupted The student said, “Im sorry _ you, Mr Hu.” A. to disturb B. disturbed C. disturbing D. disturbMy little brother often _ my things on the desk. A. disturbed B. disturbs C. is disturbing D. will disturb584. flavor的用法flavour味道；风格；调味品例句：I dont like theflavorof onion.我不喜欢洋葱的味道。These works have a strongflavorof rural life.这些作品散发着浓郁的乡土气息。Sheflavoredthe fish with sugar and vinegar.她用糖和醋给鱼调味。Heflavoredthe evening with a poetry reading.他以朗诵诗歌给夜晚增添情趣。短语：a local flavour地方风味；the acrid flavour of an essay文章的泼辣风格；flavour the soup with onions在汤里加洋葱调味；flavor of the month短暂的时髦；off flavor臭气；scorched flavor焦味；putrid flavor腐烂味, 腐败味.；foreign flavor不正常气味；salty flavor味咸；reversion flavor可逆水解；burnt flavor烧焦气味；metallic flavor金属味；flat flavor平淡的味道, 味清淡.；rancid flavor酸败味；flavor essence味精；用法：flavor作动词，宾语后接with，表示“给添风味”。如： She flavoured the gravy（卤汁） with salt.练习：Chocolate and ice-cream have different _. A.favour B.favourites C.fever D.flavoursThese weapons add a new _ to modern warfare. A. flavor B. factor C. aspect D. dimensionThe _ of this recipe (烹饪法) was made public one year after it was put into the market. A.formula B. form C. flavor D. frown Dont eat that cake now, youll spoil your _. A. desire B. flavor C. diet D. appetite585. focus的用法focus中心、焦点；例句：He always wants to be thefocusof attention.他总想成为注意力的焦点。He took out the binoculars and adjusted thefocus.他取出双筒望远镜并调整了焦距。The noise made it hard for me tofocuson work.噪音让我无法集中注意力工作。Hefocusedthe suns rays on the paper with a burning glass. 他用取火镜使太阳光聚集在纸上。短语：bring into focus使集中在焦点上；focus ones attention on把注意力集中于；in focus焦点对准、清晰；out of focus焦点没有对准、模糊不清；the focus of sth某物的中心；focus on a problem集中在某个问题上；focus the camera on把照相机的焦点对准；focus the suns rays on使阳光聚焦于；用法：focus的宾语后接on，表示“把集中在”。如： Please focus your attention on the speaker. focus用作及物动词时,可以接望远镜、焦点等作宾语,也可以接阳光等作宾语,还可以接目光等作宾语。focus用于比喻作“致力于”解时,则可以接mind, attention等作宾语。focus也用作不及物动词,这时常和介词on连用,表示“聚焦于”“致力于”等。练习：If you _ bright sunlight _ dry wood with a glass, it will start burning. A. expose to B. concentrate on C. aim atD. focus on He made an excellent speech, and everything he said was to the _. A. sense B. meaning C. focusD. pointAll her energies are _ upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else. A. guided B. aimed C. directed D. focusedThe writer was