无土试题 综合.doc

1、 请简要说明在确定营养液配方时的组成原则。 Please outline the composition principles for ascertaining a nutrient solution formula. 2、 为什么大规模营养液栽培中要进行营养液的循环流动？ Why the cycling of nutrient solution is needed in large scale nutrient solution culture ? 3、 在深液流水培系统中，发现植物根系腐烂现象，试解释可能造成此现象的原因。Please interpret the possible reasons of root-rot of plants in deep flow technique. 4、 你认为在广东等热带、亚热带地区炎热的夏季进行无土栽培蔬菜生产，可能要采取什么措施？ What measures should be taken while vegetables are planted in soilless culture during hot summer in tropic or subtropic areas such as in Guangdong Province?5、 试比较深液流技术与营养液膜技术在我国南方实际生产应用上的优缺点。 Please compare the advantages and disadvantages of deep flow technique (DFT) and Nutrient film technique while there are used in South China.6、 请简要说明营养液栽培与土壤栽培在植物养分供应上的不同点。 Please show the brief differentia between hydroponics and soil culture. 7、 有两种营养液配方，其大量营养元素组成如下： There are 2 formulae with macronutrients such as follows: A配方(g/L)/formula A B配方(g/L)/formula BKH2PO4 0.136Ca(NO3)2.4H2O0.590(NH4)2SO40.595KNO30.404K2SO40.348KH2PO40.136CaSO4.2H2O0.277MgSO4.7H2O0.246MgSO4.7H2O0.246 （注：两种配方的氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的含量相同。The contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg are the same in these 2 formulae.） 试分析用这两种配方配制的营养液进行作物栽培时，其营养液的性质有何变化？为什么？如果种植生菜，哪种配方配制的营养液较适合？为什么？Please describe the change of the characteristics of the nutrient solutions with these 2 formulae while planting crops. Which formula is suitable for lettuce planting? Why? 8、有两种营养液配方，其大量营养元素的化合物组成如下： A配方(g/L) B配方(g/L) KH2PO4 0.100 Ca(NO3)2.4H2O0.472 (NH4)2SO40.529KNO30.404 K2SO40.348KH2PO40.100 CaCl0.222MgSO4.7H2O0.246 MgSO4.7H2O0.246 试分析用这两种配方的营养液进行作物栽培时，其营养液的性质将发生什么变化？为什么？如果栽培蕹菜，哪种配方较适合？为什么？8、 采用深液流或沙培进行番茄生产时，如何对营养液进行科学和规范化管理？ How to manage the nutrient solution scientifically and standardized while planting tomato by means of deep flow technique or sand culture?9、 试论述水培花卉的特点？你对其市场前景有何看法？ Please describe the characteristics of hydroponic flower and front views of marketing.10、 对无土栽培的环境设施调控，应考虑哪些主要的环境因素？ Which environmental factors must be considered while regulating and controlling the environment of soilless culture? 11、 请比较深液流水培技术、浮板毛管水培技术、营养液膜技术和喷雾栽培技术等四种无土栽培技术在设施建设难易程度、投资大小、适种作物、管理方便与否、可能的投资回报等方面的差1、请简要说明在确定营养液配方时的组成原则。 What are the principles for composition of nutrient formulation? 1. Nutrient solution must contain all essential nutrient elements. 2. All of the compounds must be in the form that can be absorbed by plant roots.3. Amount and ratio of the compounds should be in accordance with the demands of plant growth.4. Total concentration and pH value of the compounds should meet the demands for plant growth.5. The compounds must keep up the efficiency for a long time during the period of plant growth.6. The change in pH value caused by the absorption of major compounds by plants should be minimum and the physiological acidity should be kept stable. 13、请谈谈深液流水培技术的特征及其等优缺点。 What are the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of deep flow technique (DFT)? The characteristics of DFT are deep, suspending and flow.The advantages of DFT are:1.无土栽培技术/Soilless culture / hydroponics is the planting method with nutrient solution other than natural soil, to provide nutrients, water and oxygen. 2.表观吸收成分组成浓度/Apparent absorption constitute concentration is the ratio of the amount of nutrient absorption (n, mmol) to the amount of water consumption (w, 3.营养液配方/Nutrient formulationThe kinds and amounts of chemical compoundsare specified in the solution with a given volume. 4.营养液剂量/Stock of formulaThe concentration of nutrient solution is made up according to the stipulated amount of the formulation.5.工作营养液、栽培营养液/ Cultural nutrient Solution is the solution that plants grown in directly, unit of its concentration is gram per liter or microgram per liter. 6.营养液的溶解氧/Dissolved O2 7.固体基质的缓冲作用/Buffering effect of solid medium8.活性基质/Active medium, such as 9.惰性基质/Inactive medium, such as10.复合基质/Mixed medium is the medium mixed with two or more than two media according to the proportion.11.水培技术/Water culture is the true hydroponics by definition that parts of plant roots are immerged in a liquid medium (nutrient solution), and another parts of roots are suspended over nutrient solution. 12.深液流水培技术/Deep flow technique (DFT) is a water cultural technique in which plants are grown with their root systems contained in a trough through which a deep nutrient solution is continuously circulated.13.浮板毛管水培技术/Floating capillary hydroponics (FCH)14.营养液膜技术/Nutrient film technique (NFT) is a water cultural technique in which plants are grown with their root systems contained in a trough through which a shallow nutrient solution is continuously circulated.15.喷雾栽培技术/Spray culture is the method of planting that allows all of or parts of roots suspending in the spray of nutrient solution.16.固体基质栽培技术/Solid medium culture17.沙培/Sand culture is the most widely used method of soilless culture that plants are grown with sand medium.18.岩棉培/Rockwool culture is one method of soilless culture that plants are grown with rockwool medium.19.简易基质袋培技术/Simple medium bag culture20.简易基质槽培技术/Simple medium tough culture21.静止水培技术/Still water culture is a water cultural technique in which plants are grown with their root systems contained in a small container with a deep still nutrient solution.22.设施栽培环境综合调控技术23.现代温室调控技术/Modern greenhouse controlling technique24.植物工厂/Plant factory25.无土育苗技术/Soilless seedling technique Seedlings are grown with solid medium and nutrient solution in seedling containers.26.生理酸性肥料/Physiologically acid fertilizers27.生理碱性肥料/Physiologically basic fertilizers .1、许多的研究表明，种植番茄时对营养液进行高浓度管理和低浓度管理，其产量（ ）（A、差异不大；B、差异显著），高浓度下番茄果实的含糖量比低浓度下的含糖量（ ）（A、低；B、高；C、差异不大）。 2、无土栽培所用的营养液循环系统一般要求用（ ）（A、铁管；B、铝管；C、铜管；D、塑料管）做成，以防止（ ）（A、营养液浓度的改变；B、液体流动不畅通；C、管的腐蚀；D、长青苔）。The circulatory system of nutrient solution in hydroponics usually use ( )(A. iron tube, B. aluminium tube, C. copper tube, D. plastic tube). 3、深液流水培系统的种植槽在建造时要求（ ）（A、槽面水平，槽底倾斜；B、槽面水平，槽底水平；C、槽面倾斜，槽底倾斜； D、槽面倾斜，槽底水平）。 4、（ ）（A、岩棉；B、泥炭；C、沙；D、砾石）具有较高的阳离子代换量，属于（ ）（A、活性基质；B、惰性基质；C、复合基质）The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of ( )(A. rockwool, B. peat, C.sand, D.gravel) is highest (among the four media). This medium belongs to ( )(A. active medium, B. inactive medium, C. mixed medium). 5、无土栽培设施本身（ ）（A、具有；B、不具有）周年或反季节生产蔬菜的能力。Soilless system itself has the function to plant vegetables contrary to the seasons. ( )(A. right, B. wrong) 6、水的硬度是以水中含有的（ ）（A、钾盐和钙盐；B、钾盐和铁盐；C、钙盐和镁盐；D、钾盐和镁盐）的浓度大小来衡量，其统一的标准用（ ）（A、CaCO3；B、CaO；C、MgCO3；D、MgO）的摩尔浓度来表示。Hardness of water is judged by the concentration of ( )(A. potassium and calcium, B. potassium and iron, C. calcium and magnesium, D. potassium and magnesium). The hardness standard of water is expressed with the concentration of ( )( A. CaCO3, B. CaO, C. MgCO3, D. MgO). 7、DFT中，移入定植杯的幼苗，根系未完全伸出时定植，可让定植杯杯底部（ ）（A、离开营养液液面；B、浸入液面约1-2cm；C、浸入营养液，直至营养液浸到定植杯表面）。 8、无土栽培中，常用（ ）（A、无机铁盐；B、有机铁盐；C、螯合铁；D、铁粉）作为铁源，这是因为这些化合物能（ ）（A、使铁保持较长时间的有效性；B、改善营养液的性能；C、提供有机营养）。Iron sources of water culture use ( )(A. inorganic iron, B. organic acid iron, C. chelated iron, D. iron powder) usually. 9、据你了解，深液流水培每0.067公顷（1亩）大棚种植生菜一造(定植约后45天)的产量可达（ ）（A、500Kg；B、3,000Kg；C、10,000Kg）；秋植番茄一造（6个月）产量可达（ ）（A、1,000Kg；B、5,000-10,000Kg；C、100,000Kg）。The yield of lettuce in hydroponics is about ( )(A. 500Kg, B. 3 000Kg, C. 10 000Kg) per 0.067 ha (1 mu) per crop. The yield of tomato in hydroponics is about ( )( A. 1 000Kg, B. 5 00010 000Kg, C. 100 000Kg) per 0.067 ha (1 mu) per crop in autumn. The yield of cucumber in hydroponics is about ( )( A. 300500Kg, B. 3 0005 000Kg, C. 300 000500 000Kg) per 0.067 ha (1 mu) per crop. 10、用于无土栽培的蔬菜品种与露地栽培的有所不同，番茄通常选用( )（A、无限生长；B、有限生长；C、匍匐生长）的品种，在栽培管理上一般采取( )（A、不整枝；B、多秆整枝；C、单秆或双秆整枝）的方式。 11、水培中如植株外观表现为株型矮小、叶片淡黄，这可能是（ ）（A、缺氮，B、缺磷、C、缺钙）；如表现为植株矮小、叶片暗绿，有时茎、叶出现紫色，这可能是（ ）（A、缺氮，B、缺磷、C、缺钾）。 12、营养液pH的控制可用（ ）（A、加入酸或碱中和，B、更换营养液，C、适当改变营养液配方中盐类的搭配，D、补充营养液）的方法来解决。 13、在固体基质栽培中，常常每隔一段时间用（ ）（A、工作营养液，B、稀营养液，C、清水，D、母液）来滴入或灌入基质中，以消除基质中（ ）（A、养分累积，B、养分不平衡，C、通气不良）的危害。 14、营养液中的NO3-N所造成的生理（ ）（A、酸性，B、碱性）比较（ ）（A、强，B、弱）；而NH4+-N所造成的生理（ ）（A、酸性，B、碱性）比较（ ）（A、强，B、弱），因而用（ ）（A、NH4+-N，B、NO3-N，C、酰胺态氮）所造成的不良影响较容易克服。 ( )(A.KNO3, B. Ca(NO3)2, C. (NH4)2SO4) is physiologically acid fertilizer, it can ( )(A. reduce, B. increase) the pH value of the solution in hydroponics. 填空题1、无土栽培是以 学说为理论基础的，该学说的核心内容为 。The theoretical basis of soilless culture is the theory of mineral nutrition . The key content of this theory is mineral is the major sources of plant nutrition . 2、新鲜有机物料如稻秆、蔗渣等作为无土栽培的基质时，常会因_过高而使作物生长不良，这时，可通过_和_的途径来克服其不良影响。 3、营养液浓度表示方法可分为：_表示法，如_ ；_表示法，如_。Two kinds of expression of solution concentration are direct expression , such as chemical compounds gram per liter (mg/L) and indirect expression , such as EC . 4、用岩棉、蔗渣等固体基质进行袋培滴灌时，一般要求在棚室的地面上铺上乳白色薄膜，其作用有_、_和_。 5、一般地，营养液配方的总浓度不应超过_，否则可能对作物产生_。Total concentration of nutrient solution is usual less than , otherwise plants will suffer from salinity stress . 6、营养液人工增氧的方法主要有以下几种： _、_、_、_，其中，_方法在生产上较为常用。 7、NFT的特征是营养液以_的形式在槽中流动，一部分根系_，另一部分根系暴露于_，以解决根系呼吸对_的需要。 8、营养液的酸碱性常会使某些营养元素的有效性降低以至失效，例如，在pH7时，_、_、_、_、_、_等的有效性将会降低。 9、蔬菜水培环境中，气温与_存在差别。当气温过低或过高时，若能确保后者在_范围，蔬菜仍能正常生长。 10、复合基质是指_ 。Mixed medium is a kind of solid media mixed with two or more than two media according to the proportion . 11、与土壤栽培相比，无土栽培具有如下优点：_、_、_和_等。Compare with soil culture, soilless culture has a lot advantages, such as high yield , high quality , efficient water use , efficient fertilizers use , reduces labor costs , less diseases and insects , no continuous cropping barrier etc. 12、无土栽培可分为_和_两种栽培类型，它们都是主要以_为特征的