铁路箱梁架桥机关于建筑的外文文献中英文对照毕业论文.doc

1.原文Railway Box-girder Bridge Erecting Machine The construction of high-speed railway has become the main-stream trend in the world. The construction of high- speed railway network has been clearly described in the Chinas “Leap Type” development for railway. In the near future, China will enter the high tide of high-speed railway construction. For Chinas vast territory, a great quantity of railway box-girder bridge girder-erecting machines will be needed at that time to meet the demand of the great development for railway. As the general development trend of global railways, high- speed railway has shown the technical level and economic strength of a country to some extent, and China has made demonstrations on the construction of high-speed railway for several years. Viewed from the high-speed railways constructed or under construction in the world, viaducts are adopted in half or more of the total length of rail line in general. Box structure is employed in each viaduct with its self weight up to 900 t around, and the method of erecting construction for prefabrication is used to ensure quality and construction period with obvious advantages-Therefore, class 900 t railway box-girder bridge erecting machines become the crucial construction equipment for the construction of high- speed railways. High tonnage railway box-girder bridge erecting machines are mostly from Italy , s Nicola Company - China has started the research & development of high tonnage railway box-girder bridge erecting machines since 1999 when QinhuangdaoShenyang passenger special line was in preliminary construction. Now this railway box-girder bridge erecting machines are successfully applied in Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger special line. Walking type bridge girder-erecting machine is one of the products manufactured by Italy , s Nicola Company in 1980 ,s, and was used in Korean high- speed railway construction. The bridge girder-erecting machines developed by China successfully and independently and applied in the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger special line, mostly belong to such a model in structure. Due to the simply supported girders of the two straddles used in this machine, the self weight of the whole machine is over large, approximately accounting for 80% of the hoisted weight, resulting in the incurred temporary construction load being much larger. Especially, when the first span of bridge is erected, because the rear leg of the machine should stand on the bed of a railroad, it is necessary to make special processing on the bed of a railroad (embedding concrete blocks in the bed of a railroad) for the purpose of meeting the requirement of temporary construction load. The bridge girder-erecting machines integrated with girder- transporting lifting and erecting are featured with flexible shifting thanks to the proper motion type structure of its tires. However, because there are relative requirements for wheel pressure in the load-carrying capability and in the surface of the bed of a railroad, the axis and wheel pairs of the running system must be set on the basis of meeting these requirements, instead of meeting the requirement of the bridging machine for hoisting box girders. Originally, the bridge girder-erecting machine with lower guiding beam was also from Italys Nicola Company. The bridge girder-erecting machine with lower guiding beam developed by China independently is now applied in Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger special line. This machine can be used for hoisting on a fixed spot, and its girder hoist is under a reasonable force in structure with a light self weight. The girder hoist can arrive the next span of bridges in simply supported status, without overturning moment generated by itself, which is safe for operation. And its lower guiding beam must be in the length of two spans of bridges, and needs undergo the weight of girder transporting track and bridges. Therefore, the total weight of this machine reaches 80% of the hoisted weight. For the lower guiding beams length is up to more than two spans, the auxiliary measures must be taken for erecting the last 3 spans of bridges. Based on the full research of the walk type bridge girder- erecting machine from Italys Nicola Company, the assembly type bridge girder-erecting machine is made by China by means of assembling main girder as well as configuring front legs, middle legs, rear legs, and hoisting systems with 87- type military girders, one kind of devices for preparedness against war in China. The machine is also applied in Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger special line, and the assembly type bridge girder-erecting machine is illustrated Bridge machine integrated with girder-erecting & bridge fabricating is a new model developed on the basis of girder- erecting machine with lower guiding beam and bridge fabrication machine with mobile form and bracket, and this machine is integrated with the erecting of box girders and the construction of bridge building. Template brackets and templates are not needed in the construction of bridge erecting, and the operation is the same as that of the girder-erecting machine with lower guiding beam; while it is necessary to install template brackets and equip templates on the lower guiding beam in the construction of bridge fabricating, so as to perform sectional assembly and cast-in-place construction. Itshows this machine performing the operation of bridge erecting in the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger special line. Bridge machine integrated with girder-erecting & bridge fabricating is equipped with lower guiding beam, and featured with safe and reliable operation. Similarly, for this machine, auxiliary measures must be taken for erecting the last 3 spans of bridges. The single span type bridge girder- erecting machine is one model launched by Italys Nicola Company on the basis of the walking type bridge girder-erecting machine. This machine is able to erect bridges by means of single span simply supported operation with the whole machine under a definite and reasonable load, which is superior to the dual-span simply supported main girder of the walking type bridge girder-erecting machine. However, this machine shows itself in a status of large cantilevers in span-shifting operation, and its lengthways overturning moment is higher, especially its lengthways overturning moment is much higher than its stabilizing moment during the process of front leg moving towards 0-shaped leg. Thus the reliable anchoring with the erected girder must be realized by using the winch trolley capable of moving to the end of the main girder, only after the front leg reaches the 0-shaped leg. The anchoring can be released and the machine can perform span-shifting operation. Similarly, before the machine is driven in place and the front leg moves forward, the reliable anchoring with the erected girder must be also realized by using the winch trolley. So the span-shifting operation is complex. The bridge girder-erecting machine with nose beam and lower guiding beam is a model of the optimum plan incorporated with the advantages of both single span type bridge girder-erecting machine and bridge girder- erecting machine with lower guiding beam. It is the latest product of Italys Nicola Company, and fully applied in the Taiwan high speed railway project lot C260 and C270. And one set of this machine was introduced into Chinese mainland and will be used for the erecting of class 900t railway box girders. The most distinct feature of the bridge girder-erecting machine with nose beam and lower guiding beam is the single- straddle simply supported girder of the main unit and the lower guiding beam supporting straddle cross one span, and that the whole machine is under a definite and reasonable force with light self weight, and the temporary construction load is lower. The main unit is shifted from one span to another at a simply supported status with a excellent operating stability, and the lower guiding beam is set on higher positions, which realizes the erecting of the last span of bridge. Instead of that the old operating mode of the bridge girder- erecting machine with lower guiding beam tows the lower guiding beam to shift spans, the current span-shifting mode of the bridge girder-erecting machine with nose beam and lower guiding beam is worthy of being mentioned especially. It has the features of simple and definite operation, that is, the main unit can automatically be in place on the lower guiding beam and then the lower guiding beam can be hoisted and shifted from one span to another flexibly by using the upper nose girder, the winch trolley and the auxiliary winch trolley. Because the auxiliary leg of the main unit for the bridge girder-erecting machine with nose beam and lower guiding beam is fixed in a stationary position with the main girder (determined by the position in the erecting of 35 m girders), and the auxiliary leg will locate out of the legs of the lower guiding beam and the self weight of the lower guiding beam is incapable of balancing the overturning moment generated by the auxiliary leg when the span-shifting operation of the main unit for the erecting of 30m and 25m girders is performed. Therefore the lower guiding beam must be anchored reliably on bridge piers, which is the disadvantage of this machine. Class 900 t railway box-girder bridge girder-erecting machine is used to erect bridges, and girder transporting truck is used to transport bridges. Bridge erecting and transporting are performed respectively, and operated at the same time, thus a higher operating efficiency is produced. The front leg is equipped with securing segment, folding segment, making the bridge girder-erecting machine fully adapt to slopes and span-shifting operations, at the same time, making the operations convenient. The bridge girder-erecting machine is a single-span simply supported girder model under definite forces, and the bridge erecting is safe and reliable. One-span lower guiding beam is used and set in higher positions, so as to not only ensure the bridge girder-erecting machine shifted from one span to another in a simply-supported status, but also lower the height of auxiliary leg effectively, thus the safety of shifting operation of the bridge girder-erecting machine is guaranteed to a great extent. Meanwhile, the erecting of the first span and the last span of bridges are tackled. The span-shifting operation of the whole machine is performed flexibly by using the nose beam, lower guiding beam, winch trolley and the winch for guiding beam. The operating procedure is simple and definite, and the vertical or horizontal stability of the whole machine is excellent. The auxiliary leg can change working positions according to the erected bridges and reduce the vertical overturning moment of the lower guiding beam to the maximum, thus the operating requirements can be met without setting anchor on the top of bridge piers. The bridge erecting operations and span-shifting operations of the bridge girder-erecting machine employ frequency converters to adjust speeds. The hoisting systems hoist girder bodies by three points and can transverse girders to the right and left, thus the operating precision and the convenience for construction and operation are obtained to a great extent.2.译文铁路箱梁架桥机 在世界上，高速铁路建设已经成为主流趋势。建设高速铁路网络已经清楚地说明了我国“跨越式”发展的铁路。在不久的将来，我国将进入高潮的高速铁路建设。我国地域辽阔，在那个时候，将需要大量的铁路箱梁架桥机，以满足铁路大开发。 从全球铁路的一般发展趋势看，高速铁路在一定程度上也显示了一个国家的技术水平和经济实力，中国在这方面作出了高速铁路示范建设有好几年了。从世界上建造或正在建造的高速铁路中可以看出，高架桥在铁路线上占有一半或一半以上的总长度。箱型结构是为了确保每个自重高达900吨的高架桥的预制架设施工质量并在施工期间有明显的优势。因此，一流的900吨铁路箱梁架桥机成为建设高速铁路的关键施工设备。 高吨位铁路箱梁架桥机大多来自意大利尼古拉公司-自1999年以来中国已开始研究和开发的高吨位铁路箱梁架桥机，秦皇岛沈阳是客运专线的初步建设，现在铁路箱梁架桥机成功应用在秦沉客运专线。 行走式桥梁架桥机是由意大利尼古拉公司于1980年制造的产品，被用在韩国高速铁路建设上。中国大桥主梁架桥机研制的成功并独立地应用在秦沉客运专线，其中大部分属于这种模式的结构， 由于简支梁的两个横跨在本机自重中分量大，大约占有80 的悬挂重量，结果招致建筑负荷太大。特别是，当第一跨度桥梁架设，因为后方腿的机器要站在铁路道床上，所以必须对铁路道床作出特别的处理（在铁路道床上嵌入混凝土砌块），增加了临时建筑负荷。 箱梁架桥机与梁起重运输和架设需要灵活转移运动型轮胎的结构。然而，由于对表面层的铁路要求有相对的车轮压在承载能力，架桥机的吊装箱梁轴和轮正在运行的系统必须设置在基础上并要满足这些要求，而不是临时的要求。 最初，桥梁架桥机下导梁也由意大利尼古拉公司生产。我国自主开发的桥梁架桥机下导梁适用于现在的秦沉客运专线。本机可用于悬挂在一个固定的位置，其下梁起重机是一个合理的钢结构，自重轻。梁起重机可以到达下一个跨度简支桥梁的位置，本身没有倾覆力矩产生，作业非常的安全。其较低的导梁必须在桥梁的两跨度间运送铁轨和桥梁。因此，悬挂总重量达到本机80 的重量。较低导梁的长度达到两个以上的跨越，必须在过去竖立的3跨度的桥梁采取辅助措施。 基于充分的研究意大利尼古拉公司生产的步行架桥机，装配式桥梁架桥机是由中国组装主梁以及配置前腿，中腿，后方支腿，和87 -型军用梁悬挂系统，是我国的一种战备装置。本机也适用于在秦沉客运专线，以及装配式桥梁架桥机。 架桥机与桥梁制造是一种在新模型的基础上制定架桥机下导梁造桥机移动形式和托架，并结合本机的箱梁架设和建造桥梁建设。模板支架和模板是没有必要的建设架桥，和运作是一样的架桥机下导梁;同时，有必要安装模板支架和装备模板下导梁桥梁建设的捏造，以执行截面现浇施工。显示出这台机器在秦沉客运专线的架桥运作效能。架桥机与桥梁制造配备低导梁，以确保精确安全可靠运行。同样，对于这台机器，必须在过去3跨度的桥梁采取辅助措施。 单跨梁式架桥机是一种在意大利尼古拉公司生产的行走式架桥机的基础上开发出来的新模式。 本机架设桥梁能够通过单跨简支运作与整个机器达到一个明确合理的负荷，这是主要优于双跨简支梁的步行式架桥机的地方。然而，这台机器自己的缺点显示在大跨度悬臂移动中，其纵向倾覆力矩较高，尤其是其纵向倾覆力矩远远高于其稳定时刻前支腿迈向0形腿的过程中。因此，架设可靠的锚梁必须认识使用绞盘小车能够迁移到车底主梁，只有在架设前到达0形腿的锚定能腾出机器可以执行跨度移动作业。同样，前机驱动的地方，前支腿向前迈进，也要意识到架设可靠的锚梁，必须用绞车手推车。因此，跨度移动作业是复杂的。 桥梁架桥机鼻束和降低导梁是一个典范的最佳计划，结合单跨梁式桥梁架桥机和桥梁架桥机降低导梁双方各有的优势。C260和C270这是意大利尼古拉公司最新产品，并完全适用于台湾很多高速铁路项目。C260和C270和一套机器被引入内地，将用于铁路箱梁900吨桥梁架设树立一流的铁路桥梁架设。 桥梁架桥机鼻束和降低导梁最鲜明的特点是单跨简支梁的主要优点和支持下导梁跨一跨跨度，而且整个机器是一个规定明确合理且自重轻，要求的临时建筑负荷较低。主要优点之一是从另一个在跨度简支位置，出色的运行稳定性和较低的指导束上设置较高的排名，其中实现了架设在过去的跨度桥梁。 相反的，旧的运作模式的桥梁架桥机下导梁束较低指导转向跨越，目前跨度转移模式的桥梁架桥机鼻束和降低导梁都显得非常的重要。它的特点是简单而明确的行动，也就是主要的特点可以自动到位的低导梁，然后在较低的导梁使用架桥机鼻束或绞车小车和辅助绞盘手推车可悬挂和从一个跨到另一个跨灵活转向。由于辅助腿的主要部件桥梁架桥机鼻束和降低导梁固定在一个与主梁固定的位置（所确定的位置，架设的35米梁），辅助腿的下导梁和自重下导梁无法平衡辅助腿在跨度时移动作业所产生的倾覆力矩，执行主