自动化英文介绍.doc

AutomationAutomation overview of the machine or device in the absence of intervention procedures or instructions required automatic operation or control of the process, its objective is steady, accurate, quick. Automation technology is widely used in industry, agriculture, military, scientific research, transportation, business, health, services, and the family. Not only can automated technology from heavy manual labor, part of the mental and the poor and dangerous working environment freed, but also to expand peoples organ function, significantly raising labor productivity, and advancing human understanding of the world and the ability to change the world . Therefore, the automation of industrial, agricultural, national defense and science and technology an important condition for the modernization and significant signs.The development of automation in 1946, the United States Ford mechanical engineer DS Hudson was first put forward the automatic the term used to describe the engine cylinder and automatic transmission and processing process. 50s, automatic regulator and the development of classical control theory to automate access to a single variable automatic control system based partial automation stage. 60s, with the emergence of modern control theory and the wide application of computer, automatic control and information processing, and ensure that the production process automation into the optimal control and management of integrated automation stage. 70s, automation becomes the object of large-scale, complex projects and non-engineering systems, modern control theory involves many difficult problems. Research on these issues, to promote the automation of the theories, methods and means of innovation, there was a large complex system, system control and intelligent control systems, there has been comprehensive utilization of computer, communications technology, systems engineering and artificial intelligence and other high-level results automation systems, such as flexible manufacturing systems, office automation, intelligent robots, expert systems, decision support systems, computer integrated manufacturing systems. The emergence of automatic devices and applications are in the 18 centuries ago. Ancient human long-term production and life, in order to reduce their own labor, has the effect of power instead of using natural human animal, and the use of automatic devices to replace parts of human intellectual activity involuted desire, after a long time and the exploration of their unrelated to Zaochu some of the original automatic devices. Ancient China Guide car and watch the 17th century occurred in Europe and wind mill control device, although the invention is unrelated, but the formation of automation technology has played a leading role.Automation technology in the 18th century during the formation of 20 century 30s. 1788 J. Watts invention of the British engineers centrifugal governor (also known as fly ball governor), and put it with the steam engine valve connected to form a closed-loop steam engine speed control system. Watts invention ushered in the modern era of automatic adjustment device applications, on the first industrial revolution and the subsequent development of control theory, have a major impact. People began to use automatic adjustment device, to deal with the industrial production of the control problem. Some of these regulators are devices that track the given value, so that some physical quantities remain in the vicinity of a given value. Automatic Regulators in the automation technology marks a new historical period. Of the 20th century, is widely used in industrial production of various auto-adjusting device for adjusting the system of analysis and synthesis of research. Although this period in the automatic regulator feedback control has been widely applied in the structure, but in theory the principle of feedback control is 20 years from the beginning of the 20th century. 1833, British mathematician C. Babbage in the design of machine first proposed the principle of process control. 939 system and control the worlds first professional research institution established in the 20th century the formation of classical control theory 40 years and made a theoretical development of local automation and organizational preparation.40 to 50 years of the 20th century is the partial automation of the formation during the World War II classic control theory is partial automation of the post-war development has played an important role in promoting. Formed in the course of the problem of classical control theory, the design of a sophisticated automatic adjustment device, creating a system and control this new field of science. This new discipline was called servo theory in the United States, the Soviet Union known as the automatic adjustment theory, mainly to resolve the single-variable control problem. Classical control theory, the name was the 1960 Joint Automatic Control at the first meeting of the nation put forward. As the war in 1945 after the publication ban lifted, there has been systematically expounded the works of classical control theory. 1945, American mathematician Wiener, N. The concept of the feedback control system extended to all. 50 years later, classical control theory has many new developments. . Method of classical control theory can basically meet the needs of military technology during World War II and the post-war industrial development needs. But by the late 50s found that the classical control theory is extended to multivariable systems come to the wrong conclusion. Classical control theory approach has its limitations.40 years in the 20th century invented the electronic digital computer to create a new era of digital program control, while it was limited to automatic calculation, but the success of ENIAC and EDVAC manufacturing, creating a new era of electronic digital program control. The invention of electronic digital computers for the 60 to 70 years in the control system logic is widely used in process control and extensive application of electronic digital computer control and direct control of production basis. Since the late 20th century, since 50 is a comprehensive automation period, the rapid development of space technology during this period, the urgent need to address the multi-variable optimal control problem. Thus was born the modern control theory. Modern control theory for the formation and development of integrated automation and laid a theoretical foundation. At the same time a new breakthrough in microelectronics technology. Transistor computer in 1958, appeared in 1965 IC computer appeared, in 1971 and single-chip microprocessor. The emergence of microprocessor control technology had a major impact, control engineers can easily use to achieve the complex microprocessor control to integrated automation a reality.Automation (Automation) is an American DSHarder in 1936, he proposed that in a production process, the transfer of parts between machines do not have people to carry is the automation. The concept of automation is a dynamic process of development. In the past, peoples understanding of the automation or automated mechanical action functional goal is to replace the human operator, automatically complete a particular job. This is essentially automatic instead of manual human point of view. Later, with the electronics and information technology, especially with the emergence of the computer, and extensive application of the concept of automation has been extended for the use of machinery (including computers) instead of people not only physical but also mental replace or assist to automatically complete a specific job. Today, the concept seems to automation is not perfect. Goal of the automated functions as machines replace human manual or mental labor is relatively narrow understanding. This is understandable and even to some extent hindered the development of automation technology, for example, some people believe that Chinas population, engage in no great need for automation. Today, automation has far exceeded the traditional concept with a more broad and profound meanings.Automation of generalized content include at least the following: in the form of manufacturing automation has three meanings: to replace human manual labor, to replace or assist people mental, man-machine manufacturing systems and system-wide coordination, management, control and optimization. Function, the automation of manual or mental work instead of people is only part of the objective system automation. Automation features a number of objectives, has formed an organic system. In the scope of manufacturing automation is not only related to the specific manufacturing process, but all the processes involved in the product life cycle. Automation is a dynamic concept, has a very broad and deep content. Manufacturing Automation Technology currently very activeTrends of modern production and the development of science and technology, automation technology becomes more and more demands, but also for innovative automation technology to provide the necessary conditions. After 70 years, began to automate complex system control and advanced the development of intelligent control, and widely used in national defense, scientific and economic fields, to achieve greater automation, such as large enterprise integrated automation system, the national railway automatic scheduling system, the national grid automatic scheduling system, air traffic control systems, urban traffic control systems, automated command system, national economic management system. The application of automation in the field of engineering extended to non-engineering fields, such as medical automation, population control, economic management and automation. Automation will be greater imitation of human intelligence, robots have been in the industry, ocean development and space exploration and other application fields, expert systems in medical diagnosis, geological exploration and achieved remarkable results. Factory automation, office automation, home automation and agricultural automation will become an important part of the new technological revolution and rapid development.Electrical Automation Electrical Engineering and Automation of tentacles all walks of life to a single switch design, large space flight research, has its shadow. The professional electrical engineering students to engage with the system operation, automatic control, power electronics technology, information processing, testing technology, developed, economic management, and application of electronic and computer technology work in the field is wide caliber compound High engineering and technical personnel. The high level of talent on the field of high demand. It is estimated that, with the entry of large foreign companies in this specialized field will be big gaps are likely to occur when personnel shortage.Electrical Engineering and Automation is the electric field of information a new subject, but because peoples daily lives and industrial production is closely related to the development of very fast, is now relatively mature. Has become an important part of high-tech industry is widely used in industry, agriculture, national defense and other fields, in the national economy is playing an increasingly important role. Control theory and electrical power network theory is the basis of engineering and automation, power electronics technology, computer technology is its main technical means, but also includes system analysis, system design, system development and system management and decision-making research. Some features of the profession is the combination of strong and weak power, the combination of electric and electronic technology, software and hardware combined with a cross-disciplinary nature, power, electronics, control, computer, multidisciplinary, so that graduates have a strong ability to adapt is the Bore professional.Electrical Engineering and Automation of the majority of candidates have a strong appeal, are popular professional, College Entrance Examination is often much higher than other professional direction, the main reason for this situation are: easy job, good working environment, income high; name sounds good, professional content attractive to students; social advocacy and public opinion in its favor. Direction of the profession has a very good development prospects of research results more easily converted into real products, but also a significant economic returns. His creative research ideas attracted many candidates, there really is a good place to showcase their talents. However, given the current form of domestic, candidates applying to sit the professional should note the following points when: (1) give full consideration to their interests. Maybe not his natural interest in this direction, but many people say is good, then himself, interested in the. This later development is very harmful to the interest, after all, is the best teacher. (2) to measure their overall quality. Electrical engineering and automation requires a solid mathematical, physical basis, strong language integrated capabilities for the future to master professional knowledge and flexibility in preparation. The demand for professional talent direction although large, but there are many options for people, if not the overall quality is very strong, very difficult to stand out among the crowd, and achieved outstanding success. Perhaps this lofty ambition for many candidates is not acceptable.Of course, the two points mentioned here and also the feasibility of individual students to pursue, and if a person seeking only a better job, the profession is indeed a good choice. However, if you want to make a breakthrough in technological innovation contribution is to establish a personal strength and hard work based on the pie is never without reason from heaven. As the professional research a wide range of application prospects good, professional quality graduates is relatively high, the employment situation is very good. Our country is now a great need for the professional direction of talent, a family of small to big to the whole community can not do without these professionals work. Typically, graduates can choose the quality and technical supervision of state departments, research institutes, industrial and mining enterprises; also some foreign investment, private sector, the treatment course is considerable. If the student ability is strong enough, they accumulated during their studies better research, can own business, break a piece of the sky of their own. Be noted that, due to the direction of foreign professionals in the research should be ahead of us, so if you want to develop further and establish itself in the direction of national leadership, study abroad is a good choice.Electrical Engineering and Automation is a science, engineering, integrating text, financial engineering, art and computer design in one of the new cross-disciplinary expertise. Main disciplines including electrical engineering, computer science and technology, Control Science and Engineering. This professional production in the 70s, first at Oxford University in England, for the first time that the direct current control mode, then the implementation of components of the drive voltage is a DC control voltage is DC, the automated system works is very simple rough accuracy is low. But the DC control mode because of its long history has been well known, people naturally think of communication with DC to control the actuator. With the transistor, power transistor, FET and other electronic devices power the emergence and maturity, and the establishment of the presence of the theory, modern mathematics, matrix algebra for the theoretical basis of weak electric control system is more powerful technology and automation of electronic reached a new historical height. Thus, the profession has been extensive development in Japan, the United States, Britain and other countries, universities have also set up the profession, the results also in this period and many, such as the completion of CNC machine tools, workshop plant control work has is a new subject. Electronic technology and automation, computer combination, Electronic Engineering and Automation gives a whole new meaning. Unmanned system simplified structure is reasonable, plug and play type of product to become the new darling.Early (1949-1966) many of our universities have established the profession, the main practice teaching links include circuits and electronic technology experiment, the electronic technology practice, curriculum design, metalworking, manufacturing practice and graduation design, and many of the national culture of talents. Who has become the industry experts, located in Chinas many provinces and cities as the backbone. Cultural Revolution period, due to political influence, the countrys institutions of higher learning have to stop the enrollment, the profession had been greatly affected, first teacher was denounced, was simply not exist in the school, only to stop enrollment. But even so, many teachers did not stop the research. They know that electrical engineering and automation modernization of our country play an important role, therefore, during this period did not give up on the professional research and exploration.After reform and opening up, under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the University resumed recruitment, the professional has developed, many universities have established the profession, and one after another enrollment each year and trained a large number of high-level talented people, including the bachelor, Dr. intellectuals, especially now, professional enrollment, the enrollment capacity of the profession is rising.