高考第一轮复习用书·英语人教必修4unit1

教 材 案,2012年四川卷,假如你是大学一年级新生李华。开学之初,你的英语老师Ms Li希望了解每位同学的英语学习情况,并征求教学建议。请按以下要点用英语给她写一封信。,1.对英语学习的认识;2.自己目前的英语水平;3.自己英语学习存在的主要问题;4.对英语教学的两点建议。,注意:,1.词数100左右; 2.信的开头和结尾已给出。,Dear Ms Li,Im very happy to have you as our English teacher.(欢迎对方做自己的老师,表达认同感。),As the world is becoming a global village, English is getting more and more important, so mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.(谈自己对英语的认识。),My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English. I really hope that you can give me good advice on how to memorize new words.,Another suggestion is to give us more chances to practice speaking. I believe we can make much progress in English with your help.(介绍“我”在学习中遇到的困难,并提出自己的建议。),Thank you!,Li Hua,“mastering English”为动名词短语,在句中作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。,请用动名词完成句子:,can broaden our bo-som and make us get close to the real world. 环游世界可以让我们胸襟开阔,更加了解真实的世界。,【答案】Traveling around the world,本句是一个省略句,相当于“I often feel nervous when I am speaking English”。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以将状语从句的主语和be动词同时省略。,请把下面的句子简化为省略句:,Tom saw some little fish swimming in the river when he was walking along the bank.在河岸散步时汤姆看到一些小鱼在,河里游来游去。,Tom saw some little fish swimming in the river .,【答案】when walking along the bank,1.Only when I put myself in their position did I know they are more miserable than I.只有当我设身处地为他们着想的时候,我才知道他们比我还可怜。,2.The small boy came running down the street, crying his eyes out because he had lost his mother. 这小男孩沿着街跑,哭得很伤心,因为他妈妈不见了.,3.When I was about to go out shopping, it suddenly hit me that,the shops would be closed. 我正要出去购物时,突然想到那些商店可能关门了。,1.n.成就;功绩 vt. 获得;完成;实现,2.n.组织;机构;团体vt.组织,3.vt.习性,4.vt.观察;遵守n.观察;观测,5.vt. 争吵,6.n.人群;观众adj.拥挤的,7.vt.鼓舞;激发;启示adj.鼓舞人心的adj.受到鼓舞的,8.vi.谈到;查阅;参考n.参考,9.adj.考虑周到的n.考虑;体谅vt.考虑,10.adj.谦虚的;谦让的;适度的 n.谦逊;谦虚adv.谦虚地;适度地,1. 离开;起程;出发,2. .过着的生活,3. 涌上心头;涌入脑海,4. 蔑视;瞧不起,5. 查阅;谈到;参考,6. 碰巧;凑巧,7. (偶然)遇见;碰见,8. 继续;坚持,1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.,2.Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the,chimps in laboratories.,3.Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into med-ical school.,4.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.,词汇拓展:,1.achievement; anization; organize,3.behave; behaviour4.observe; observation5.argue; argu-ment6.crowd; crowded7.inspire; inspiring; inspired,8.refer; reference9.considerate; consideration; consider,10.modest; modesty; modestly,短语小结:,1.move off2.lead a; life3.crowd in4.look down upon / on5.refer to6.by e across8.carry on,1.behave vt.(举止或行为)表现,考点微博,behave oneself 举止规矩,behave well / badly举止良好/糟糕,Do behave!规矩些!,well-behaved 表现好的,badly-behaved 表现差的,behaviour n. U行为;举止,即境活练,.完成句子,(1)Some children could be noisy and .有些孩子会吵闹而且表现差。,(2)If you , Ill let you stay up to watch the movie.如果你守规矩,我就让你熬夜看电影。,class.校长不允许课堂上有不规矩的行为。,(4)The party was a success. We ourselves very much last night. 晚会非常成功。我们昨晚玩得很开心。,【答案】(1)badly-behaved(2)behave yourself(3)bad be-haviour(4)enjoyed,(3)The headmaster doesnt allow in, since you are at a strangers home.,A.You can B.Behave yourself,C.Go ahead D.Never mind,【答案与解析】B根据答语后半句“既然你在陌生人家里”,可得出答案为B项。Behave yourself“规矩些”,符合语境。Go ahead“做吧;干吧”;Never mind“不要紧;没关系;不用担心”。,.单项填空,The moon cake is really delicious. Can I have some more?,2.argue vi.争辩,考点微博,argue for 为争论;为辩护,argue against 反对,argue with 与争辩,argue with sb on / about / over sth与某人争辩某事,argue sb into / out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事,argument n.争论;争辩;争吵,即境活练,.完成句子,(1)We her on such a dangerous journey. 我们说服她不要踏上这样危险的旅途。,(2)This is a subject we might argue for a long time. 这是一个我们可以辩论很久的问题。,【答案】(1)argued; out of going(2)about which,.单项填空,Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.,A.of which B.with which,C.about whichD.into which,【答案与解析】C表示“就某事与某人争论”时,常用ar-gue with sb on / about / over sth。,3.intend vt.计划;打算,考点微博,intend sth 打算,intend to do sth 打算做某事,intend doing sth打算做某事,intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事,intend sth as / for把某物当用,intend that.意欲、打算,It is intended that.计划,be intended to do sth 旨在做某事,had intended to do = intended to have done 原打算做某事(却没有做),即境活练,.完成句子,(1)He intends .他没有恶意。,(2)This dictionary high school students.这本词典是专为高中生设计的。,(3) intended production will start at the end of the month.计划月底开始生产。,(4)The book is not intended vocabulary.这本书的目的不是扩大词汇量。,【答案】(1)no harm(2)is intended for(3)It is; that(4)to enlarge,.单项填空,He to go, but on second thoughts, he gave up the idea.,A.had intendedB.intended,C.intendsD.have intended,【答案与解析】A从语境“.on second thoughts, he gave up the idea”可知,此处表示“原打算做某事,而实际上却没有”,故用had intended to do sth。,1.refer to 提到;说到;参考;查阅,考点微博,refer to. as. 把称作,reference n.言及;提及;参考;查阅,in / with reference to.关于,without reference to 与无关;不管,即境活练,.用refer相关短语的适当形式填空,(1)In his speech, he the Bible several times. 他在演说中好几次提到圣经。,(2)I knew the lady Bill when she spoke of a bright young lad. 当这位太太说起一个聪明小伙子时,我知道她指的是比尔。,(3)Do you know the girl in the report?你认识报告中提到的那个女孩吗?,(4)While giving the English speech, one is not allowed the notes.做英语演讲时,参赛选手不得看稿子。,【答案】(1)referred to(2)was referring to(3)referred to(4)to refer to,.单项填空,It is a foolish act tonotes during a test as you will be severely punished.,A.stick to B.refer to,C.keep to D.point to,【答案与解析】Brefer to “参考;查阅”。句意:考试期间看笔记是很愚蠢的,因为你将为此受到严厉的惩罚。,2.carry on 继续;坚持;进行(生意、谈话等),考点微博,carry on with sth = carry on doing sth 继续做某事,carry off 赢得;获得(奖品、荣誉等),carry out 实行;执行;履行(诺言、义务等),carry away 运走;使入迷;使兴奋,即境活练,.用carry out, carry on, carry off, carry away 的适当形式填空,(1)Who prevents their plans from,?,(2)We reviewed our experience, new ex-periments, and piled up data.,(3)I by the relief joy that spread across the country.,(4)She the first prize in the singing com-petition.,【答案】(1)being carried out(2)carried on(3)was carried away(4)carried off,After the meal, we hurried back to the lab toour ex-periments.,A.stick to B.hold on,C.insist on D.carry on,【答案与解析】D句意:吃过饭后,我们匆忙回到实验室继续试验。carry on“继续做某事”,符合语境。stick to“坚持”;hold on“坚持;别挂断”;insist on“坚持”。,.单项填空,She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.她一生致力于中国妇女儿童的医疗工作。,考点微博,devote ones life (oneself / time / energy) to = be devot-ed to 致力于,(1)在该结构中 to 为介词,后面需要接名词、代词或动名词。,(2)to为介词的类似短语还有:be / get used to“习惯于”; get down to“开始认真(做某事)”; look forward to“盼望;期待”; pay attention to“注意”; object to“反对;不赞成”; see to“照料;照顾”; be up to“从事于”; get close to“接近”; on the way to“正要成为”; stick to“坚持”;be accustomed to“习惯于”;give rise to“引起”;be addicted to“沉溺于,”;be lost to“感觉不到”等。,(3)devoted 可用作形容词作定语或者状语。如:,a devoted friend 一位忠诚的朋友,Devoted to her children, the mother has little time for herself.时间大部分都用到孩子身上,这位母亲很少有属于自己的时间。,即境活练,.句式仿写,一位优秀的教师应该完全忠于教育事业,以便把工作做得最好。,【答案】A good teacher should be fully devoted to the cause,of education so that he could do best in his job.,.单项填空,They are quiet, arent they?,Yes. They are accustomed at meals.,A.to talk B.to not talk,C.to talking D.to not talking,【答案与解析】D固定短语be accustomed to意为“习惯于”,其中to为介词,后接名词或动名词。句意:“他们很安静,是吧?”“是的,他们习惯了吃饭时不说话。”,1.Listening to MP4 too muchcaused hearing loss in some teenagers.,A.is B.are,C.has D.have,【答案与解析】C动名词作主语看作单数,谓语动词也用单数,且此处不用被动语态。,主谓一致,2.Mary is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the girls whoevening dress.,A.wear B.wears,C.has worn D.have worn,【答案与解析】Bthe only修饰先行词,定语从句谓语用单数;再根据主句可知应用一般现在时。,3.The number of mainland students attending HK universities rising steadily since 1990.,A.is B.are,C.has been D.have been,【答案与解析】Cthe number of +名词复数作主语,谓语用单数,又因为时间状语为since 1990,故用现在完成时。,4.Jack, together with his wife and daughters, visit Shanghai this summer.,A.is going to B.are going to,C.was going to D.were going to,【答案与解析】A主语是Jack,谓语用单数,再由this sum-mer可知用一般将来时。,5.Either you or one of your colleagues to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.,A.are B.is,C.have D.be,【答案与解析】Beither. or.连接主语时,谓语遵循就近原则,此处应该与one of your colleagues保持一致,故谓语用第三人称单数。,考 向 案,视角情境,She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年时间观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。(Line 16, Page 2),observe是及物动词,意为“观察”,此处为动词-ing形式作状语。,考向1:observe,考题解构,视角拓展,（续表),典例分析,(2013届江苏启东一中月考)When we started out, it was sun-ny, but we soon that it had turned cloudy.,A.watchedB.glared,C.staredD.observed,【答案】D,【考点】observe与其近义词的辨析。,【解析】句意:我们出发时天气晴朗,但是不久我们天转阴了。根据语义可知,此处所缺的意思是“注意到;观察到”,所以用observe。watch“观看”;glare“怒目而视”;stare“盯着看”,都不合句意。,情境转换,(2013届福建莆田统考,短文填词)They are shocked to find that in this town the traffic rules are not strictly (遵守).,【答案】observed / obeyed,【考点】考查observe的被动语态。,【解析】分析句子成分可知,句子的主语是the traffic rules,所以用被动语态。,考向2:come across,视角情境,By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in womens diseases. 很偶然地,我看到了一篇关于妇科医生林巧稚的文章。(Line 6, Page 6),come across意为“偶遇;无意中发现”。,考题解构,（续表）,视角拓展,典例分析,(2013届北京良乡中学月考)Do you know him?,No. Ive never remembered having a man like that.,A.come acrossB.come out,C.come aboutD.come up,【答案】A,【考点】come短语辨析。,【解析】句意:“你认识他吗?”“不认识。我从不记得见过这样一个人。”come across意为“碰到;遇见”,符合句意。,情境转换,(2013届湖北省武汉市联考题,完成句子) Last Sunday morn-ing, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I a crew making a new film with one of my fa-vorite actors.(come)上周日上午,当我在我家附近的公园里散步时,我遇见了一群剧组正在制作电影,里面有我最喜欢的演员们。,【答案】came across,【考点】come across短语的用法。,【解析】根据“when I was having a walk in the park near my home和a crew making a new film with one of my favorite ac-tors”可知,此处意为“偶然遇到”,所以填across构成come across短语。,视角情境,Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙,这才使她得以开始自己的计划。(Line 19, Page 2),only修饰状语位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装语序。,考向3:only引导的倒装句,考题解构,（续表）,典例分析,(2008年江苏卷,32) you eat the correct foods be able to keep fit and stay healthy.,A.Only if; will you B.Only if; you will,C.Unless; will you D.Unless; you will,【答案】A,【考点】only if引导的倒装句。,【解析】only if意为“只要就”,引导的句子要用部分倒装语序。句意:只要你吃正确的食品,你就能保持健康的身体。,情境转换,(2010年湖北卷,完成句子)Only if people of all the countries are united (我们才能解决)the existing problems in the world. (solve),【答案】will we be able to solve / can we solve,【考点】倒装句。,【解析】only if位于句首修饰状语从句要用倒装语序。根,据语法规则可知,主句是将来时,状语从句是现在时,由此可以确认主句的助动词是will,或者使用情态动词can。,.基础再现,从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每小题1分。,1.While he is only human being on that island, he still leads happy life.,A.an; aB.an; theC.the; theD.the; a,【答案与解析】D考查冠词。第1空the only human being表示“唯一的人”,为特指;第2空lead a happy life为固定词组,意为“过着幸福的生活”。,2.Since it was a hot day, the children had to play under the of a large beach umbrella.,A.supportB.shadeC.blockD.shadow,【答案与解析】B考查名词辨析。句意:因为天气很热,孩子们不得不在大遮阳伞下玩。under the shade of“在的遮挡下”。,3.For various reasons they all , and Alice was soon left alone.,A.moved offB.took off,C.gave offD.carried off,【答案与解析】A考查动词短语辨析。move off“离开”, 根据下文的“就只剩下爱丽丝自己”可知。,4.Only when I left my hometown for the university how much I loved it.,A.I realized B.I had realized,C.had I realized D.did I realize,【答案与解析】D考查倒装句。only置于句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时,句子要倒装。由于realize所表示的动作发生在left之后,所以要用一般过去时。,5. the forests are destroyed, it takes many years for the trees to grow so tall.,A.Even if B.If only C.While D.Once,【答案与解析】D考查状语从句。once在此是连词,表示“一旦就”。,6. China has made in space technology in the past few years!,A.What great achievement,B.How great achievement,C.What great achievements,D.How great achievements,【答案与解析】C考查感叹句。achievement是可数名词,此处要用复数。make great achievements“取得巨大的成就”。,7.George is the only one of the students who to take part in the Oral English competition.,A.have beenB.has been,C.areD.is,【答案与解析】D考查主谓一致。the only + one of the + n.后有定语从句时,定语从句的谓语动词通常用单数形式。,8.Most teachers believe that it is to go over what the students have learnt before a new lesson.,A.worthB.worthy,C.valuableD.worthwhile,【答案与解析】D考查形容词辨析。it is worthwhile to do为固定句型,意为“是值得的”。,9. to the concert with me tonight?,Sorry. I have to write a report.,A.Why dont goB.Why not to go,C.Why not goD.Why not going,【答案与解析】C考查固定句型。why not do sth“为什么不做”,not后接不带to的动词不定式。,10.Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?,Thank you. .,A.If you like B.Of course, you can,C.It couldnt be betterD.Its up to you,【答案与解析】C考查交际用语。It couldnt be better表示非常同意上文提出的观点。,.视角拓展,阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每小题1.5分。,A healthy diet includes all foods.Variety is important be-cause no one food can1 all the nutrients the body needs for health. We can make many possible 2 within each food group to stress specific needs like fiber.,Foods 3 important nutrients can help us prevent disease.They even 4 our health.Without doubt, fats is important to limit in your diet if you want to 5 your risk of serious dis-ease. Fat appears to carry the greatest amount of 6. Alco-hol is not pictured on the food pyramid, but if it were it would be in the tip of the pyramid. Women who will give birth to a baby should 7 alcohol drinks.,Foods and drinks that are less nutritious do not have to be re-,moved but they should be consumed in moderationexcept for 8 occasions. Making healthy food choices can be the dif-ference between health and disease.,【语篇大意】健康饮食能预防疾病,本文对科学饮食给出了若干建议。,1.A.cover B.convey C.provide D.ensure,【答案与解析】C食物的种类十分重要是因为没有一种食物能够“提供(provide)”身体健康所需的所有营养。,2.A.suggestions B.decisions,C.choices D.minds,【答案与解析】C在一定的食物群里为了强调特别的需要,如纤维,我们能够作出很多种的“选择(choice)”。本题可以从文章尾句看出答案。,3.A.containing B.consuming,C.transforming D.forming,【答案与解析】A“包含(contain)”重要营养的食物能够帮助我们预防疾病。,4.A.ruin B.strengthen C.form D.restore,【答案与解析】D承接上句,此处表示递进,因此用“re-store”,说明食物还能“恢复”我们的健康。,5.A.increase B.control C.reduce D.prevent,【答案与解析】Creduce your risk of serious disease“降低患严重疾病的风险”。,6.A.energy B.risk C.illness D.function,【答案与解析】B从第5空后的risk一词可看出答案。,7.A.enjoy B.greet C.ignore D.avoid,【答案与解析】D承接上句可知,即将分娩的孕妇应当“避免(avoid)”饮酒。,8.A.special B.common C.rare D.merry,【答案与解析】A营养成分不多的食物和饮料不必被排除在食谱之外,只有在“特殊(special)”的场合可以适度使用它们。,.高度提升,阅读下面短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。每小题2分。,Jane Goodall was born in London, on April 3, 1934. She grew up in Bournemouth on the southern coast of England. On her second birthday, Janes father bought her a beautiful, life-like toy chimpanzee named Jubilee, in honor of a baby chimpanzee born at the London Zoo. Jane loved the toy, and today, Jubillee sits on a chair in her home in England.,As a child, Jane Goodall was an avid (热心的) reader of the popular Tarzan books. But at the age of ten or eleven, she,dreamed of going to Africa to live with animals. She had en-couragement from her mother, who told her, “Jane, if you re-ally want something, and if you work hard, take the advantage of the opportunities, and never give up, you will somehow find a way.”,When a friend invited her to Kenya in 1975, Jane readily ac-cepted the offer. And that year, Jane traveled to Kenya by boat, and it was there that she heard of Dr Louis Leakey and man-,aged to impress him with her knowledge of Africa and its wildlife. Dr Louis Leakey hired her as his assistant at Combe National Park watching the wild chimpanzees and recording everything she saw.,Goodall married Baron Hugo van Lawick in 1964. In 1965 she earned her PhD in Ethology (动物行为学) from Cambridge U-niversity and returned to Tanzania for her studies. One of the many Goodall observations was that of chimpanzees making,and using tools. This behavior was previously (先前) thought to separate humans from other animals. Over the years, Goodalls studies have continued to show the many striking similarities between humans and chimpanzees.,【语篇大意】简古德尔小时候就喜欢动物,梦想着去非洲和野生动物亲密接触,她在非洲丛林中和猩猩住在一起,发现了猩猩可以制造和使用工具。,1.Who was Jubilee according to the passage?,A.Jane Goodalls father.,B.Goodalls toy chimpanzee.,C.The first chimpanzee Goodall met.,D.A baby chimpanzee born at the London Zoo.,【答案与解析】B根据第1段“On her second birthday, Janes father bought her a beautiful, life-like toy chimpanzee,named Jubilee”可知,Jubilee是玩具猩猩。,2.As a child, Jane Goodall was fond of .,A.buying toy chimpanzee,B.reading Tarzan books,C.living with animals,D.playing in the forest,【答案与解析】B根据第2段“As a child, Jane Goodall was an avid reader of the popular Tarzan books”可知。,3.Which of the following is the right time order about Goodall?,a.Jane Goodall went to Kenya.,b.Goodall ma