八年级上册英语第一单元.doc

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?知识点一：Where did you go on vacation?本句为一般过去时的特殊疑问句，其句式结构为“_”,句中_是助动词do 的过去式。_是度假的意思。“on+名词” 表示在某种状态中或从事某种活动。依照例句改写下列句子A e.g.He went to the Central Park.He didnt go to the Central Park. Did he go to the Central Park? Yes,he did./No,he didnt.1. She visited her uncle.2. We studied for exams last week.3. They went to the movies yesterday.B.e.g.I went to the summer camp.Where did you go?1. My grandma stayed at home last week.2. They went to the beach on vacation.3.The weather is awful.4.The people there were unfriendly.知识点二：一般过去时请用正确动词形式填空。1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. -_ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? -No, she _.3. -What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? -He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interestingbook.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend.She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.总结：1. 定义：一般过去时表示_所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间_等连用。2. 一般过去时对谓语动词的要求一般过去时用动词的过去式构成。动词过去式的构成分_和_两种形式，不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆，规则变化则遵循以下原则：(1) 一般_。如：playplayed, offeroffered(2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加_.如：likeliked(3) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，_。如：planplanned (4) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则_如： flyflied口诀：一加ed,二加d,三要双写，四注意，y变成ied,特殊形式特殊记。练习题：1.What did you do on vacation?I_to New York City.A. goB.goingC.wentD.goes2.They helped me_my books. A. findedB. findC. foundD. finding3.What_you_last night? A. did, doB. do, doC. did, doingD. are, do4.Where did she go on vacation? She_to the beach. A. goB. goesC. wentD. going5. Did he go to Central Park? Yes, he_.A. did B. didnt C. do D. Does句型变换：1 Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句） Lucy _ _ her homework at home. 2 He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge? 3There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句) _ there _ orange in the cup? 4. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）_ Frank _ an interesting book about history?5. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句） _ _ _ out for a walk?翻译下列句子 1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。 I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend.2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night. 3. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。 Emma_ TV every day.But he _ _ _ yesterday. 4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。What _ they _ _ Saturday? They _ _ homework and _ _.知识点三：不定代词1. some, any, no, every与-one, -thing可以组成八个不定代词，他们分别是：someone, _ _ _ _ _ _。2. 带some的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中；带 any的复合不定代词常用于否定句或一般疑问句中。例如： 我想吃点东西。 Id like _ to eat. 今天有人给我打电话吗？ Did _ call me today?3. 当形容词修饰不定代词时，应放在其后面。例如：这本书里有什么新东西吗？Is there _ _ in this book?今天没有什么特别的事。Theres _ _ today.4.由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，都作单数看待，其谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。例如：Something is wrong with my watch.Well, everyone wants to win.Nobody knows what the future will be like.There is something for everyone at Greenwood Park.5. 除no one以外，其他复合不定代词都写成一个词。补充：熟读、翻译并识记下列短语 1. anything but_ 2.nothing but_ 3.something/anything of_ 4.much of_ 5.nothing/ little of_ 6.something like_ 7.second to none_8.all to nothing_9.for nothing_10.be nothing to_11.to say nothing of_12.go for nothing_13.have nothing to do but do sth._14.there is nothing to do sth._15.nothing but_16.nothing if not_17.come to nothing_18.think nothing of_19.have nothing to do with_20there is nothing in it._21.anything but_如：他并不用功。_22.nothing adj to do _如：今天下午我没有什么特殊的事要做。_23.nothing but_24.have nothing to do but do sth.=have no chance but to do sth._如：我今天早上只喝了杯茶。_I had nothing to do but watch TV._翻译：He is something of a philosopher._He has seen something of life._He is very much of a poet._He is nothing of a musician._He is little of a scholar._It shaped something like a cigar._Hes anything but diligent._The boy is nothing but a rascal._There was nothing but silence in the room._知识点四：小组讨论并回答下列问题 1. What do people usually do on vacation? _2. What activities do you find enjoyable? _读课文（P5），小组合作回答下列问题 (1) Did Jane have a good time on Monday?_(2) What about on Tuesday?_(3) When did Jane arrive in Penang?_(4) How did Jane and her father go to Penang Hill? _(5) Did Janes father bring enough money on Tuesday?_(6) What was the weather like on July 16th?_补充：1. few, a few为_,修饰_。其中few意为not many, not enough即：_表示否定.如：Few of us speak Russian. 我们当中几乎没有人说俄语。a few意为some, not many即：“一些”、“不多”，虽少但是有表示肯定。如：Im going to buy a few bananas. 我打算去买一些香蕉。2. little, a little作不定代词时，主要_。其中little意为not much, not enough即：_表示否定。如：There is little ink in my pen. 我的钢笔没墨水了。a little意为some, not much即_表示肯定。 如: She knows a little of everything. 她每件事都知道一点。 3. try 意为_ 固定搭配：(1)try to do sth _ (2) try doing sth _ (3) try ones best to do sth_熟读、翻译并识记下列短语1、 stayed at home _ 2. went to New York City_3. visited my uncle_ 4. went to summer camp_5. went to the mountains_ 6. went to the beach_7. visited museums_连词成句 1. did. Where, go, you, vacation, on _？2. last, I, on, was, vacation, month _.3. go, did, anywhere, you, interesting _?4. you, did, go, anyone, with _.5. vacation, was, how, your _?任务型阅读Dear Julia ,Last weekend was a busy time for me . (A) It was a mixture of work and fun . On Saturday morning. My parents went shopping for clothes. My brother Henry played basketball with his friends. (B) I studied for the math test at home .In the afternoon, I went to the beach . On Saturday night my family had dinner together .Then we went to the movies.On Sunday morning, my brother and I cleaned our rooms. In the afternoon, my grandparents visited us . We were happy to see them. They had dinner with us. After dinner, we watched TV. I was tired on Sunday night. I went to bed early.David1. How was Davids last weekend?2. What did Davids parents do on Saturday morning?3. Who came to Davids house on Sunday afternoon ?4. 将（A）句译成汉语5. 将（B）句译成汉语知识点五：重要句子1. I felt like I was a bird. 我觉得自己就像一只鸟。句中felt 是feel的过去式。feel like 的意思是_, like 是_ 词，后面常跟_ 作宾语。如：I feel like _ (play) soccer after school.拓展：feel 用作系动词，表示_, 主语是_,也可以是_如：Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸上去很柔软。I feel terrible this morning. 我今天早晨感觉很糟糕。例：Which dress do you prefer? The red one. It _ more comfortable. A. feels B. smells C. sounds 2. I wonder what life was like here in the past.我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的。本句是what 引导的_ 从句，_是从句，该从句的的语序应为_ 语序。如：I dont know what I should do next. 我不知道我下一步应该怎么做。例：We want to know _ to help them. A. what can we do B. what we can do C. how can we do D. how we can do3.What a difference a day makes！多么不同的一天呀！ 本句中What 引导的感叹句，what 修饰名词。如：What a beautiful flow it is! 它是一朵多么漂亮的花啊！拓展：感叹句的用法： (1) what+a/an+ 形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！如：多么有趣的一部电影啊！_(2) what +形容词+复数名词或不可数名词+主语+谓语！如：孩子们正在读的书是多么有趣啊！_(3) how +形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！如：How heavy a box they are carrying! _(4) How + 形容词+主语+谓语！(5) 如: 这个女孩多聪明啊！_ (5) How + 副词+主语+谓语！如：How fast Jim runs!吉姆跑的多快啊！(6) How + 主语+谓语！如：时间过得真快啊！_4.（1）because of 介词短语，“因为，由于”，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。如：因为坏天气，我们不能出去了。_.（2）because 连词，“因为”，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。如：I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.5.Still no one seemed to be bored.仍然没有人看起来无聊。1） Seem可作不及物动词或连系动词，“好像，似乎，看来”如：Everything seems easy.拓展：Seem的用法：seem + 形容词 “看起来.”You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. “似乎、好像做某事”I seem to have a cold.It seems / seemed + 从句 “看起来好像；似乎”. It seems that no one believe you.seem like .“好像，似乎.”It seems like a good idea.2） bored,boring辨析Bored ：“厌倦的；感到无聊的”，一般在句中修饰人，作表语。Boring：“无趣的；令人厌烦的；单调的”，一般在句中修饰事或物，可作表语和定语。如：Im bored with what he said. I find the story very boring.6.I went to a friends farm in the country with my family.我和家人一起去了乡下一个朋友的农场。a friends farm是名词所有格形式，“一个朋友的农场”。拓展：名词的所有格：名词的所有格主要表示所属关系，它有两种构成方式，即-s 所有格和 of 所有格1） s格的用法1） 主要用于有生命的名词，其所有格构成为：单数名词后加s；复数名词以s作结尾的后加，不以s作结尾的后加s。总结：复数名词以s结尾加，其他都加s如：Toms dog, my brothers books, Marys boyfriend, sheeps skin, your bossdecision.2） 用于表示时间，距离，地点，团体，重量，价格这六类无生命名词的所有格，也要加s表示所有，翻译:a days work_two miles distance_ ten dollars worth, _five miles distance,_twenty pounds weight，_Beijings future, _the governments decision，_Japans industry，_the earthplants._3） 所有格的一个特殊形式：共有物，只在最后一个名词的后面加s，即“共有物，最后加”；不共有，则每个名词之后都要加s，即“各自有，各自加”；如：(Bill和Hillary共有的房子) _ (Bill和Hillary各自的房子)