基于RFID的产品物流动态跟踪模型和追溯方法（外文翻译）.doc

外文文献资料OverviewIntroduction1 IntroductionAt home and abroad to track and trace of goods very seriously. EU laws and regulations related to sales in the EU beef products and fresh fruits and vegetables can be traced back to be a function. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Food and Drug Administration, FDA) requirements for food safety traceability. China in July 2007 and 12 months, has issued a food recall regulations, and drug recall management approach, and the state recently issued a Food Safety Law, requires food / pharmaceutical manufacturing and distribution companies to dynamically track the current location of the same batch of product and other information, timely and easily recall the products in question. In the International Organization for Standardization IS04802: 1949, the traceability is defined as: method by recording the identity of an entity to determine the origin, purpose and location capabilities. Item traceability means the source of raw materials or components, products, processing history, product distribution and location of the circulation process can be traced back. 3 RFID information for regional public service platform, including middle ware service modules and the underlying hardware modules, the enterprise data center modules and enterprise application modules. RFID middle ware services through the use of message queues to each reader to read the event-driven process chain (Event-driven Process China, EPC) information sent to the enterprise data center initiative, database and enterprise data centers by the Electronic Product Code Information (Electronic Product Code InformationService, EPCIS) composed of EPC information storage products, and provides data exchange and query.4 designed a lightweight RFID tracking information model and framework, including the item name resolution server, the server tracing items, items of information and public service proxy server. 5 using the data grid with a combination of RFID, tracking and tracing system of agricultural building, the RFID data to standardized extensible markup language (eXtensible Markup Language, XML) document formal description, using the event mechanism, disseminating Unified treatment with RFID event subscription mechanism. Guangdong Province and Fujian Province, inspection and quarantine departments to RFID technology eel products for export quality control information in real time tracking and management, the Shanghai RFID technology on the quality of live pigs using retrospective. 7 proposed dynamic tracking task model of the manufacturing sector, strengthening the supply chain traceability, 8 and 9 proposed a closed-loop field applies only to a single RFID tracking system.RFID systems typically reader r at time t s the formation of the data tag identifying tuple (r, s, t) sent directly to the application system to manage the underlying data flow into the RFID data streams. 11 introduced a simple event processing and event-driven state labels identify state transitions, the use of application-independent and application-related complex event processing mechanism, the raw RFID data into information system requirements for the application, and can customize a particular complex event processing Rules. 12 proposed a composite subscription language, design and timing of events based on the subscription graph matching algorithms to support timing and non-triggered events testing. 13 analyzed the flow based on a shared event handler (Stream-based and Shared Event Processing, SASE) the complexity of the shortcomings of the event algorithm, using Hash tables and finite automate (Deterministic Finite Automaton, DFA) to store and complexity of testing RFID Events.In summary, there are RFID product tracking retrospective study focused on RFID RFID data collection and item information tracking records, RFID information on research and development of public service platform, RFID middle ware and RFID event handling mechanism of the studies focus on RFID data without redundant I acquisition, data filtering, simple data into RFID complex event, RFID complex event processing mechanism and the event publish and subscribe mechanism. Currently, RFID Application of a lack of business applications of RFID events and technology research; the lack of concurrent RFID event processing mechanism, not related to RFID events and business integration between business documents.For RFID technology for tracking and tracing of goods demand, this paper presents the semantic events based on RFID tracking model and tracing of goods means the RFID XML-based business events, recording, storage and traceability products, logistics information, research RFID event concurrent Processing mechanism, designed RFID-based item tracking and tracing system of the functional architecture, network architecture and security methods to achieve event-based RFID real-time tracking and tracing items of information inquiries.2 radio frequency identification-based tracking and tracing items modelIn order to establish information systems to track model and product logistics corresponding relationship between the entities, need to address the physical entity identification and management system for encoding data in the corresponding mapping problem. Logistics unit can be traced back as the product tracking and tracing of objects, which can be product raw materials, semi-finished products, single items, boxes, trays, containers, etc., can be traced back unit 14, including the definition of identification information and record information in two parts. Identification information of the main function is to ensure the continuity of the process of tracking and tracing; record information to achieve the main function is to trace the internal and external circulation. Unit can be traced through the design and construction, will be tracking and tracing of physical entities in the supply chain into different units of information can be traced back back, back to the information from the physical realization of the change retroactive.3 the semantic definition of RFID event handling EPC global organization EPCIS interface standards issued H nails, EPCIS provides a modular, scalable data and service interface, making the EPC related data can be shared within the enterprise and between enterprises. EPCIS interfaces, including the definition of EPC events, access and query. This follows and extends the EPCIS interface, using XML semantic description and storage logistics, RFID business event.3.1 The state of radio frequency identification products, logistics semantic description of eventsBased on product logistics in the supply chain changes state, the RFID business event divided into five types of complex: object events, said the EPC tag read event; polymerization events, events that merge multiple labels; number of events that the number of tags similar items; trade events, to represent business processes associated with the event, which can bind to specific business orders; query event, to represent the number of event queries. RFID event in the XML element used to identify the parameters of product logistics real state time, tag, reader locations, units, business type, associated labels, documents value. Based on product logistics tracking and tracing needs, identifying business events, including raw material testing RFID warehousing, recipients of raw materials, key component assembly, off the production line, single-product packing, storage box, box a library, storage and distribution, distribution of the library, transportation tracking, retail warehousing, commodity split, marketing, product information, product return and so on. EPCIS server products, the main function as follows: the state capture products businesses, the RFID business events in real time through the collection of XML files uploaded to the EPCIS database stored; through port mapping, external network to provide a query service.Figure l shows an aggregate production of packing event. Among them, the aggregated object 012000011000000010000000; polymer EPC tag contains 01000001 1000000030000000. 0100000110000000F0000000, 01000001 1000000060000000. Action to increase the label, bizStep operational steps for packaging; disposition for the storage stage; readPoint 102 reader; bizLocation 001 business location for manufacturers.200709-20T15：55：04+08：00urn：epc：id：GID：012000011000000010000000epc)urn：epc：id：GID：010000011000000030000000urn：epc：id：GID：0100000l 10000000F0000000urn：epc：id：GID：010000011000000060000000(epcAurn：demo：bizstep：packageurn：demo：disp：storageurn：demo：readpoint：102urn：demo：bizloc：manufacture：001Figure 1 RFID products, packing the definition of business events3.2 RFID complex event stream processing mechanismRFID data acquisition is responsible for configuration and monitoring equipment, access to RFID data, RFID data filtering and integration, and in accordance with Operational Directive, the RFID data with the semantics of the RFID package for the event. RFID event detection component responsible for finding a large number of concurrent RFID event and the event to be processed into the cache pool. RFID event scheduling component query the rule base in the event processing rules or conditions, all pending event processing and weighted priority scheduling, priority queues generated event handling. Priority queue according to event handling, RFID complex event processing components in order to RFID events and enterprise business documents automatically matched to complete the RFID applications for operational or error alarm. At the same time RFID product logistics business events with XML format, through the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP) to upload and store the EPCIS server, the whole process of supply chain traceability queries.RFID events, including real-time scheduling policy priorities based on business rules processing, caching, priority processing, order processing, time-series strategy. Operating system users to generate business documents within the enterprise, RFID data collection and generate RFID event, RFID event in the computer cache and internal systems match between business documents automatically by the system. RFID complex event processing is handled automatically by the RFID application, but the need to manually pre-defined real-time complex event processing rules or cache priority.RFID event cache priority treatment strategy: RFID data and RFID event using data objects and stored in the local cache, EPC event processing priority by the hosts cache to give, depending on the readers business process importance (artificial definitions) their respective caches were set high and low priority, so that the EPC be an important priority; size of the cache control module controls for real-time monitoring of each cache, when data in the cache reaches or exceeds the upper limit of the cache, this module to this dynamically change the cache as the highest priority and notify the cache data processing module for processing; cache cache data processing module according to the different priority, priority to high priority buffer, the system automatically sort the RFID business event processing.4 items based on radio frequency identification tracking and tracing system4.1 system functions and network structuresItem tracking and tracing system function structure includes not only traditional RFID middle ware data access layer, data layer and the RFID event management service layer, but also the documents for the integration of business analysis and document conversion, data exchange, EPCIS service and other functional groups pieces. Hardware layer is the product flow of all sectors of the fixed or handheld RFID installation of readers and antennas, as well as trace elements (product / 6 packing / pallet / container) pasted on the RFID tag; access layer consists of RFID reader adapter , RFID data filtering, encryption and data format conversion processing; data layers, including EPCIS database, product database and business documents database; service layer components, including RFID event processing, XML parsing and transformation components business documents, EPCIS events and queries group upload cases, data flow management, data exchange services; based management, including user and rights management, product data and supply chain management and maintenance of enterprise information. RFID RFID application layer, including product data collection (involving manufacturers, distributors, distribution centers, retailers), the product manufacturing process tracking management, circulation tracking management, product traceability query, RFID applications and enterprise business system data exchange.Corporate goods major steps in the logistics operation, the items need to track and share RFID information. Supply chain in the LAN through the USB / Serial / IP port number connected RFID readers, RFID tracking information collected items will be RFID event for business and enterprise data integration applications, through Internet will change the RFID event Condition (XML file) in real time uploading (web service method) to the data center of the RFID event database. Items from the database and EPCIS data center components, storage products and to provide data exchange EPC information, including item tracking server, goods back EPCIS servers, public key / private key secure server.4.2 RFID and enterprise business integration eventEnterprise application systems (such as enterprise resource planning (Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP), Point of Sale (Point of Sale, POS), warehouse management system (Warehouse Manage-ment System, WMS) through the XML file documents the business passed to the RFID track and trace system , The system automatically documents the business matching events with the RFID business of comparison, check and maintain product consistency of logistics and information flow to generate complex EPC events, uploaded to the EPCIS server, and product traceability and queries.To sell the library business, for example, ERP systems, including sales materials code, material name, model specifications, should be made the number of units of measurement, ticket number, shipping warehouse, shipping units, the receiving unit and other information. the XML document will generate sales document object model (Document Object Model, DOM) document objects, XML nodes in the data assigned to object attributes, document object Or-der to complete the data conversion, thereby shielding the documents of different heterogeneous applications . given below, according to RFID events and business matching between objects that the pseudo-code.for(each EventNode child node eNode) if(eNodebizStep=Ordeoutbound) if(ListNodeRFIDid包含Ordeproductid) Quantity=quantity+1 Ielse alertlif(Quantity：Ordernumber)alert(!)；if(QuantityOrdernumber)Ordernumber=Quantity Iif(eNode is a tail event)capture(every eNode)；4.3 Logistics Information Product traceability queryAccording to the product tracing system and the product by the manufacturer to maintain a database of information to provide products and product properties of raw materials, EPCIS events database provides manufacturing and distribution process of the logistics information, and product inquiries, process recording of a single product / package of logistics information More latitude statistical analysis. RFID tag system can provide real-time products, ways to search for and publish / subscription information, the user can be fixed RFID devices, web sites, with RFID read capabilities of Near Field Communication (Near Field Communication, NFC) mobile phone to read the RFID goods Label, by SMS Web Service to access services and search platform product back, get back information on the logistics of products.Information services using the Web Service method, the query service all packaged in a query, the user with a NFC mobile phone or fixed RFID readers can get a check of all information.4.4 RFID Application System SecurityAs computer networks open, sharing, and a higher level of Internet, Internet-based supply chain item tracking and tracing system, more and more important information security, RFID track and trace system, reliable security measures to be taken to ensure that RFID data is not tampered with and Online data transmission security. Therefore, RFID track and trace system safety design has the following methods:(1) RFID tag data encryption to achieve security valuables RFID tags can be encoded EPC written by AES algorithm to encrypt and then label with the private key of the tag reader reads the ciphertext, and then decrypt the received encoded EPC codes.(2) user authentication, and RFID readers track and trace system needs to verify the operation of the users RFID identity cards, only with the private key of the reader to read RFID tag information to be able to realize the access control system to ensure the operational information can not be tampered with . (3) using digital signature technology for the security of RFID data to digital signature technology to RFID tracking client and data center servers a two-way authentication, two-way authentication is used in international high-strength 128-bit general-purpose RSA asymmetric algorithms. RFID transmission of confidential data by adding message authentication code (Message Authentication Code, MAC) approach to achieve message encryption and data integrity c