英语专业八级历年真题翻译题答案.doc

1)1996C-E原文：在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。注释：酒会wine part/cocktail part 冷餐会buffet reception/part; cold dish part是This represents the general trend of development and the common aspiration of the people.（）这是大势所趋，人心所向）/Innovation sustains the progress of a nation.(创新是一个民族进步的灵魂) 毕恭毕敬地very respectfully/politely名片name card/calling card/visitingcard/business card呈递present/offer/hand over对方interlocutor/other side; other party;opposite side这好像是不可缺少的礼节This seems to be the required courtesy on their part（增词）不可缺少的necessary; indispensable; essential; required礼节courtesy; formality; etiquette; ritual主动be ready with sth/take the initiative in doing sth/do sth on ones own initiative/do sth 0f ones own accord/offer to do sth/volunteer to do sth/being willing to do sth/do sth willingly/voluntarily递送名片/掏出名片exhange (ones) cards寒暄几句exchange routine/conventional greatings; greet each other; make small talk海阔天空地聊一番chat freely/randomly/casually/aimlessly about any topic; talk about anything各自走开excuse oneself; simply walk away谈话投机talk agreeably; become deely engrossed/engaged/involved in the conversation; like each other二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way/It would seem somehow bizarre if a person offers his name card without saying anything to the stranger in the first place.参考译文：In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. The French, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way.E-C英译汉原文：It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nations economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government.注释：backdrop: background. hospitable: favorable. lavishly: abundantly/ pentifully/generously. top-flight: first classstaff竞选班子参考译文：这应该不是件难事。这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场的老将，他们跟共和党则有更深厚的渊源，是这个国家里最熟悉总统政治的人。竞选的背景也很有利，也很多好消息可供炒作。例如，美国上下一片和平，美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹。此外，这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助，因此有充裕的资用于组织一流的竞选班子、支付巡回演讲和电视广告的费用。而最重要的一点是，他们的候选人是罗纳德里根，他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。自约翰F肯尼迪总统以来，里根是最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图的总统：一个军事力量复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简的国家。2)1997原文：来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。注释：求学make a further study; pursue a further education亚裔of Asian origin/descent;Asian抽出spend; spare加班work overtime; work extra hours/shifts; do extra/overtime work成果出得较多produce/achieve/make more academic achievements/fruits; be more academically fruitful/productive导师superivsor /advisor/tutor嗜烟好酒be a heavy smoker and drinker; smoked and drank heavily; be addicted to cigarettes and alcohols脾气暴躁be hot-tempered; have a violent/fiery/sharp/irritable temper; quick-/short-tempered; with a fiery temper; in bad temper勤奋diligence; industry; hard work扎实strong (knowledge); solid (foundation); sound; down-to-earth; steady心理pschology; mentality; mind; what one has in his mind招enroll; admit; recruit干脆simply; even贴put up(a singborad); paste (a notice)醒目eye-catching; striking; conspicuous招牌notice; sign; sing borad助研research assistant工作时间working hours; work hours; working time全力以赴nothing but work; spare no efforts (to work); exert oneself (to work); do ones utmost/best; go all out (to work) 严格strictness; rigor; severity; stringency; rigidity苛刻harshness; sternness; severity不顾disregard; ignore; in defiance of; in spite of; regardless of; turn a deaf ear to; without giving any thought to劝阻dissuasion硬着头皮force oneself to do sth (against ones own will); do sth against ones own will); brace oneself to do sth (against ones will); toughen ones scalp; take courage; put a bold face on it; summon up courage参考译文：Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, working overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisors sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.原 文：Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.注释：abdicate (ab-: away from/from off/apart; -dicat-: proclaim. e.g. abnormal/abductlead + away诱拐/劫持)参考译文：聆听歌剧，无疑昂贵至极。但是，昂贵的事物并非必定属于富人的范畴，除非我们放弃社会的选择权。我们可以选择去使歌剧以及其他某些昂贵的文化形式也能为那些不具备个人支付能力的人所享受。但问题是，我们有必要这么做吗？没人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前时代的洞穴中，人类伸出手来，早就不单纯是为了吃、喝或搏杀，而且亦进行绘画创作。人类对于文化的冲动，通过形象思维和再现手段来表现并探索世界的欲望，乃亘古有之。在欧洲，这一欲望在我们的音乐、艺术、文学和戏剧杰作中寻找到了其实现形式。这些杰作构成了我们全部努力的试金石。作为试金石，它们能衡量出人类的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它们携带着最寓意深刻的主题，可在人类彼此间相互传递。3)1998原 文：这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。注释：访问交流(the present/current) visit (to Taiwan) for exchange (注意词语间逻辑关系，汉语意合，英语形合) 看了不少地方has enabled us to see many places/we have seen many places(注意汉语中主语的省略，汉语意合) 中华民族在21世纪的强盛how the Chinese nation can become powerful and prosperous/the powerfulness and prosperity of the Chinese nation/how to make the Chinese nation strong and prosperous in the 21th century/how to make the Chinese nation strong and prosperous大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture/on the very bottom of their hearts is engravedtheir hearts are deeply engraved with a mark of the fine traditions of the Chinese culture/ the fine traditions of the Chinese culture are deeply impressed inscribed on their mind is deeply rooted in their mind/ the fine traditions of the Chinese culture are firmly born in their hearts振兴中华invigorate/rejuvenate/revitalize/develop vigorously the Chinese nation共同理想same dream/common ideal世纪之交/跨世纪at the turn of the century/at the transitional phase between the two millennia走向繁荣富强on the way road to greater strength and prosperity/sriding deveeloping toward greater prosperity/becoming more powerful and prosperous历史前台the foreground forefront of the historical arena stage 用什么样的姿态in what way we should embrace/what attitude we should have/take to welcome/meet参考译文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation). In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.Section B原 文：I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive overphrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent e. g. in painting and music they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.参考译文：在某种程度上，我同我心目中的英语读者的观点一致。美国文学史家看待美国文坛的观念也许过于狭隘，误把显著性当作独特性，他们实在是过于夸耀自己的文学，也就是美国文学中那些并非举足轻重的作家。美国人总是在两种极端之间来回摇摆：一方面是炫耀自己文学时的那种咄咄逼人之势；一方面却是那种同样令人遗憾的对英国文学的盲目模仿。而英国人对自己文学的评价也多少有些偏颇。而且，即使在他们成就并不显著的领域，如绘画和音乐，他们同样在两种极端之间摆动：一方面吹嘘本国作品；一方面又模仿欧陆作品。有多少英国绘画竭力使人觉得它们是在巴黎创作的，而我们读到的多少文章竟吹嘘它们是“英国传统”的真正代表。那么，要谈论美国文学，倒并非意欲断言，它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。广而言之，美国与欧洲一直同步发展，协调一致。在任何一个特定的时刻，旅行者在两地均能目睹同一样式的建筑实例，相同款式的服饰，书架上相同的书籍。在大西洋两岸，思想如同人员与货物往来一样自由交流，尽管有时会略显迟缓。当我提及美国式的习惯、思想等概念时，我意欲在“美国式的”这一词汇之前加上某种限定，因为欧美（尤其是英美）之间的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已，并且有时候仅仅只是微乎其微的一点程度差异而已。差异的多寡是件极为微妙的事情，这极容易使一个英国人在审视美国时大惑不解。他所审视的那个国家，从某些重要的意义上来说，诞生于他自己的国家，并在某些方面仍与他自己的国家相差无几然而，它却实实在在是一个异邦。两者间存在着某些古怪的交替重迭，以及令人甚感突兀的陌生感；亲缘关系已让位于一种突如其来的异化与疏远，这种情景仿佛就像我们隔着马路向另一个人打招呼，结果却从这个人漠无表情的反应中发现，我们原来竟将一个陌生人误认为我们的熟人。4)1999Section A原 文：温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。注释：温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶the glory/splendor /prosperity/brilliance of Vancouver has been achived through the wisdom/intelligence and industry / hard work / diligence of its her people/ is the fruit/product/ achievement/cristalization of the Vancouver people多民族multi-national /multi-ethnic/different nationalities/many ethnic groups/multinationalities加拿大地广人稀sparsely populated, Canada has vast territory/Canda has a vast territroy with a small popution/Canada is large in territory but small in population with much land and few people; small population for a large area; vast and sparsely populated area 吸收attract加拿大长期奉行的国策a national policy long cherished by Canada/ a long-term state policy observed/practised/followed by Canda不同的只是时间长短而已differing only in the length of time they have settled inVancouver/ the only difference is the time屈指可数very few/can be counted on ones finger/be rare不是在本地出生的non-natives/not locals natives 使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地making/rendering Vancouver the largest place/settlement/region/community beyond / outside Asia where the Chinese live / which the Chinese inhabit参考译文：The glory of Vancouver has been achieved through the wisdom and the industry of the Vancouver people, including the contributions of many ethnic groups. Canada, sparsely populated, has a territory larger than that of China, but its population is only less than 30 million. Consequently, to attracting immigrants from other countries has become a national policy long practiced/followed/cherished by Canada. All Canadians except the American Indians, so to speak, are foreign immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canada. Vancouver, in particular, is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents, half of them are non-natives and one out of every four residents is from Asia. The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in the transformation of Vancouvers economy. Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver over the past five years only, rendering Vancouver the largest area outside Asia which the Chinese inhabit.Section B原 文：In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.注释：propitiate comfort/soothe/appeasegather the redemptive influence of offspring希望孩子也能像他们一样生儿育女，把香火传下去，redem