系统解剖英文版神经系统脊髓Spinalcord.ppt

NervousSystem神经系统 Organizations 中枢神经系统Centralnervoussystem CNS 脑Brain脊髓Spinalcord周围神经系统Peripheralnervoussystem PNS 脑神经Cranialn 12pairs 脊神经Spinaln 31pairs 内脏神经Visceralnerves MajorDivisionsoftheCentralNervousSystem Brain脑Telencephalon端脑Diencephalon间脑Cerebellum小脑Midbrain中脑Pons脑桥Medullaoblongata延髓Spinalcord脊髓 Brainstem脑干 MajorDivisionsofthePeripheralNervousSystem 脑神经Cranialnerves 12pairs 脊神经Spinalnerves 31pairs 内脏神经VisceralnervesVisceralsensorynerveVisceralmotornerveSympatheticpart交感神经Parasympatheticpart副交感神经 CellularOrganization Neuron神经元Cellbody胞体Axon轴突Dendrites树突Neuroglia神经胶质 glialcell胶质细胞 ClassificationofNeuron Structuralclassification双极神经元Bipolarneuronhasanaxonandadendrite假单极神经元Pseudounipolarneuronhasacentralbranchandaperipheralbranch多极神经元Multipolarneuronhasanaxonandtwoormoredendrites ClassificationofNeurons Functionalclassification感觉神经元Sensory afferent neuron运动神经元Motor efferent neuron联络神经元Associationneuron Reflex反射 areactionoftheorganismbythenervoussysteminresponsetoastimulusReflexarc反射弧 has5basiccomponentsReceptor Sensoryneurons CNS Motorneurons Effector ReflexandReflexArc 深反射 腱反射 膝跳反射 BasicTerminologyinNervousSystem IntheCNSGraymatter灰质 collectionofnervecellbodiesandtheirdendrites graycolorduringfreshconditionCortex皮质 theoutermostlayerofgraymatterincerebrumandcerebellumNucleus神经核 acollection group ofcellbodieswhichhavethesameshapeandfunction BasicTerminologyinNervousSystem IntheCNSWhitematter白质 collectionofnervefibers whitecolorduringfreshconditionMedulla髓质 acentralcoreofwhitematterbeneaththecortexofcerebrumandcerebellumFasciculus tract 纤维束 abundleofnervefiberswhichhavethesameorigin termination pathwayandfunction BasicTerminologyinNervousSystem Reticularformation网状结构 anadmixtureofcross crossingfiberswithlargerorsmallergroupsofnervecellsoccupyingthemeshes BasicTerminologyinNervousSystem InthePNSGanglion神经节 acollectionofneuronalcellbodiesoutsidetheCNS eg Spinalganglion gangliaNerve神经 abundleofnervefibersheldtogetherbyconnectivetissuesheath eg Spinalnerve SpinalCord脊髓 ZhaoxiDingDepartmentofHumanAnatomyMedicalSchool ShandongUniversitydingzhaoxi Position Liesintheupper2 3ofthevertebralcanalContinuousabovewithmedullaoblongataatlevelofforamenmagnumEndsbelowatthelowerborderofL1inadultoratlevelofL3atbirthAbout40 45cminlengthWeightsabout30g PositionofSpinalCord Alongcylindricalstructureandslightlyflattenedanteroposteriorly TwoenlargementsCervicalenlargement颈膨大correspondstotheC4 T1segmentssendsfiberstosupplytheupperlimbsLumbosacralenlargement腰骶膨大correspondstotheL2 S3segmentssendsfiberstosupplythelowerlimbs ExternalFeaturesofSpinalCord 脊髓圆锥Conusmedullaris thelowerpyramidendofspinalcord 终丝Filumterminale adelicatefilament about20cminlength prolongeddownwardfromtheapexoftheconusmedullaristothebackofthefirstsegmentofthecoccyx continuousabovewiththatofthepiamater 马尾Caudaequina collectionofrootsandrootletsofspinaln fromL2 5 S1 5 Co1 aroundthefilumterminalebelowtheconusmedullaris Thesefibersgraduallydeclininginnumberfurtherdownasindividualpairsleavethespinalcolumn Lumbarpuncture spinaltap 腰穿 ExternalFeaturesofSpinalCord FissureandsulciAnteriormedianfissure前正中裂Posteriormediansulcus后正中沟Anterolateralsulcus前外侧沟anterior motor rootsemergeseriallyPosterolateralsulcus后外侧沟posterior sensory rootsenterspinalcord eachbearaspinalganglionwhichconstitutesthefirstcell stationofthesensorynervesPosteriorintermediatesulcus后中间沟 SegmentsofSpinalCord Aportionofthespinalcordthatgivesrisetoapairofspinalnerveconstitutesasegment Thereare31segments8cervical12thoracic5lumbar5sacral1coccygealRelationshipofspinalCordSegmentstoVertebralNumbers RelationshipofspinalCordSegmentstoVertebralNumbers RelationshipofspinalCordSegmentstoVertebralNumbers InternalStructureofSpinalCord Graymatter灰质Whitematter白质Centralcanal中央管Reticularformation网状结构 GrayMatterofSpinalCord Anteriorhorn column 前角 柱 Posteriorhorn column 后角 柱 Intermediatezone中间带Lateralhorn column 侧角 柱 onlypresentinthethoracicandupperlumbersegmentsofthespinalcord T1 L3 graycommissures灰质连合Anteriorgraycommissures灰质前连合Posteriorgraycommissures灰质后连合 GrayMatterofSpinalCord Posteriorhorn column Marginallayer缘层 posteromarginalnucleus后角边缘核 Substantiagelatinosa胶状质SituatedattheapexofposteriorhornthroughoutthelengthofspinalcordConcernsthesensationsofpainandtemperatureNucleusproprius后角固有核 SituatedanteriortothesubstantiagelationnosathroughoutthelengthofspinalcordReceivesfibersthatareassociatedwiththesuperficialsensesNucleusthoracicus胸核SituatedatthebaseofposteriorhornandextendingfromsegmentsC8 L3Associatedwiththedeepsenses proprioceptiveendings GrayMatterofSpinalCord IntermediatezoneIntermediaolateralnucleus中间外侧核 lateralhorn ExtentsfromsegmentsT1 L3 ContainingsympatheticpreganglionicneuronsSacralparasympatheticnucleus骶副交感核ExtentsfromsegmentsS2 S4 ContainingparasympatheticpreganglionicneuronsIntermediomedialnucleus中间内侧核ThroughoutthelengthofspinalcordAssociatedwithvisceraafferentinformation Anteriorhorn column TwogroupsofnucleiMedialnucleargroup内侧核群 presentinmostsegmentsofspinalcord innervatingaxialmusclesLateralnucleargroup外侧核群 presentonlyincervicalandlumbosacralenlargements innervatingupperandlowerlimbmuscles GrayMatterofSpinalCord Anteriorhorn column Twokindsofmotorneurons motorneuron largemultipolarneuron innervatesskeletalmuscles producingcontractionofmuscles motorneuron smallermultipolarneuron innervatesintrafusalmusclefibersofneuromuscularspindles regulatingmusculartonusInterneuron Renshaw scell negativefeedbackmechanism Rexed slamina板层 Posteriorhornisformedbylamina to Intermediatezonecorrespondingtolamina Anteriorhorniscomposedlaminae and lamina isthegraymattersurroundingthecentralcanal ImportantSubdivisionsofGrayMatter WhiteMatterofSpinalCord Whitematter白质containsthreekindsoffibers AscendingfibersDescendingfibersFasciculusproprius固有束 WhiteMatterofSpinalCord Anteriorfuniculus前索 Lateralfuniculus外侧索 Posteriorfuniculus后索 Anteriorwhitecommissure白质前连合 AscendingTracts Fasciculuscuneatus楔束 Posteriorspinocerebellartr 脊髓小脑后束 Anteriorspinocerebellartr 脊髓小脑前束 Spinothalamictract脊髓丘脑束 Fasciculusgracilis薄束 Fasciculusgracilis薄束LocatedinthewholeposteriorfuniculusbelowT4andonlyinthemedialpartaboveT4ArisefromthespinalgangliabelowsegmentT4 centralprocessofspinalganglia TerminateinGracilenucleusinmedullaoblongataConveyproprioceptiveandfinetouchsensationfromlowerpartoftrunkandlowerlimbonthesameside Spinalganglion1 neuron Gracilenuclei2 neuron T4 FG FG FasciculusCuneatus楔束LocatedinthelateralpartofposteriorfuniculusaboveT4ArisefromthespinalgangliaabovesegmentT4 centralprocessofspinalganglia TerminateincuneatenucleusinmedullaoblongataConveyconsciousproprioceptiveandfinetouchsensationfromupperpartoftrunkandupperlimbonthesameside Spinalganglion1 neuron cuneatenuclei2 neuron T4 FC FG Lowerlimb upperlimb Fasciculusgracilis Fasciculuscuneatus Cortexofcerebrum diencephalon Medialleminecus GracileandcuneateNu ClinicalnoteLossofproprioceptivesensationonthesamesideLossoffinetouchsensationonthesamesideSensorydystaxia Incoordination 感觉性共济失调 Spinothalamictract脊髓丘脑束LocatedintheLateralandanteriorfuniculusArisefromtheneuronsincontralaterallaminaeI IV VIIabout1 2segmentbelowTerminateinDorsalthalamusConveypain temperatureandsimpletouchsensationoftrunkandlimbs Spinalganglia1 neuron Lamina 2 neuron VPL3 neurons AST LST ClinicalnoteAnalgesiaandthermo anesthesiaontheoppositesideofthebody bellowthedamagedsegment Spinocerebellartracts脊髓小脑束LocatedinthesuperficialpartoflateralandanteriorfuniculiConveyunconsciousproprioceptionfromlowerlimbandlowerportionoftrunkonthesamesidetothecerebellumContain Posteriorspinocerebellartract脊髓小脑后束Anteriorspinocerebellartract脊髓小脑前束 Posteriorspinocerebellartract脊髓小脑后束LocatedintheposteriorandsuperficialpartoflateralfuniculusaboveL3ArisefromthenucleusthoracicusonhomolateralsideTerminateinsuperiorandinferiorvermisofcerebellumConveyunconsciousproprioceptionfromlowerlimbandlowerportionoftrunkonthesameside Spinalganglion1 neuron NucleusThoracicus2 neuron Anteriorspinocerebellartract脊髓小脑前束LocatedanteriortotheposteriorspinocerebellartractinthesuperficialpartoflateralfuniculusArisemainlyfromtheneuronsincontralaterallamina TerminateinsuperiorvermisofcerebellumConveyunconsciousproprioceptionfromlowerlimbandlowerportionoftrunkontheoppositeside Spinalganglion1 neuron Lamina 2 neuron Ascendingtracts 上行传导束 DescendingTracts Lateralcorticospinaltract皮质脊髓侧束 Anteriorcorticospinaltract皮质脊髓前束 Rubrospinaltract红核脊髓束 Vestibulospinaltract前庭脊髓束 Reticulospinaltract网状脊髓束 Mediallongitudinalfasciculus内侧纵束 Tectospinaltract顶盖脊髓束 Corticospinaltracts皮质脊髓束ArisefromthepyramidalneuronsincerebralcortexLateralcorticospinaltract皮质脊髓侧束Anteriorcorticospinaltract皮质脊髓前束AnterolateraltractofBarne Lateralcorticospinaltract皮质脊髓侧束LocatedindeeppartoflateralfuniculusArisefromthepyramidalneuronsincontralateralcerebralcortexthroughthedecussationofpyramidtractFibresarrangementsuperficialtoprofoundS L T CTerminateinLaminae ofanteriorhorn C 55 T 20 LS 25 ConveymotorsignaltocontrolVoluntarymovement musclesofthelimbs Clinicalnotesdisabilityofvoluntarymovement paralysis anteriorcorticospinaltract皮质脊髓前束LocatedinmedialpartofanteriorfuniculusArisefromthepyramidalneuronsincontralateralcerebralcortexthroughthedecussationofpyramidtractTerminateinLaminae onbothanteriorhornConveymotorsignaltocontrolvoluntarymovement musclesofthetrunk Descendingtracts 下行传导束 Mainfunctionsofspinalcord Conductionofexcitations传导Reflexactivity反射 Completespinalcordtransection脊髓全横断 Thistransectionresultsincompletelossofallsensibilityandvoluntarymovementbelowthelevelofthelesion Hemisectionofthecord脊髓半横断 Ipsilaterallossoftactilediscriminationandofvibratorya