如何在VB中获得图像的像素值.doc

如何在VB中获得图像的像素值要处理一个图像，首先要获得该图像的像素值，而VB本身提供的PICTURE控件虽然可以打开很多类型的图片，但是它提供的那个POINT方法读取像素实在是太慢。而使用GetPixel这个API的速度也快不到哪里去，因为PIONT方法本身就是对于GetPixel的一个包装。 在VB中要快速获取一幅在PICTURE中打开的图像比较快速的方法是使用DIB方法，当然还有DDB方法，不过使用DDB方法还需要考虑不同颜色深度的图像的分别处理，在程序的实现上要相对复杂，而使用DIB方法则不必，并且在处理速度上比DDB方法也慢的有限。过程一：获得一个在PICTURE控件中打开的图像的所有像素。Public Sub DibGet(ByVal IdSource As Long, XBegin As Long, ByVal YBegin As Long, ByVal XEnd As Long, ByVal YEnd As Long)Dim iBitmap As LongDim iDC As LongDim I As LongDim Dim W As LongDim H As LongOn Error GoTo ErrLineDone = FalseTimeGet = timeGetTimeInPutWid = XEnd - XBeginInPutHei = YEnd - YBeginW = InPutWid + 1H = InPutHei + 1I = (Bits 8) - 1ReDim ColVal(I, InPutWid, InPutHei)With bi24BitInfo.bmiHeader .biBitCount = Bits .biCompression = 0& .biPlanes = 1 .biSize = Len(bi24BitInfo.bmiHeader) .biWidth = W .biHeight = HEnd WithiBitmap = GetCurrentObject(IdSource, 7&)GetDIBits IdSource, iBitmap, 0&, H, ColVal(0, 0, 0), bi24BitInfo, 0&DeleteObject iBitmapDone = TrueTimeGet = timeGetTime - TimeGetExit SubErrLine:MsgBox 错误号： & Err.Number & ： & Err.DescriptionEnd Sub在这个过程中所用到的只是一些参数的设定和API的调用，不涉及算法。过程二：图像输出的过程：Public Sub DIBPut(ByVal IdDestination As Long)Dim W As LongDim H As LongOn Error GoTo ErrLineDone = FalseTimePut = timeGetTimeW = OutPutWid + 1H = OutPutHei + 1With bi24BitInfo.bmiHeader .biWidth = W .biHeight = H LineBytes = (W * Bits + 31) And &HFFFFFFE0) 8 .biSizeImage = LineBytes * HEnd WithSetDIBitsToDevice IdDestination, 0, 0, W, H, 0, 0, 0, H, ColOut(0, 0, 0), bi24BitInfo.bmiHeader, 0 Done = TrueTimePut = timeGetTime - TimePutExit SubErrLine:MsgBox Err.DescriptionEnd Sub下面解释一下在过程中到的全局变量和数据结构，以及API的定义。API定义：删除一个DCPrivate Declare Function DeleteDC Lib gdi32 (ByVal hdc As Long) As Long删除一个对象Private Declare Function DeleteObject Lib gdi32 (ByVal hObject As Long) As Long选择当前对象Private Declare Function GetCurrentObject Lib gdi32 (ByVal hdc As Long, ByVal uObjectType As Long) As Long获取DIBPrivate Declare Function GetDIBits Lib gdi32 (ByVal aHDC As Long, ByVal hBitmap As Long, ByVal nStartScan As Long, ByVal nNumScans As Long, lpBits As Any, lpBI As BitMapInfo, ByVal wUsage As Long) As Long获取系统时间Private Declare Function timeGetTime Lib winmm.dll () As Long数据结构定义：Private Type BitMapInfoHeader 文件信息头BITMAPINFOHEADER biSize As Long biWidth As Long biHeight As Long biPlanes As Integer biBitCount As Integer biCompression As Long biSizeImage As Long biXPelsPerMeter As Long biYPelsPerMeter As Long biClrUsed As Long biClrImportant As LongEnd TypePrivate Type RGBQuad rgbBlue As Byte rgbGreen As Byte rgbRed As Byte rgbReserved As ByteEnd TypePrivate Type BitMapInfo bmiHeader As BitMapInfoHeader bmiColors As RGBQuadEnd Type这三个数据结构都是在DIB中不可缺少的。我们不必深究，只是按照顺序复制粘贴直接使用就是了。过程中用到的全局变量：Private Const Bits As Long = 32 颜色深度，这里把所有图像都按照32位来处理Public Done As Boolean用于标记一个过程是否结束Public TimeGet As Long用于记录输入过程处理所花费的时间Public TimePut As Long用于记录输出过程处理所花费的时间Dim ColVal() As Byte 用于存放从DIB输入的像素值Dim ColOut() As Byte 用于存放向DIB输出的像素值Dim InPutHei As Long 用于记录输入图像的高度Dim InPutWid As Long 用于记录输入图像的宽度Dim bi24BitInfo As BitMapInfo 定义BMP信息可以看出，我在输入和输出中使用了两个不同的动态数组ColVal()和ColOut()这么做是有道理的，因为我们不只是为了输入和输出图像，中间还要对像素进行处理。包括图像缩放、色彩调整、锐化、柔化等等处理，使用两个不同的数组来分别存放数据更有利于程序的实现。有些性急的朋友说不定已经把程序贴到工程里试用了，可是会发现根本不能输出图像。这是因为当你用DIBGET获得的图像还在ColVal() 中呢，需要把它们放到ColOut()这个数组中去，DIBPUT这个过程才能起作用。这里再给出一个用于数组整体移动数据的过程：Public Sub CopyData(ByVal W As Long, ByVal H As Long)Dim Length As LongDim I As LongDim L As LongI = Bits 8L = I - 1Length = (W + 1&) * (H + 1&) * IReDim ColOut(L, W, H)CopyMemory ColOut(0, 0, 0), ColVal(0, 0, 0), LengthEnd subAPI定义：Private Declare Sub CopyMemory Lib kernel32 Alias RtlMoveMemory (pDest As Any, pSrc As Any, ByVal ByteLen As Long)这时，我们就可以来试一下效果了：把你的显示器调到32位色。将前面的所有API和变量定义全部贴到一个新建的模块里新建一个窗体，加两个PICTURE控件：pictrue1 ,picture2 一个按钮command1在pictrue1中加载一个图片在command1中写如下代码：sub command1_click()With picture1 .Scale