短文填空解题方法及练习.doc

短文填空解题方法及练习 - 6 -一、题型特征: 短文填空是近年来许多省市英语中考中普遍采用的一种测试题型。它所涉及的知识面广，灵活性高，综合性也很强。它主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度，对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力，反映出学生的英语素质。这种题型通常有四种形式： 1、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，让考生根据上下文填上所缺的单词。 2、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，但给出这些单词的第一个字母，让考生根据短文的上下文的意思和所给的提示字母，填上所缺的单词。 3、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，同时在一个方框内给出一些单词，让考生根据短文的内容，把这些单词填入空白处，使文章正确，通顺。 4、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词或短语，同时给出这些单词或短语的汉语意思，让考生根据短文的上下文和所给汉语的提示，填上适当的单词或短语。重庆市的短文填空题采用的基本上是第一种和第二种形式。短文填空是近年来重庆市中考英语试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型。短文的题材很广泛，有故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等。考试一般都选取学生比较熟悉的材料，常考查大纲范围内的动词、介词、形容词和副词的级、名词的数、习惯用语的搭配等。二、解题技巧：第一遍通读全文，对文章内容有个整体的认识，了解大意，建立语言的整体感。由于这种题型是一种障碍性阅读，一般首句不挖空，从第二句开始就有可能出现空档，如果急于求成，欲速则不达，因此粗读、速读、慎读全文，抓住文章的中心词或中心句，了解全文大意，是做好短文填空的关键。 第二遍通读全文，根据上下文的内容来确定所需词的词义，再根据语法以及整体逻辑关系，了解所需词的词性，填入大部分所需词汇。掌握“词不离句，句不离文”的原则。把上下文的句法、语法、结构等因素加以综合考虑，特别要考虑到固定短语的搭配，句与句之间的连接词，以及所填的单词的词形变化（如：复数、过去式、过去分词、动词+ ing形式等）。第三遍通读全文，对于很难找到恰当词的空白处，不能只看该空的那一个句子，而是要根据上下文的提示，根据全文大意，并结合英美人的习惯表达，来确定这些少数未填入的词汇。最后是复查答案，将短文再完整的读一遍，检查时根据语感和全文的理解，从语法入手，检查句子的结构，从文章的中心思想来仔细推敲所填单词是否达意。全文是否通顺，上下文是否意思连贯，形式是否正确。总之，要做好本题必须平时打好扎实的语言基础知识，不断总结，积累一定的阅读经验和能力，经常涉猎各种体裁、题材、风格的文章，培养语感。例1When you laugh, you will o 1 your mouth and your teeth. The healthier those teeth are, the happier you look. Why is that? Its b 2 your teeth are important in many ways. If you take care of them, theyll help to take care of you. Strong, healthy teeth help you eat the right food to help you grow. They also help you speak clearly. You can take care of your teeth by doing like these: Brush your teeth t 3 a day after breakfast and before bedtime. If you can, brush a 4 lunch or after eating sweet cakes. Brush all of your teeth, not just the front ones. Spend some time on the teeth along the sides and in the back. Take your time while brushing. Spend at l 5 3 minutes each time you brush. Be sure your toothbrush is soft. Ask your parent to help you get a new toothbrush every three m 6 . Learn how to floss(用牙线清理) your teeth, which is a very important way to keep them healthy. It feels strange when you do it at first, but soon youll b 7 used to doing it. The floss gets rid of food thats hidden between your teeth. Brushing and flossing k 8 your teeth healthy. You also need to care about what you eat and drink. Eat l 9 of fruits and vegetables and drink water instead o 10 drinks. 1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._Key: 1. open 2. because 3. twice 4. after 5. last 6. months 7. be 8. keep 9. lots 10.of例2Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 there.One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5 up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 by the man. He said angrily, “Thats 7 !” Mr. Browns face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once.When Mr. Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 of them, he said, “Youve mended them very well.”In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr. Brown and his six umbrellas, “Youve had a 10 day,” he said.1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._解析:这是一篇伞店老板Mr. Brown在火车上发生的故事，是叙述类文章。所填的词汇都是大纲范围内要求的常规词汇，因此难度不是很大。学生应在短文语境中对有用的信息进行推敲，结合整篇文章的内容，确定所需词汇。通读全文，了解大意。再读全文，确定所需词的词义和词性，1题为动词，因为该句无谓语，意思是“带来”或“给”，所以填brought或gave, 2题为动词，由于该句是被动语态，意思是“被修理”，填mended或fixed或repaired, 3题为动词，由空前主语和空后的动词不定式决定，根据下文判断意思是“忘记”，填forgot, 4题为介词，由语境决定的，意思是“在座位旁边”，填beside或near, 5题为动词，意思是“拾起”，恰好是词组pick up,故事发生在过去，所以填picked, 6题为动词，由于句子是被动语态，填stopped, 7题为名词性物主代词，由于句子是主系表结构，意思是“我的”，填mine, 8题为代词，由后面的of结构决定的，指“每一把或者说全部”，用each或者all, 9题为形容词，由于它修饰的是名词，指“相同的”，用same, 10题为形容词，由于它修饰的是名词，指“幸运的或好的”，用lucky或者good 。 在完成大部分空的情况下，再通读全文，完成其中较难的空，例如其中的3题和8题。我们做短文填空容易犯错是由于填空时只考虑了单个的句子，而没有注重根据上下文提供的信息去仔细的推敲，有时全文都理解得不错，但却没有注意到单词的词性变化，动词的时态变化等导致错误。因此，我们在平时就要注意培养短文填空的能力。平时要多听、多读、多练来培养英语语感，注重语言的综合应用能力的训练，增强自己的逻辑推理能力，尤其要不断地提高在一定的语境下综合运用语言的能力。这样，就不难解答短文填空题了。练习：1Can animals be made to work for us? Some scientists think that one day animals may be t_ to do a number of simple jobs .They s_ that in a film or on TV we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs, bears, or other animals doing a lot of things .If you w_ carefully, you may find that those animals are given something to eat in return for d_ them. The scientists say that many d_ animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs if they will get something to eat.Of course, as we know, dogs can be used to guard a house, and elephants can be used to do some heavy j_ . And we can also teach animals to work in f_ .Apes, for example have b_ used in America to help make cars and scientists b_ that these monkeys may one day get in crops and e_ drive trains. 1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._2Do you have a pet? Are you i_ in taking care of animals? Girls and boys who like animals may want to study to be animal doctors. They are often c_“vets”. Many of them work in animal h_. Others may work on farms or at a z_. Some study animal diseases and try to find the w_ to keep the animals from getting i_. They do studies in m_ for animals. Vets listen to an animals h_. They check its ears, eyes, mouth and blood. They o_ on animals when they need to. They may give the animals shots(注射) and tell the pets o_ what food is best.1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._3When I was walking down the street one day, I s_ a small bag on the ground. I picked it up and opened it to see w_ I could find out the owners name. There was n_ inside it except some dollars and a picture of a woman and a young girl about twelve years old. I put the photo back and took the bag to the police station. Before I left, the policeman wrote down my name and my a_. He thought the owner might want to thank me. That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. They had also asked a young woman to have dinner with us. Her face was familiar, but I couldnt r_ where I had seen her. D_ our talk, the young woman happened to say that she had l_ her bag that afternoon. All at once I remembered w_ I had seen her. She was the young girl in the photo. Though she looked now much o_ than the girl in the picture. She was very s_, of course, when I told her about the bag. After dinner we went to the police station and got back her bag. The policeman said to me, “Its a wonderful thing. You found not only the bag, but also the owner of the bag.” 1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._4Only mother love is true love. It gives e_ everything all her life. When you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as possible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and n_ and forgets about herself. When you are growing up day by day, she feels very happy. When you are old e_ to go to school, mother still looks after you all the t_. On cold winter days, she always tells you to p_ on more clothes. She always stands in the wind waiting for you back from school every day. When you hurry to leave home for school with little b_.She always feels worried about you at home. She u_ knows about you study and spend much money on your school things. When you do well at school, you will see the brightest s_ on her face. Mother can do everything for you day after day. Mother is always ready to give everything she has to her children, not to receive. What true love that is in the w_! We will r_ Mother Love for ever!1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._5Let me tell you a story. A good friend of mine lives with six hundred animals on an island. Ever s_ he left school, he has traveled all over the world l_ for animals for his own zoo. He writes books about his travels, and about his wonderful a_. The money for his books helps him to p_for all the animal food. My friend told me that when he was looking for water last week (There is not enough water on the island, though there is a lot all around it ) , he f_ oil .He n_ money for his travels and for his zoo , and a little oil would buy e_ water for a long time , but he knows that if he tells anybody else about it , it will be the e_ of his zoo and his lifes work . So I think he will not tell anybody e _ you and me about what he found because oil and water cant be p_ together. Oil may bring greater trouble to his animals than not having enough water. Do you think so?1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._6Can animals be made to work for people? Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs i_ of people. They say that at a circus, for e_, we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs and other animals doing q_ skillful things. Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch closely , you may find that the trainer always g_ the animal some sugar or a piece of fruit as a reward .The scientists say that many d_animals may be trained to do a lot of simple things if they know they will get a reward f_doing that . Of course, as we know, dogs can be trained to l_after a house, and soldiers in both old and modern t_ have used geese to give warning by m_a lot of noise when an enemy comes near. And also it may be possible to train animals to work in families or f_1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._7The u_ means the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars and the space b_ them .Many of the stars are so f_ away that we can not see them. The moon, our satellite, travels a_ the earth. It has already been visited b_ man from the earth. Man-made satellites have been sent up i_ space by many countries .They go round the earth. They are used for helping us to learn more a_ the earth, the weather and other things. They are also used for sending and r_messages. It makes people f_ different countries understand each other much better. So people say the world itself is becoming a much s_ place. People call the small place “the global village”. 1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._9._10._8If you dont use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak; when you start using them again, they will gradually become stronger again. Everybody knows this. Yet many people do not seem to know that it is the s _with memory. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he d _ give it enough chance to become stronger. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we k _ that it is his own fault. But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his p _ are to blame , and f _ of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you e _ found some people cant read or write but they usually have b_ _ memories? This is b _ they cannot read or write and they h _ to remember things; they cannot write them down in a little notebook. They must remember dates, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want a good memory, l _ from these people: practice remembering. 1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._ 9Henry was worried. This was his first time to go traveling by air. He did not know h_ to find his seat, so he went to the air hostess and asked, “Could you help me? I cant find my seat.” The air hostess s_ him the seat and told him to sit d_ and fasten the seat belt. She told Henry not to m_ about when the plane was going up. And she also said that Henrys ears might feel a little s_, but he didnt need to worry about it b_ many people felt like that. When the plane was f_ very high, Henry could stand up and walk round. He could e_ read books, newspapers or see films. The air hostess would b_ food and drinks. Henry could e_ the flight and arrived home soon.1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._ 10Maybe you are more interested in sports than in history. You probably think you will never be a top student. In _, anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. If you can use your time well, you may improve your study _ much work. Heres how:Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week time, you should make a _of thing that you have to do. First write down the time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide on a good time for studying. Of course, studying shouldnt take all of your time. Dont forget to leave yourself enough _ for hobbies.Find a good place to study. Look around the house _ a good study place. Keep this space, which may be a desk _just a corner of your room. No games, radio, or television! When you sit down to work, think only about the subject! Make good use of your time in class. Listen _to what the teacher says. Careful listening in class means less work later. You also need to take notes in class, because it can _ it easier for you to learn well.There are only a few ways mentioned here to _ you with your studying. I believe you find _ other ways besides these.1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._11 Seumas Mcsporran is a very b_man. He is 60 years old and he has thirteen jobs. He is a postman, a policeman ,a fireman , a taxi driver , a school-bus driver, a boatman ,an ambulance man , an accountant, a petrol attendant, a barman , and an undertaker .Also, he and his wife , Margaret , have a shop and a small hotel. Seumas l_and works on the island of Gigha in the west of Scotland. Only 120 people live on Gigha but in s_150 tourists come by b_every day. Every weekday Seumas gets up at six and makes b_for the hotel guests. At eight he drives the islands children to s_. At nine he collects the post from the boat and delivers it to all the houses on the island. He also delivers the beer to the islands only pub. Then he helps Margaret in the s_ .He says：“Margaret likes being busy, too. We n_have holidays and we dont like w_television. In the evening Margaret makes supper and I do the accounts. At ten we have a glass of wine and then we go to bed. P_our life isnt very exciting, but we like it.”1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._ 12Tim spent in a bookshop can be enjoyable. If you go to a good s_, no assistant will come near to you and say, “Can I h_ you?” You neednt buy a_ you dont want. You may try to find out where the book you want is. But if you w_, the assistant will lead you there and then he will go away. It seems that he is not interested i _ selling any books at all. There is a story which t_ us about a good shop. A medical student found a very useful book in a shop, but it is too expensive for him to b_. He couldnt get it from the library, e_. So every afternoon he went there to r_ a little at a time. One day, however, he couldnt find the book from its usual place and was leaving when he saw an assistant signing to him. To his s_, the assistant pointed to the book in a corner, “I put it there so as not to be sold out.”Said the assistant. Then he let the student go on with his reading.1._2._ 3._ 4._5._6._ 7._ 8._9._10._ 13When you go to England you may find the traffic there is different from ours. As a f_ you must be c_ in the streets, because the traffic d_ on the left. You must look to the right and then the left before you cross a street. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come back from work, the streets are very b_. Traffic is most d_ then. When you go by bus in England, you have to take care, too. Always r_ the traffic m _on the left. You have to t_ a look first or you will go to the w_ way. In many English cities there are big buses with two f_. You can sit on the second one. From there y