Solid-State Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion Center.ppt

solid statesolar thermalenergyconversioncenter s3teccenter gangchen director mit m s dresselhaus e a fitzgerald j joannopoulos j g kassakian s g kim k a nelson y shao horn c a schuh m soljacic e n wangbostoncollege c p opeil z f renoakridgenationallaboratory o delaire d j singh aproposalsubmittedtodepartmentofenergy scallforenergyfrontierresearchcenters demographicexpansion oceania oceania dresselhaus apsmarch2006 growingworldenergyneeds 2000 13tw2050 30tw2100 46tw hoffertetalnature395 883 1998 40 oftheworld spopulationisinthefastdevelopingregions primaryenergypercapita gj gdppercapita purchasingpowerparity energydemandandgdppercapita 1980 2002 energychallenges climatechange intergovernmentalpanelonclimatechange 2001http www ipcc ch theenergysourcechallenge 14terawatts world 30terawatts world today 2050 achieveenergyindependencethroughrenewableenergy findsubstituteforgasoline portablehighdensityenergy costefficienttechnology thermaltoelectricalenergyconversiontechnologies temperature k grandchallenges efficiencyandcosteffectivemassproduction solarspectrum solarthermophotovoltaics theoreticalmaximumefficiency 85 4 comparabletothatofinfinitenumberofmulti junctioncells butwithonlyasinglejunctionpvcell keychallenges selectivesurfacesabsorbingsolarradiationbutre emittingonlyinanarrowspectrumnearthebandgapofphotovoltaiccells workingathightemperatures solarthermoelectrics b lowmaterialscostandlowcapitalcost potentiallyhighefficiency keychallenges developmaterialswithhighthermoelectricfigureofmerit andselectivesurfacesthatabsorbsolarradiationbutdonotre radiativeheat thermoelectricdevices i n p hotside coldside gphsradioisotopethermoelectricgenerator missionofs3teccenter thermoelectricenergyconversionefficiency nanoscaleeffectsforthermoelectrics electron phonon interfacesthatscatterphononsbutnotelectrons advancesinthermoelectrics nanocompositesapproach increaseinterfacialscatteringbymixingnano sizedparticles enablebatchfabricationforlargescaleapplication ball milledbi2te3powder poudeletal science v 320 p 634 2008 aftercompaction thermoelectricproperties poudeletal science v 320 p 634 2008 deviceperformance poudeletal science v 320 p 634 2008 thermalconductivity poudeletal science v 320 p 634 2008 currentapplications powergenerationdeepspacevoyagesselfreliantfurnacesemergency radio spaceheatingwasteheatrecoverywristwatchespowergenerationcloth refrigerationpicnicboxes igloo semiconductorlasershighendautosscientificinstrumentsdnasequencingviscosity thermaltoelectricalenergyconversion industrialwasteheat doe itp renewables gm buildings transportation inus transportationuses 26 oftotalenergy otherpotentialapplications transportation investigationofphonon electronphysics quantumandclassicalmoleculardynamicssimulationsonphonons densityfunctionalandnonequilibriumgreen sfunctionsimulationsonelectrons opticalpump probespectroscopyonelecronsandphonons neutronspectroscopyonphonondynamics meanfreepath materialssynthesisandcharacterization thinfilmsformechanismstudies nano bulkmaterialstoscaleup temstructuralandpropertyinvestigations fastandaccuratepropertymeasurements selectivesurfacesforabsorption emissioncontrol a b thermalstability experimentalinvestigationofthermalstab