高职单招专项复习一冠词.doc

高职单招专项复习（一） 冠词一、概念冠词是一个虚词，本身无独立的意义用来帮助说明名词所指的人或物,是泛指还是特指。冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.1.不定冠词 a/an的用法1）a用于辅音发音开头的词，如：a book; a horse; a universit; a useful machine; a “u”an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple；an hour; an umbrella; an “h”。2) 表示某人(事物)的某一种类 My father is a driver. Do you like an apple or a pear?3) 表示某一事物中的任何一个 An elephant is bigger than a horse. A monkey can climb trees.4）表示某人某物,但不具体说明何人何物。 A student from Class Two runs fastest. A man is calling now. 5）表示数量， 有“一” 的含义 There is a flower in the vase. A panda has a mouth , a nose，two eyes.6）有些不可数名词要表示“一种”、“一场”、“一堆”时， 须加不定冠词 a heavy snow a strong wind make a fire have a good time7）用于固定词组have a word with sb.同某人谈话 have a try 试一下have a good time 玩得高兴 have a look 看一看;have a headache 头痛 ; have a good sleep 好好睡一觉go for a walk 散步take a bath 洗澡 tell a lie 撒谎wait a moment 等一会with a light heart 愉快地with a smile 微笑着with an effort 努力地as a result 因此 once in a while 偶尔for a moment=for a while 一会儿make a face 做鬼脸in a hurry 匆忙地do sb. a favour 帮某人忙 take an active part in 积极参加 at a time 每次as a whole 作为整体all of a sudden 突然 once upon a time 从前in a word 总之 2. 定冠词的主要用法1）特指某人某物，以区别于其他人、物 This is the head of our team. 这是我们代表团的团长。2）用于谈话双方都明确的人或物前Take the medicine.把药吃了。 3）用于上文提到过的人或事。He bought a house.Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。4）用于世上独一物二的事物前，the sun（moon, earth, sky, world, globe等）5）用于序数词前，the first one, the second one6) 用于形容词最高级前Autumn is the best season here. 这里的秋天最美。7）用于表示方位（东南西北中左右）的名词前Tianjing is in the east of China. 天津位于中国东部。注意：from east to east之类的结构除外8）用于某些江河湖海，山川群岛，海湾海岸，沙漠前the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Sahara, the Taiwan Straits 9) 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前，如国家、组织机构、某些报纸名the Peoples Republic of China, the United Nations, the Times, the Peoples Daily10）用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人，the Browns 布朗一家11）用于形容词前，表示一类人，the old 老人，the poor 穷人用于单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物The horse is a useful anamial.马市游泳的动物12）用于演奏的乐器、文娱艺术活动等名词前，play the piano, go to the cinema/the theatre13）用于逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代，in the 1990s 二十世纪九十年代14）用于表示发明物的单数名词前，the telephone 电话15）用在惯用语中。 for the most part 大多数by the way 顺便说一下；all the time 始终in the middle of 在中间；go to the concert/cinema/theater 去听音乐会/去看电影/去看戏at the moment当时，此刻；all the year round 一年到头；on the one hand 一方面；on the other hand 另一方面in the afternoon/morning/night/evening；in the year 2008 在2008年all the same 依然；on the whole 总之；at the same time 同时；the other day 在不久前某at the bottom of 在底部；in the end 终于；in the daytime 白天注意:下面几个短语前不加定冠词：at dawn 在黎明at night 在晚上at noon 在正午 at dusk 在黄昏3.零冠词的用法1）可数名词复数或不可数名词表示一类或泛指时Teachers must love students. 老师必须爱学生。My father and mother are teachers.2）专有名词（洲、国家、人名）前一般不用冠词，Japan,Jim3）学科、球类运动、棋类、或游戏名词前不用冠词。play football/basketball/tennis/chess/bridge.Are you going to play basketball or football?你们是打篮球还是踢足球？4一日三餐前，一般不加冠词。但如其前后有形容词或从句、短语等修饰时（即表示特指某一餐），应加冠词。have breakfast(lunch/supper)We had a good dinner at Mr.Zhangs yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我们在张先生家吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。How did you like the dinner Mr.Jack gave us?你认为杰克先生给我们吃的晚餐怎么样？5）学科、语言、医学中大部分疾病名、某些报纸刊名前不用冠词chemistry, English, high blood pressure, China Daily6）季节、月份、星期几、节日前一般不加冠词；但季节、月份等词前后，如有限制性定语修饰表示特定时间，其前加定冠词Trees turn green in spring.春天树变绿了。We often go skating in the winter.我们经常在冬季滑冰。（说话人把季节看成一年的某一部分。）New years Day 新年；National Day 国庆节； May Day 五一节We had a terrible hot summer this year.今年我们过了一个炎热的夏天。（季节名词前有描绘性形容词修饰时，也可加不定冠词。）7）在大多数学校、街道、公园、广场、桥梁、车站、机场等名词前不用冠词， Tiananmen Square, Nanjing Road, Tianjin Railway Station8）可数名词前已有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格及a kind of, a sort of, a type of, a piece of等修饰时不用冠词。Give me that pencil, please.请给我那支铅笔。This is my book.这是我的书。I can never get used to this kind of life.我永远习惯不了这种生活。9）称呼语或指家里雇佣的Nurse、cook等名词前以及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语、补语以及同位语时不用冠词。Whats this, mother? 妈妈，这是什么？Ask nurse to put the child to bed. 让护理员把孩子放上床。Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States.亚伯拉罕林肯当选为美国总统。He is head of the English Department.他是英语系主任。10）描述交通方式时，不用冠词，by train(air, bus, boat, sea, bike)My house is about twenty minutes by bike.骑自行车到我家大概得20分钟。11）不用冠词的序数词； a. 序数词前有物主代词时。 b. 序数词作副词。例如：He came first in the race. 他跑步得了第一。 c. 在固定词组中，如at（the）first, first of all, from first to last等。12）.“零冠词+单数可数名词+as/though+主语+谓语，+主句”意为“虽然/尽管，但是”。Hero as he is,he has some shortcomings. 尽管他是一位英雄，但是他也有缺点。As引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词前不用冠词。Child as he is, he knows a lot of English.尽管他是一个小孩，但直到很多英语。13）在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）, husband and wife, knife and fork等。14）在部分习语中不用冠词catch fire, give way, take place, lose heat, at home, by chance, in/on time, catch sight of, make use of, take part in, catch hold of, on foot.冠词练习1.When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have _ bed. A. the breakfast in B. the breakfast in the C. breakfast in D. breakfast in the 2.He has promised to give up _ hundreds of times. A. a tobacco B. tobacco C. the tobacco D. tobaccos 3._ usually go to church every Sunday. A. The Brown B. A Brown C. Browns D. The Browns 4.The train is running fifty miles _. A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour 5.He can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good _. a. at the flute b. at flute c. at a flute d. at that flute 6.The investigators found that more should be done for _ in India. a. those poor b. a poor c. Poor d . the poor 7.You look in high spirit. You must have _ during your holiday. a. wonderful time b. a wonderful time c. the wonderful time d. some wonderful time 8.The city assigned a policeman to the school crossing because _ traffic there was so heavy. a. a b. An c. the d. one 9.A new teacher was sent to the village in place of _ one who had retired. a. a b. the c. an d. its 10.Virtue and vice are before you;_ leads you to happiness,_ to misery. a. the formerlatter b. a formera latter c. the formerthe latter d. formerlatter 11.The children in the kinder-garden soon took _ to their teachers. a. quite fancy b. a quite fancy c. quite a fancy d. the quite fancy 12._ tend to bemoan the lack of character in the young generation. a. The old b. Old c. Elderly d. Older 13.A man suffering from a chock should be given _. a. hot sweet tea b. a hot sweet tea c. the hot sweet tea d. one hot sweet tea 14.He answered my questions with _ not to be expected of an ordinary schoolboy. a. his accuracy b. a accuracy c. the accuracy d. an accuracy 15.If you go by train you can have quite _ comfortable journey. a. the b. one c. a d. that 16.Were going to _ with _ today, arent we? a. the teathe Smiths b. teathose Smiths c. a teaa Smith d. teathe Smiths 17.I want an assistant with _ knowledge of French and _ experience of office routine. a. thethe b. athe c. aan d. thean 18.Anns habit of riding a motorcycle up and down the road early in the morning annoyed the neighbors and _ they took her to the court. a. in the end b. at the end c. in an end d. in end 19.It is reported that today _ president will have lunch with _ President Omon. a. thethe b. aa c. the/ d. / 20.Tianan Men Square and _ Great Wall are tow of the places everyone should see in _ Peoples Republic of China. a. thethe b. / c. the/ d. /the 21.It has long been known that there is an electric field _. a. inside the earth b. inside earth c. inside an earth d. on earth 22._ much harder work, the volunteers were able to place the raging forest fire_. a. By the means ofunder the control b. By means ofunder control c.By means ofunder a control d. By a means ofunder control 23.No sooner had the man departed than the tree began dropping coffee beans _. a. by the thousand b. by a thousand c. by thousands d. by thousand 24.He expressed _ of their having ever been married. a. the doubt b. a doubt c. doubt d. an doubt 25.He saw through the little boys tricks _. a. at glance b. at the glance c. at some glance d. at a glance 26.Their victory is _,for theyve lost too many men. a.out of question b. out of the question c. out question d. of question 27.Many a girl wants to become _. a. some secretary b. a secretary c. secretary d. secretaries 28.He grabbed me _ and pulled me onto the bus. a. a arm b. an arm c. the arm d. by the arm 29.Ill come in _ minute; in fact Ill come _ moment Im through. a./the b. athe c. thea d. / 30.This is one of _ interesting books on your subject. a.the most b. the most