英语辅导(2) 英语句子的构成(一).doc

英语句子的构成（一） -从句子结构看一、英语句子的构成？（宏观-英语句子结构：简单句、并列句和复合句。）1、主语：句子所叙述的主体。（往往指人或物单词（名词/代词）；动词短语短语；主语从句句子，讲一件事）1）During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2）We often speak English in class.3）One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4）To swim in the river （动作作主语）is a great pleasure. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 5）Playing basketball （动作作主语）is exciting. 6）When we are going to have an English test（句子作主语，叫主语从句。） has not been decided.2、谓语：主语发出的动作或者存在的状态动作行为动词1) I never get up early on Sundays.2) My father went to Beijing last Sunday.3) The teacher visited our school.状态连系动词1)She is very beautiful.2)He is a student.3)I will be a teacher in the future.3、一个主谓结构（并列主语或者是并列谓语）简单句1）He often reads English in the morning.2）Tom and Mike are American boys.3）She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.4）He ate the food and drank the beer.5）Hearing the bad news, she began to cry.（简单句） 现在分词作状语（短语作） = When she heard the bad news, she began to cry.状语从句作状语（句子作）She heard the bad news. She began to cry.（两个简单句）She heard the bad news, and then she began to cry.（并列句）4、两个或者两个以上主谓结构？（并列句或者复合句）（并列句and/but/so）：并列的关系，而不只是并列意思。经常用的有并列意思and；转折意思but；因果意思so。1）You help him and he helps you.2）My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends.3）He felt tired, so he went to bed early. 4）The future is bright；the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。（复合句=连词 + 句子）名词性从句：起着名词的作用的从句。宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。由于他们的性质基本相同，起名词作用，他们的基本用法是一样的。1）They will go to Beijing.（简单句）2）We know that they will go to Beijing.（宾语从句）3）That they will go to Beijing is known to all.（主语从句） = It（形式主语） is known to all that they will go to Beijing. 4）The plan is that they will go to Beijing.（表语从句）5) They have decided a plan that they will go to Beijing.They have decided a plan =that they will go to Beijing.（同位语从句）对比：This is the plan that they have made. （定语从句）同位语：解释名词，对名词作出说明。 Liangziqi，= a polite boy, is popular with us. Yang chun,= a beautiful city, is my hometown. 定语：修饰名词，将名词的范围缩小。polite boyboy The polite boy is Liangziqi.定语从句：1)The film which I saw last night is very interesting. （定语从句）2)I will never forget the days when we stayed together. （定语从句）状语从句：1）The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（时间状语从句）2）He started as soon as he received the news. （时间状语从句）3）He didnt go to school because he was ill . （原因状语从句）4）If it doesnt rain tomorrow, he will go for a pinic.（条件状语从句）5）Though he is a child, he knows a lot. （让步状语从句）备注：一个长的句子有可能既有并列句也有复合句或者有多个并列句或者复合句。结论：1）、X（谓语时态的数量）- 1（主干的谓语） = 连词数量（并列句和复合句的连词）2）、简单句的规则：1（只有一个主谓结构即一个谓语(并列谓语)时态）+N（非谓语动词的数量没有限制。）英语中动词的使用：英语中动词的使用是有着非常大的规律。是英语语法的重点。1. 作谓语：使用时态。2. 不作谓语：使用非谓语动词形式：doing；to do；done5、初步运用：从结构上去分析句子对错：1）Mr Green has two sons, both of them are teachers.（结构错）Mr Green has two sons. Both of them are teachers.Mr Green has two sons，and both of them are teachers.Mr Green has two sons，both of whom are teachers.2）He rides a bike go to s