2011高中英语 完形填空精析精练专题二 夹叙夹议完形填空解题指导与训练2（教师版）.doc

2011高考英语完形填空精析精练夹叙夹议完形填空解题指导与训练2【考点定位】 2011考纲解读和近几年考点分布近年来，夹叙夹议类文章在高考完形填空中出现的频率越来越高。此类文章题材较贴近考生生活实际，内容积极且有教育意义;结构清晰，脉络有序;以叙为主，叙议结合，叙述灵活，侧重语境。解答夹叙夹议类完形填空题时，思维要灵活，要随着记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式。高考完形填空的选材多为夹叙夹议的文章。文章较易读懂，所设选项多为基础题。每个空都需要考生逾越句子甚至段落，联系上下文语境和词汇的具体意义进行理解和推断，才能得出正确答案。题材广泛，涉及的内容丰，重点考查实词，兼顾虚词。夹叙夹议完形填空多知识性强，趣味性浓厚。根据近此年的高考英语完形填空题的命题特点，预测2011年的完形填空题所选用的材料将更加贴近考生生活实际，内容更加积极、时尚，融知识性、教育性和趣味性为一体。选用材料的难度仍将保持适中，英语语言难度略低于同等水平要求的阅读理解试题，但会更加强调语篇分析和理解的连贯性。【考点pk】 名师考点透析解题技巧 一、抓首尾句，打开通道，启示全文根据分析可以看出，完形填空题近年大都以记叙文和夹叙夹议型体裁为主，特别是夹叙夹议体裁更为流传，而夹叙夹议中的议论部分是考生难点。夹叙夹议就是一方面叙述某一事情，一方面又对此事加以分析与评论。这种表达方式中的叙与议是一个有机的整体，“叙”是“议”的基础，即议论不能脱离记叙，必须在记叙的基础上展开；“议”是“叙”的渗透，即议论在记叙的基础上发表，且要有一定的深度与广度。 完形填空所给文章内容不连贯，文章文字和语言结构并不十分复杂，但因记叙内容在情节上并不直接相关，时间跨度大，所选内容干扰性强，因此难度有很大提高。但是短文一般不给标题，首句及尾句一般不设空，这就给考生提供了抓住开篇启示和概括总结全文大意的机会，必须认真理解短文第一句和结尾句。并据此来判断文章的体裁、题材，推测全文的主旨和大意，推断故事发生的人物、时间、地点、气氛等多方面的信息。所以考生首先要通读全文，了解文章的内容、中心思想及文章结构，从整体上感知全文，掌握文中时间、地点、人物及事件。如果忽略了首句，就会对下文出现的情节感到突然、不可理解。所以研读材料的首句至关主要。二、速读全文，了解大意快速通读全文，掌握短文大意。借助首、尾句给予的启示， 快速地把短文从头至尾通读一至二遍，要跳过空格，不陷在一空一格里，着重从全局了解大意，这是逐空填词的重要依据和基础。如果一开始就忙于见一个空就填一个空，将无法从整体上把握全文概要，造成顾此失彼的错误，甚至影响做题速度。所以，只有通过第一遍通读才能把握全局，理清思路，抓住主线，这样才能使思路朝着正确的方向发展，为下一步选择答案做好准备、打好基础。 三、 综合考虑，逐项填空值得强调是完形填空不同于句子与结构，必须要从整篇文章入手，通篇考虑。有些题从单纯的句子来考虑，我们会发现四个选项均可以入选，但从上下文的线索入手，就能迅速排除其它三个，找到正确答案，特别是有的答案暗含在下文，或直接或间接，只要耐心看下去，根据内容即能做出正确答案。从某种意义上来说，“综合考虑，寻找线索”不仅可以考察考生的语言知识，而且更强调对文章内容的整体把握。这时还应注意文章的前后呼应和对比。有的题目好像几个选项都可以，其实正确的答案上下文已有暗示或明示；在整个做题过程中一定要牢记文章的中心思想，把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，文章最前面的空格提出的问题很有可能要到文章的结尾才能找到答案。四、上下连贯，合乎逻辑这是从句子结构来考虑的。例如：一个空白在两个句子之间，就要根据上下文的语境和上下文的关系，选用并列连词and,but, or, however, therefore,while, for 等连接两个并列句；或用who, which, that, whose, whom, when, where, why 等关系代词和关系副词连接定语从句，或用 whoever, whatever，what, who， when， where, how,why，if, whether,that 等连接词连接名词性从句，或用when, where, because, unless, though, even if, so that 等从属连词连接各种状语从句。如果我们能根据它们的基本用法和彼此间的区别，填上所选词后使句子的意思和结构都完整，上下连贯，符合行文逻辑，那么，最佳答案也就显而易见。 上下文语境包括选择项与所在句子中的语义联系，所在句与周围句群的关系，所在句在本段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及与文章主题思想的关系等。 五、复读全文，调整答案全部答案选定后，文章完整了，应再从头至尾读一遍。根据复读的语感和对全篇文章的理解，再次将不合题意的答案调整或修改。检查文章是否前后贯通，内容清楚，主题突出；语法是否符合句型结构；特别是上下文逻辑关系是否一致，句子是否流畅。如有些地方意义模糊或矛盾，就应该依据文章中心意思来重新考虑。凡不通之处，必有待推敲的疑点，应从意义、语法、行文逻辑等方面仔细权衡，加以改正。例如：从语法上，检查一下所完成的句子是否主谓一致；时态、语态是否正确；名词、代词的性、格是否一致；动词、名词、形容词与介词或副词等的搭配是否准确无误。对于个别难度较大的空项，可以凭着自己的语感，坚持第一感觉选择的答案。要再花一两分钟，把所选答案代入空格，复读全文，核对文意，验证词汇、，全文是否紧凑且浑然一体，同时把自己认为错误的答案改正过来。总之，应尽量争取对短文有一个“全景式”的总体把握。【精选试题】 精析精练A couple of days ago, my sister Liz and I spoke about Dad, and we decided to get him a little something together for Fathers Day. we talked about times when we were _(1)_ up and how Mom and Dad used to play the “good cop, bad cop” thing on us. Dad has been a person of few words since we were _(2)_. He raised us more by _(3)_ than anything else. When he spoke, though, we listened, and he was always mysterious and difficult to understand. There was always a(n) _(4)_ meaning that I never got, but Liz always _(5)_ to decipher（破解）him. By the time I got to high school, I had wanted a whole bunch of skateboard gear（装备） and I _(6)_ I was too old to ask money from may parents so I worked a burger joint. One day, I was really angry about annoying burgers. I came home huffing and puffing（气喘吁吁）. Dad saw me and asked me what was the _(7)_. I told him that I was fed up with annoying burgers. He said that we all have to _(8)_ somewhere, that we may know it now, but the skills we learn even in a burger joint might come I handy later in life. “Who knows, you might end up having to run a _(9)_ or even own one when you grow up,” said Dad. He _(10)_ me down and I kept what he said in mind, even though I didnt agree with it.A couple of years later, when I got to college, I worked in a restaurant. During one of the really _(11)_ days that we had, we were short on kitchen staff. Our customers were getting impatient and the _(12)_ were getting delayed. we were sure any minute something terrible would _(13)_ out. I couldnt stand the _(14)_ any more, so I rolled up my sleeves, got myself a hair net and helped out in the hot kitchen. We caught up the with the orders _(15)_. The owner saw what I did and called me over around _(16)_ time. He said he was very _(17)_. He raised my salary and made me the assistant manager even though I could only go part-time. That was _(18)_ I realized that what my dad said to me all those years before was absolutely true.Ive never forgotten what my dad said that. And whenever I have to do something that require new skills, no matter how small or _(19)_ it seems, I have a new perspective（看法）that it might help me later on or even right now and I just dont know it. Experience is everything and it _(20)_ a lot when you take lessons from it. Thats my life philosophy.(1)A. getting B. going C. growing D. coming(2) A. schoolboys B. kids C. adults D. graduates(3) A. instruction B. example C. order D. inspiration(4)A. obvious B. unclear C. reasonable D. hidden(5)A. failed B. refused C. tried D. managed(6)A. imagined B. promised C. figured D. suggested(7)A. experience B. matter C. event D. accident(8)A. start B. work C. stay D. leave(9)A. restaurant B. hospital C. school D. plant(10)A. calmed B. settled C. let D. put(11)A. exciting B. worrying C. busy D. happy(12)A. meetings B. parties C. menus D. orders(13)A. break B. show C. go D. set(14)A. quarrel B. laziness C. relaxation D. tension(15)A. eventually B. regularly C. obviously D. thankfully(16)A. breakfast B. lunch C. opening D. closing(17) A. influenced B. interested C. inspired D. impressed(18)A. when B. why C. whether D. where(19)A. important B. impressive C. interesting D. insignificant(20)A. works B. counts C. shows D. benefits【文章大意】在父亲的教育下，作者认识到了生活中的经历不管多么渺小，多么微不足道，从中学到的技能在今后的工作中都有可能用到。难。(7)B【解析】父亲看到作者气喘吁吁地回来，询问出了什么事。what was the matter?表示“怎么啦?出了什么事?”。(8)A【解析】由于作者对自己刚刚从事的兼职工作不满意，因此父亲开导他说每个人都要从某个地方起步，从事某一项工作，可能现在还不知道是什么工作，不过工作中所获得的技能在日后的生活中也可能派上用场。start起步，这里指开始从事某项工作。本题稍难。(9)A【解析】根据上文的a burger joint快餐店和下一段中的“I worked in a restaurant”可知父亲认为“我”日后也许会经营一家餐馆。(10)A【解析】经过父亲的开导，作者气恼的情绪渐渐平静下来了并且记住了他的那一番话，尽管当时并不是完全赞同他的观点。calm sb. down表示让处于某种强烈情绪之中的人平静下来，符合题意。(11)C【解析】根据下面的we were short on kitchen staff可知厨房的员工短缺，说明那一天餐馆里很忙，厨师不够用了。(12)D【解析】顾客有些不耐烦了，根据下文“We caught up with the orders”可知选择orders，表示顾客点的菜也在被推迟。本题稍难。(13)A【解析】店里的员工都担心糟糕的事情会爆发出来。break out指不好的事情的突然爆发，符合语境。(14)D【解析】作者无法忍受那种紧张的气氛，因此选择tension。(15)A【解析】由于作者出手相助，他们终于赶上了客人们订菜单的速度。eventually最终，符合题意。regularly定期地，obviously明显地；显然地，thankfully感激地。(16)D【解析】closing time在英语中是固定短语，意思是“the time when a pub must stop serving and close”餐馆或酒馆打烊的时间。(17)D【解析】根据上句可知作者帮厨的事被老板看到了，因此他说作者给他留下了很深的印象，意指作者做得好，这一点从下一句老板给作者加工资可以得到验证。本题稍难。(18)A【解析】从文中可知that指代上文提到的帮厨得到加薪的事，这时候作者才意识到父亲的话是完全正确的。本题稍难。(19)D【解析】与small词义相近的应该是insignificant，表示无论事情看起来是多么的小或不重要，做好了，学到的技能都可能对今后的生活有帮助。(20)B【解析】根据上文可知学到的经验对今后的生活可能很重要。count重要，有关系。本题难。In the doorway of my home, I looked closely at my 23-year-old son, Daniel. In a few hours he would be flying to France to (1) a different life. It was a transitional(过渡的) time in Daniels life. I wanted to (2) him some words of significance. But nothing came from my lips, and this was not the (3) time I had let such moments pass.When Daniel was five, I took him to the bus stop on his first day of kindergarten. He asked, “What is it going to be like, Dad? Can I do it?” Then he walked (4) the steps of the bus and disappeared inside. The bus drove away and I said nothing. A decade later, a similar (5) played itself out. I drove him to college. As I started to leave, I tried to think of something to say to give him (6) and confidence as he started this new stage of life. Again, words(7) me.Now, as I stood before him, I thought of those (8) opportunities. How many times have I let such moments (9) ? I dont find a quiet moment to tell him what they have (10) to me. Or what he might (11) to face in the years ahead. Maybe I thought it was not necessary to say anything.What does it matter in the course of a lifetime if a father never tells a son what he really thinks of him? (12) as I stood before Daniel, I knew that it did matter. My father and I loved each other. Yet, I always (13) never hearing him put his (14) into words. Now I could feel my palms sweat and my throat tighten. Why is it so (15) to tell a son something from the heart?My mouth turned dry, and I knew I would be able to get out only a few words clearly. “Daniel,” I said, “If I could have picked, I would have picked you.” Thats all I could say. He hugged me. For a moment, the world (16) , and there were just Daniel and me. He was saying something, but tears misted my eyes, and I couldnt understand what he was saying. All I was (17) of was the stubble(短须) on his chin as his face pressed (18) mine. What I had said to Daniel was (19) . It was nothing. And yet, it was (20) .(1)A.experience B.spend C.enjoy D.shape(2)A.show B.give C.leave D.instruct(3)A.last B.first C.very D.next(4)A.upward B.into C.down D.up(5)A.sign B.scene C.scenery D.sight(6)A.interest B.instruction C.courage D.direction(7)A.failed B.discouraged C.struck D.troubled(8)A.future B.embarrassing C.obvious D.lost(9)A.last B.pass C.fly D.remain(10)A.counted B.meant C.valued D.eared(11)A.think B.want C.expect D.wish(12)A.But B.And C.Instead D.So(13)A.wondered B.regretted C.minded D.tried(14)A.views B.actions C.feelings D.attitudes(15)A.important B.essential C.hard D.complex(16)A.disappeared B.changed C.progressed D.advanced(17)A.sensitive B.convinced C.aware D.tired(18)A.by B.against C.on D.with(19)A.clumsy B.gentle C.absurd D.moving(20)A.none B.all C.anything D.everything【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的美文。作者在送别儿子的时候想表白一下自己的感情，却始终没有说出口。文章告诉我们，真挚的父子之情，其实无需表白。(1)A【解析】考查动词辨析。experience a different lire意思是“体验一种不同的生活”。因为文雌没有说儿子即将开始的生活有多么好，所以不能用enjoy(享受)。难度适中。(2)C【解析】考查动词辨析。leave him some words，意思是：给他留几句话。受母语的干扰易误选give。本题稍难。(3)B【解析】考查语境化选词。由下文可以看出，这种情况已不是第一次(first)了。(4)D【解析】考查语境化选词。由常识可知上公共汽车要通过车门口的台阶走上去，所以要用walk up。(5)B【解析】考查名词辨析。这里指的是我送别儿子的情景，所以要用scene。sign“符号”；scenery“风景”；sight“景色”。(6)C【解析】考查语境化选词。and表示并列，而这几个词中只有courage和confidence属于同一范畴。(7)A【解析】考查习惯用语。words failed me为固定用法，意思是：我说不出话来。本题稍难。(8)D【解析】考查语境化选词。lost opportunities“失去的机会”。这里指的是上文提到了自己没有【解析】考查动词辨析。这里作者由自己和儿子想到了自已和父亲，句意为：我很遗憾从没有听到父亲表达出自己的感情。regret“后悔，遗憾”。(14)C【解析】考查语境化选词。由上文可以看出，在这些特殊的场合，父亲们想表达出的是自己的内心的感情(feelings)，即对孩子的关爱，而不是观点(views)，行为(actions)和态度(attitudes)。本题难。(15)C【解析】考查语境化选词。作者很多次想表达出自己的感情，但都没能做到，由此可以看出，要选择hard，意思是：困难的。important“重要的”；essential“必需的”；complex“复杂的”。本题难。(16)A【解析】考查语境化选词。由后面的“and there were just Daniel and me”，作者感觉到整个世界似乎都消失了(disappeared),只剩下父子俩。change“改变”；progress“进步”；advance“进步,提前”。(17)C【解析】考查语境化选词。be aware of意思是“察觉到，意识到，知道”。句意为：泪水模糊了我的眼睛，我不明白他在说什么。当他的睑靠到我的脸上的时候我感觉到他下巴上的胡须。sensitive“敏感的”；convinced“信服的”。本题稍难。(18)B【解析】考查介词辨析。against“靠在上”。注意这里不是把他的脸放到我的脸上，所以一定不能选on。本题稍难。(19)A【解析】考查语境化选词。由前面描述以及下文的“It was nothing”来看，我当时说的话语无伦次，所以选clumsy(笨拙的，不得体的)。gentle“温和的”；absurd“荒唐的”；moving“感人的”。(20)D【解析】考查语境化选词。和前面的nothing相对，所以要选择everything。We always celebrated my dads November birthday on Thanksgiving Day, even after he entered a nursing home. As years went on, these events21_ a double meaning for mea traditional birthday party for Dad, and a 22_ thank you for all that he had done for me in my life.When we 23_ that it might be his 24 birthday, the whole family decided to come together for a huge birthday celebration at the nursing home. It was a 25 party with lots of noise and food. Dad was a wonderful storyteller, and here was the biggest 26 hed ever had.Then I 27_ that it was now Dads turn to28 stories from us. I wanted everyone to tell Dad what we29 about him. The room became still, and even Dad was 30 as his family 31_around him.One after another, people told stories from their 32, while Dad listened with wet, flashing blue eyes. People 33 all kinds of lost memories. For a man who had been kind to so many people in his life, here was our34 to celebrate him.A few months later, at Dads 35 service, we36 realized what we had given Dad that night. Those were the stories people 37 tell at a burial. But we had given those loving memories to Dad38 he was alive, told through laughter, accompanied by hugs and 39.40 do matter, and they are enough. We need to say them to the ones we love. Thats the way to give back love, and our chance to celebrate a person in life.21. A. took on B. give out C. bring about D. speak out22. A. important B. personal C. necessary D. happy23. A. said B. guessed C. told D. knew24. A. last B. first C. biggest D. small25. A. terrible B. crowded C. splendid D. awful26. A. audience B. room C. party D. chance27. A. realized B. apologized C. called D. announced28. A. ask for B. listen to C. make up D. write out29. A. hated B. missed C. loved D. liked30. A. quiet B. still C. noisy D. silent31. A. seated B. standing C. laughing D. crowded32. A. books B. hearts C. mouths D. minds33. A. recalled B. remembered C. told D. regained34. A. hearts B. words C. chance D. way35. A. birthday B. retirement C. live D. memorial36. A. suddenly B. fully C. laughingly D. bitterly37. A. normally B. often C. necessarily D. comfortably38. A. before B. when C. after D. until39. A. delight B. sadness C. sorrow D. joy40. A. Actions B. Thanks C. Words D. Apologies【文章大意】21.A【解析】即使父亲进了养老院, 我们也总是在感恩节这天为父亲庆祝他11月份的生日。多年来, 这些事情对我有了两层含义, 为父亲举办一个传统的生日聚会, 也给了我一个感谢他为我所做的一切的机会。take on“呈现, 表现, 拥有”。give out“用完, 精疲力竭”；bring about“带来, 发生”；speak out“大声说出”。22.B【解析】important“重要的”；personal“个人的”；necessary“必需的”；happy“幸福的”。这里指我个人表达感谢的机会, 故选B项。23.D【解析】从后文可知父亲离开了人世。故这里的意思是:当我知道这可能是他最后一个生日的时候, 我们全家人决定在养老院为他举行一个大的生日聚会。故选D项。24.A【解析】从后文知父亲去世了, 故这是他的最后一个生日。25.B【解析】前面说是全家人的聚会, 当然很拥挤了。故选crowded。terrible“可怕的”；splendid“壮观的, 灿烂的”；awful“可怕的”。26.A【解析】这里选audience和storyteller相对应。27.D【解析】前面说父亲是个讲笑话的大行家, 这里说“然后我宣布说轮到他听我们讲了”。announce“宣告, 宣布”；realize“意识到”；apologize“道歉”。28.B【解析】ask for“要, 要求”；listen to“听”；make up“组成, 编造”；write out“写出, 列出”。根据上下文选B项。29.C【解析】从上下文可知, 这句话的意思是:我想让大家都告诉爸爸我们是多么的爱他。故选C项。30.A【解析】从前面的still和even可知, 这里填quiet才和文章的气氛和谐一致。31.D【解析】seated“坐着”；standing“站着”；laughing“笑着”；crowded“拥挤的”。这里指全家人簇拥在他的周围。32.B【解析】从后文中父亲听我们讲故事时感动地流出了泪水可知, 我们的故事都是发自内心的。故选B项。33.A38.B【解析】在父亲还活着的时候, 我们把这些美好的记忆讲给了父亲。39.D【解析】选joy和laughter相一致。40.C【解析】这句话的意思是:语言确实很重要, 而且表达出来就足够了。我们需要把这些话讲给我们爱的人。这是回报爱的方式, 也是生命中纪念一个人的方式。A man and his girlfriend were married. It was a large celebration. A few months later, the wife came to the husband with a21 , “I read in a magazine about 22_ we can strengthen our marriage. Each of us will write a 23 of the things that we found a bit annoying with the other person. Then, we can talk about how we can fix them and make our life 24.”The husband agreed. So each of them went to a 25_ room in the house and thought of the things that 26_ them about the other.The next morning, at the breakfast table, they decided that they would go over their lists“Ill start,” 27_ the wife. She took out her list. It had many items on it. Enough to fill 3 pages, in fact. As she started reading the list of little 28 , she noticed that her husband was close to tears. _29_ the wife continued to read 30 she had read all the three pages to her husband.“Now, you read your list and then well talk about the things on 31 of our lists,” she said happily.32 the husband stated, “I dont have 33 on my list. I think that you are 34 the way you are. I dont want you to 35 anything for me.