高压锅使用安全说明,英文.doc

STEPS FOR SAFE & EFFECTIVE USE OF BAE AUTOCLAVE1. Autoclave availability: FOR YOUR SAFETY, YOU MUST KNOW THIS WELL! Determine the status of the autoclave by evaluating the state and implications of the:a. Red ON/OFF push-button (pressed, un-pressed, lit, unlit); i. If the button un-pressed, then most likely there is nothing inside the autoclave, and it is available for use. ii. If the button is pressed in and lit, then the previous cycle is still running or it is finished but the user has not returned to turn the autoclave off and remove the load.iii. If the button is pressed in and unlit, then most likely the previous user did not un-press the button at the end of the run, and instead simply opened the door killing power by virtue of the door safety interlock switch. Using the door switch to turn off the machine is not appropriate because as soon as the door is closed and only partially sealed the autoclave restarts a new cycle and lets steam rush into the chamber. This is true if the previous cycle was Fast or Dry, and possibly true if it was Liquid. 1. The button may be pressed in and unlit if there the machine is unplugged electrically or power has been lost to the building outlet for the autoclave.iv. Most importantly, pressing this button is the last thing to do when initiating a run, and un-pressing this button is the first thing to do after the sterilization/exhaust cycles have evidently ended. The button is lit when pressed in, and unlit when un-pressed, BUT it is also unlit when it is pressed in but the door is not fully tightened. This is so because a microswitch in the door serves as a safety interlock. The interlock must not be used as the on/off switch, in part because steam will escape past the door before the door is adequately tightened. b. Timer panel (zero time, non-zero time, sterilize/exhaust LEDs); i. If the panel countdown timer reads “000”, then the sterilization and if applicable the drying times have elapsed, BUT this doesnt mean the autoclave is ready to be opened. In fact, it is one indicator of overall status. It is more informative in terms of how many more minutes of sterilizing and if applicable drying is remaining.ii. The Sterilizing LED comes on when the temperature reading (the green pointer on the chart controller) reaches setpoint (the red pointer). A microswitch closes sending a signal to the timer that 1) illuminates the Sterilizing LED and 2) begins counting down from the set time entered on the dial wheel. If for any reason the green pointer falls below the setpoint (steam supply, valving, or trap failure), then the LED will go out, the timer will reset to the original set time, and will remain so until the temperature reading gets back to setpoint. This ensures that you do not have a compromised sterilization.iii. The Drying LED comes on when the Sterilizing time has elapsedc. Chamber and jacket pressure gages (20 psi, or temperature equivalents of well over 121C (250F).6. Check distribution of items in tub: Make sure the items are not right up against each other or the tubs sides.7. Load your tub(s): Wearing PPE, place your tub(s) inside on the rack or racks. Leave a few inches between adjacent tubs. Leave a few inches between any tub and the chamber walls. The entire rack may be removed with the cart to provide extra room for an oversize load, but the load should not be overly heavy as the weight may cause the tub to deform or possibly fail; polypropylene will eventually get brittle after many cycles.8. Close and secure the door: Verify single-handle lever is at about “11 oclock”. Shut door without slamming. Move single-handle lever to “2 oclock” or until it stops. Turn the triple-handle lever clockwise until it stops and then give it a rather firm final move; you may need to tighten more later after the cycle starts and steam or water come out past the door seal. 9. Jacket steam: If the jacket is already at pressure (20 psi) due to Step 16 above, then do nothing other than notice this pressure reading and verify that the green Jacket Steam Reset lamp is not lit. .If the pressure reading is less than 18 psi and not climbing at all, then notify Kameron or Victor. If there is no pressure and the green light is on, proceed with pressing the red Jacket Steam Reset button, which will turn the green light off and allow steam to enter the jacket slowly building up pressure. If there is not pressure, and the green light is off, then check the white/red rocker switch on the right side of the control panel. If there is no red light lit inside the switch, the switch may be off; push the side corresponding to the adjacent ON label (to be added soon). DO NOT CONTINUE TO STEP 21 UNTIL JACKET PRESSURE REACHES AT LEAST 10 PSI, in part to ensure that steam is pressurizing the jacket. This is important because the jacket supplies steam to the chamber through a solenoid valve during sterilization. Preferably, wait until the pressure reaches at least 18 psi before continuing, but you may continue as long as the pressure reaches at least 18 psi before doing Step 25.10. Choose exhaust cycle: 11. “Sterilizing” time: This will be determined by overall load, physical distribution within the chamber, type of secondary containment, amount of liquid in any one container, etc. See training materials or PI for guidance. Some general guidance is provided here from Judelson 2004:a. Some general guidelines. Here are some recommended times for autoclaving liquids of the following volume per container:5/11/12i. 75-200 ml 20 minutesii. 200-500 ml 25 minutesiii. 500-1000 ml 30 minutesiv. 1000-1500 ml 35 minutesv. 1500-2000 ml 40 minutesRemember to modify these times as needed! For example, more time is required if the flasks ina plastic tray (which is the standard method); if many bottles are close to each other in the tray; ifthe chamber is full of several trays; if the liquid contains microbes; if you are using plastic insteadof glass containers; etc. Therefore, you probably need to go longer than the times indicatedabove.12. “Drying” time: Our machines Operators Manual shows a generic example of 15 minutes of sterilization plus 20 minutes of drying. See PI for project-specific guidance. 13. Temperature setpoint: It is critical that you check this temperature because sometimes users adjust it down to 110C/230F and leave it there. The lower temperature is used by some people who need to autoclave media containing sugars. Usually, the desired setpoint for sterilizing is 121C/250F. This is also the highest that our machine can be adjusted to by the regular user. If you adjust the setpoint to 252F you may never reach that temperature and thus never begin the sterilizing countdown timer. For special situations, Victor can raise the pressure supply to reach 260F or 270F, but this will require department chair approval. Use the knob in the lower left corner of the chart recorder. It is stiff, so you may need to use more force than you think is right. DO NOT TOUCH THE GREEN AND RED POINTERS!14. Start sterilization: Depress red ON/OFF push-button, and see this red push-button illuminate along with the previously pressed exhaust cycle pushbutton, as well as the timer with the minute you set. 15. Wait for sterilization: It will take at least 10 minutes for the chamber to come up to temperature, resulting in the “Sterilizing” LED to light, which signifies the beginning of the countdown timer. The chamber pressure will reach or even slightly overshoot 16 psi (for 121C/250F setpoint) much sooner than the temperature indicator (green pointer) reaches setpoint (red pointer). 16. If temperature falls below setpoint: If temperature (green pointer) falls below the setpoint (red pointer) after the “Sterilizing” LED has lit and the time has started counting down, then sterilization has been interrupted and the timer will automatically reset to the originally entered time. When/if the temperature ever rises back up to the setpoint, the “Sterilizing” LED will turn on again and countdown will begin from the originally set time. This kind of failure can be due to building power outages or blips, a stuck steam valve, low house steam pressure, and any number of other faults.17. End of cycle: If the temperature never falls below setpoint, then the timer will count down to zero, and the machine will switch to exhaust mode. When the chamber pressure reaches 1 psi a buzzer alarm should go off (not working), and continue to buzz until the red ON/OFF push-button is un-pressed, which shuts the buzzer and shuts down the machine.18. Removing your load: Even after the buzzer sounds, the temperatures inside may be near or above 100C/250F. It is recommended that the load continue to sit undisturbed for up to 10 minutes, either with the door remaining secured or with the door unsealed but still closed with the single-handle lever. When you open the door completely, stand well back to ensure you dont get covered with steam or shattering glass ware and its liquid contents. Handle load gingerly to avoid too much agitation while everything is still very hot, to avoid shattering glassware.19. Check for debris: Look at the chambers bottom as well as into the drain to ensure that no debris has been created by your