现在完成时态的用法.doc

现在完成时态的用法1 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果。常和already, yet, ever, never, just等连用。already用于肯定句，一般放在句末或助动词have/has后，而yet多用于否定句或一般疑问句的句末。句子的谓语动词可以是延续或者是非延续性。I have already finished my homework.He hasnt returned the book to me yet.2. 表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且可能还会延续下去，此时常和这些时间状语连用：（1）since +过去的时间点/过去式的从句，如since three years ago, since 2001,since he came here. (2 ) for +时间段 如for two days, for a few years. (3 )用于现在完成时的时间状语还有 these days, so far, up to now, by now, until now, in the last/past three years等。在表达这层意思的时候，句子的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。常见的非延续动词和延续性动词的转换：非延续延续非延续延续borrowkeepbuyhaveleavebe away(from)come herebe hereclosebe closedopenbe opendiebe deadbecomebejoinbe in/a member ofgo there be therecome/go/get backbe backmake friends withbe friends withfinish/endbe overbegin/startbe onget to knowknowwakebe awakeget upbe upcatch a coldhave a coldturn on/offbe on/offput onwear/haveonfall ill/asleepbe ill/asleepmove to be in但是，在否定句中，谓语动词仍然可用非延续动词。如I havent bought clothes for a year.3.have/has been to, have/has been in 和have/has gone to 的区别。（1）have/has been to 指“到过某地”, 说话时此人已经不在那里了。 I have been to Japan twice. How many times has he been to Beijing? (2 ) have/has been in 表延续的状态，意思是“呆在某地”说话时此人还在那里。 He has been in China for ten years. How long have you been in this school?(3 ) have/has gone to 表示“去了某地”，说话时此人在那里，或是在去那里的路上。这个用法的主语只能是第三人称。 My mother has gone to the USA, shes not at home.4.现在完成时态不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，也不能用when 提问。 I.用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1. I _(know) her since she came here.2. Li Ping _(be) in the army for three years.3. John _ ever _(be) to the Summer Palace several times.4. -_you ever _(be) to Nanjing? - Yes. I _(go) there in 1999. I _(see) many kinds of animals there.5. Where is Miss Green? -She _(go) to the library. She wants to borrow some books.6. My grandfather _(plant) those trees. He _(do) it the day before yesterday.7. I _already _(see) this film. I _(see) it with my best friends last Sunday.8. I _(lose) my pen yesterday and _(not find) it yet.9. We _(learn) English for more than two years.10. We _(come) to this school last September. We _(study) in this school for one year.II. 根据汉语提示完成句子。1. He _ the book five days ago. He _ the book for five days.(买了)2. He _ the army for two years. He _ the army two years ago.(加入)3. -When _ he _ the airport?-Twenty minutes ago. He _ from the airport for twenty minutes. (离开) 4. Its very cold inside. Who _ the door just now? - John _ it two minutes ago. - You mean the door _for two minutes.(开) 5. When _ you _ the book from the library? -Three months ago. - You can _ the book only for two months. You should return it at once. (借) 6 They _friends when they first met at a party. They _ friends since then.(成为) 7. How long _you _ Chongqing? -For more than five years. We _here when I was only five years old. (来) III. 用have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in 填空。1. Where is your sister？ I havent seen her for days.-She _ Shanghai. -How many times _ she _ there? - Three times. 2. Where _ you _ these days? - I _ America. 3. -How long _ you _ Chongqing? - Since I was born. 4. I heard that Hong Kong is a beautiful city. But I _never _ there before. 5. The foreigners _ China since 2000