名词性从句详解与练习.doc

名词性从句详解名词性从句指的是在整个句子中起名词作用的从句。这种从句可以做主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，所以这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。各种名词性从句的结构都是相同的，即由if， whether， that和各种疑问词充当连接词，后接陈述语序。例如：What they are doing seems very important（主语从句） 他们在做的事似乎很重要。My hope is that he will be the best student in the class（表语从句） 我的愿望是他能够成为班上最好的学生。Nobody knows who he is（宾语从句） 大家都不知道他是谁。I dont like the idea that money is everything（同位语从句） 我不喜欢金钱就是一切这一观点。引导名词性从句的连接词中，除了that，if和whether之外其它的都作从句中的一个成分。【宾语从句】在句子中作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词有连词that， whether， if；连接代词who， which， what以及其强调形式 whoever， whichever， whatever； 连接副词 when， where， why， how等。例如：Do you know where the Greens live? I have no interest in how rich he is宾语从句主要用于下面五种结构：1由that引导的宾语从句（that 引导宾语从句时，特别是在口语中，可省略）The boy believes （that） he will travel through space to other planets当主句谓语动词是 think， believe， suppose， expect 等表示“认为，相信，期待”等意思的词时，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例如：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that（ I think it is not right for him ）that不能省略的情况：（1）当动词后接=两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。如：He said （that） you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked notto tell you（2）当动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。如：Just then I noticed，for the first time，that white hair has appeared on our masters head. （3）当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。如：I want to tell him that I made great progress once againI want to tell that I made great progress once again to him.（4）宾语从句中，状语从句在前2由特殊疑问词（when，where，why等）引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。I cant decide which book I should buy3由whether（if）引导的宾语从句I wonder whether（if） they will come to our party由whether（if）引导的宾语从句，意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，以下情况只能用whether：（1）与or not 连用（2）介词后（3）动词不定式前（4）及物动词discuss后的宾语从句（表示“是否”时）只能用if:表示否定意义的宾从Tell me if it is not going to rain.Tell me if/whether it is going to rain.动宾从句（1）大多数及物动词、动词短语都可以带宾语从句。make sure（确保）、make up ones mind（下决心）、keep in mind（牢记）（2）当宾语从句(或不定式、动名词作宾语)有宾补时，要用it做形式宾语，宾语从句后置,that不可省略I think it a great honor that we win the first prize.I think it a great honor to win the first prize.I think it a great honor winning the first prize.(3) 当动词译为“建议、命令、要求、坚持”时，宾从通常用虚拟语气，即that sb (should) do sth.注意(了解即可)：1）不能直接跟that 从句作宾语的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如： I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong) 2）不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right) He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)介宾从句 (if不能引导介宾从句)介词(除but, except等个别外)后通常不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，因此用it做形式宾语，再加上that宾语从句You may depend/rely/count on/upon it that we will support you.See to it that you are not late again.He insisted on it that I (should) go with him. The composition is great except that there are several grammar mistakes.形容词+宾语从句有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句I am sure that you will succeed.【表语从句】在句子中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。引导表语从句的词有连词that，whether（不用if）；连接代词who，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why以及其它连词as if，as though，because等。例如：The question is whether it is worth readingThey are just what I wantThats why they were late1含有表语从句的复合句中的主语通常是fact，truth，explanation，problem，opinion，view等。如：The fact is that fish cant go without water事实是鱼离开水不能存活。2 as if （as though）也可以用于表语从句。但多是以下面形式出现。主语look（seem）as if从句如：It looked as if it was going to snowIt seems as if there will be a quarrel soon注意：不用 if 引导表语从句。reason做主语时，表语从句应由that引导，不用because。 that 引导表语从句时，通常不能省略。The reason why I am late is that I stayed up late.【主语从句】 在句子中做主语的从句叫做主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词that（放句首时不可省略）, whether, if(引导的主从不可放句首)以及连接代词who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever和连接副词when, where, why, how等.例如:That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要.What we cant get seems better than what we have我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好.What is done cant be undone. (谚语)已成定局,无可挽回.What caused the accident is a complete mystery.是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜.Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否来还是一个问题.Which team will win the match is still unknown.哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道.Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物.When they will start has not been decided yet.他们何时出发还没决定.注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻, 常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.例如:It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)It is + adj. / n. +从句It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是It is possible that.很可能It is unlikely that.不可能注意：在It is necessary / natural / important / strange.+ that-clause这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用(should) +动词原形,表虚拟语气.例如:It is necessary that the problem (should) be settled at once.这个问题必须马上解决.Its strange that he (should) have gone away without telling us.他竟然没向我们说一声就走了,真是奇怪.2)It +不及物动词+从句-主从不提前It seems/appears that.似乎It happened that.碰巧3)It + be +过去分词+从句-主从不提前It is said that.据说It is known to all that.众所周知It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.据信;人们相信It is suggested that.有人建议It must be pointed out that.必须指出It has been proved that.已证明.例如:It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉.It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.有人建议会议延期召开.Its reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.据报道,事故中三人丧生,五人重伤.It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分.4)It doesnt matter whether/how-主从不提前5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)【同位语从句】作同位语的从句称为同位语从句，它一般跟在某些名词（如fact, idea, news, promise等抽象名词）的后面，用以解释说明前面名词的内容，同位语从句和其前面的名词语法功能一致。引导同位语从句的词有that, whether（if不能引导同位语从句），what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had