横臂式悬架技术解析Arm suspension.doc

横臂式悬架技术解析Arm suspensionArm suspension is the independent suspension wheel swing in the vehicle transverse plane, according to the number of cross arm number is divided into double transverse arm type and single arm suspension.Single transverse arm type has the advantages of simple structure, roll center high, has the advantages of strong anti roll capability. But with the development of modern automobile speed, roll center is too high will cause the wheel beats tread change big, tire wear intensifies, and in a sharp turn around the vertical force transfer is too large, resulting in increased rear camber. Reduce the rear wheel cornering stiffness, resulting in serious condition of high-speed flick. Single transverse arm type independent suspension is applied in the rear suspension, but because they could not adapt to the requirements of high speed, there is not much use.Double wishbone independent suspension by the upper and lower arm length, and divided into equal length double wishbone type and length double wishbone suspension type two. Length double wishbone suspension in the wheel up and down beat, the kingpin inclination to maintain the same, but the track changes large (and single transverse arm type similar), resulting in severe tire wear, is now seldom used. For unequal length double wishbone suspension, as long as the length of lower cross arm proper selection, optimization, and a reasonable layout, parameters can change within acceptable limits the scope of the tread and the front wheel alignment, ensure the vehicle has excellent stability. At present, unequal length double wishbone suspension has been widely used in the front and rear suspension cars, the rear part of sports and racing cars also use this suspension structure.横臂式悬架是指车轮在汽车横向平面内摆动的独立悬架，按横臂数量的多少又分为双横臂式和单横臂式悬架。 单横臂式具有结构简单，侧倾中心高，有较强的抗侧倾能力的优点。但随着现代汽车速度的提高，侧倾中心过高会引起车轮跳动时轮距变化大，轮胎磨损加剧，而且在急转弯时左右车轮垂直力转移过大，导致后轮外倾增大。减少了后轮侧偏刚度，从而产生高速甩尾的严重工况。单横臂式独立悬架多应用在后悬架上，但由于不能适应高速行驶的要求，目前应用不多。 双横臂式独立悬架按上下横臂是否等长，又分为等长双横臂式和不等长双横臂式两种悬架。等长双横臂式悬架在车轮上下跳动时，能保持主销倾角不变，但轮距变化大(与单横臂式相类似)，造成轮胎磨损严重，现已很少用。对于不等长双横臂式悬架，只要适当选择、优化上下横臂的长度，并通过合理的布置，就可以使轮距及前轮定位参数变化均在可接受的限定范围内，保证汽车具有良好的行驶稳定性。目前不等长双横臂式悬架已广泛应用在轿车的前后悬架上，部分运动型轿车及赛车的后轮也采用这悬架结构。 absorber (Shock Absorber) shock absorber demand is because the spring is not immediately stabilized, that is to say after the spring is compressed and then let go, it will last for a period of time and stretch and shrink, so the damper can absorb wheel caused met concave convex road vibration, so that the ride comfort. Front suspension (Front Suspension) front suspension system and the front wheel can move up and down and absorb the road shock, but also to make the wheels can swing around, so that the vehicle steering. In addition to large cargo trucks, most of the vehicles have been widely used independent suspension device, left and right wheel are no relationship, for independent action. Rear suspension (Rear Suspension) the general vehicle rear suspension system will use a leaf spring, or spiral spring, but now the car to make the ride comfort, also adopts the independent suspension system, the same system and front suspension, can make the four wheels independently, to reduce tire wear and running stability, the need for rear wheel alignment. Automatic level control device (Automatic Level Control) automatic level control system for dedicated to the rear of the car load change, if there is no automatic level control of the car heavier at the rear, the rear of the car will sink, will change the cars handling characteristics, the headlight rise. 圈状弹簧(Coil Spring) 圈状弹簧为独立式悬吊装置使用最多之弹簧，以弹簧钢卷成螺旋状。 扭杆弹簧(Torsion-Bar Spring) 扭杆一端固定在车架上，另一端使用臂与车轮连接，车轮上下跳动时使扭杆扭转，以扭转弹力来吸收震动，构造简单占位置小，适合小型车使用，但材质要佳。 平稳杆(Stabilizer Bar or Torsion Bar) 平稳杆属横向装置于车架与控制臂之间，其功用可减少悬吊系统的移动及车身摇摆，尤其汽车转弯时，因离心力作用，会使车身发生倾斜，此杆抗衡扭力的作用足以减轻汽车偏外的程度。 避震器(Shock Absorber) 避震器的需求是由于弹簧不能马上稳定下来，也就是说弹簧被压缩再放开以后，它会持续一段时间又伸又缩，所以避震器可以吸收车轮遇到凹凸路面所引起的震动，使乘坐舒适。 前悬吊(