21世纪大学英语读写教程 第二册第7单元b篇 课件（含课后答案）

Unit 7 : Part B,21st Century College English: Book 2,Unit 7: Part B,Revision of Text A,Dictation,You are going to hear 5 sentences. Each will be read three times. Write down the sentences according to the dictation.,Check-up,Dictation,Thinking is one of the most productive activities a human being can undertake.,We have institutions devoted to every good cause from rescuing homeless cats to preventing World War III.,One problem is that to most of us, thinking looks suspiciously like doing nothing.,It is a common belief that if a man is thinking or reading, he is doing nothing.,It is sad that although most of us claim that we believe in education, we place no value on intellectual activity.,Exercises Cloze,XIV.Fill each blank below with a word from the following list.,读写教程 II: Ex. XI, p. 202,Exercises Cloze,What is it that make humans different from other animals? For centuries we were convinced _ language and communication were what made us better than other _, but we now know we are far from unique in our use of language. We used to _our ability to learn foreign languages special, but then came those vaguely _ experiments in which a chimpanzee named Washoe proved that monkeys are not only capable _ memorizing vocabulary, but can also _ create new and meaningful combinations of words. So could language teaching be the _ that truly distinguishes humans _ other animals?,that,consider,species,disturbing,spontaneously,of,activity,from,Not really, it turns _ a gorilla named Judy who learned human language in a lab has been observed teaching it to other gorillas. In fact more and more scientists are concluding that its _ to imagine that humans are unique in any way _. Birds use tools; dogs _ new ideas; even insects have _ social structures governed by clear _. The next thing we know, someone will discover that pigs consult _.,at all,conceived,ridiculous,complex,regulation,psychiatrists,out,Exercises Cloze,XIV. Translate the following sentences into English.,Translation,读写教程 II: Ex. X, p. 201,1.他在尝试制订促进思考艺术的新计划时脑子里闪过了一个绝妙的主意。,formulate,A brilliant idea flashed into his mind while he was trying to formulate a new plan to promote the art of thinking.,promote the art of thinking,flash into,Translation,2.不管你怎么看他，都没有理由怀疑他是蓄意造成这一骇人事故的。,regardless of,Regardless of what you may think of him, there is no reason to suspect him of bringing about this horrible accident deliberately.,suspect,bring aboutdeliberately,Translation,3. 他转过身来正好看见玛丽在聚会中途悄悄离去，因而感到非常不安。,turn round,He turned round just in time to catch Mary sneaking off in the middle of the party and he felt greatly disturbed.,sneak off,feel disturbed,Translation,4.他的话使我想起了他对足球教练的强烈不满。其实那纯粹是偏见，并使他自己为大部分队友所疏远。,remind me of,His words reminded me of the strong resentment he feels toward his soccer coach. Actually it is pure prejudice and most of his teammates shun him for it.,strong resentment,be shunned by most of his teammates,Translation,5. 现在整个书房归乔治独用了，他准备把沙发搬出去以腾出地方来放他的新书桌。,George has the whole study to himself,Now that George has the whole study to himself, he is going to move the sofa out to make room for his new desk.,make room for,Translation,6. 他对工作忽视太久了，别说一个星期，就是一个月也不可能赶完它。,neglect,He has neglected his work for too long and it is impossible for him to catch up on it in a month, let alone in a week.,let alone in a week,Translation,catch up on,7. 解决他的问题的最好办法是向精神病专家作些咨询。但如果他拒绝这种咨询怎么办？,the best solution to his problem,The best solution to his problem lies in seeing a psychiatrist for counseling. But what if he refuses such counseling?,counseling,Translation,what if,8. 虽然他声称是现实主义者，但他好像对他的公司资金正在耗尽且可能很快就会陷入困境这一事实视而不见。,claim to be a realist,While he claims to be a realist, he seems blind to the fact that his company is running out of funds and will be in serious trouble soon.,running out of funds,Translation,be in trouble,Reading SkillIdentifying False Logic Intensive Study Difficult SentencesKey words and phrasesText-related Information Comprehension Check,Text B,Identifying False Logic,Reading Skill,Not everything you read is true, and not every writers arguments make sense. One common mistake in logic is proceeding from a false assumption: basing an argument on a statement that is unsupported, a matter of opinion or simply untrue. Sometimes writers may not realize that their assumptions are false; other times they use false assumptions deliberately, because they want to promote an idea or make a point, and dont really care how they do it!,Identifying False Logic,Reading Skill,One example from Text A:,We have institutions devoted to every good cause from rescuing homeless cats to preventing World War III. But what have we done to promote the art of thinking? Certainly we make no room for thought in our daily lives.,The authors aim is to make us feel alarmed at our attitude toward thought and thinkers and this “evidence” would indeed be alarming, if it were true. In fact, of course, schools are just one of many institutions devoted to “the art of thinking”, and plenty of people “make room for thinking in their daily lives”.,Reading Skill,You may, of course, agree with the authors aims and opinions, even though her arguments are false. But its only by questioning a writers arguments that we can formulate our own conclusions, choose to agree or disagree. This kind of interaction with the ideas in a text is crucial to real comprehension.,Identifying False Logic,XIV.Before you read Text B, take a critical look at some of the statements the author makes in the first two paragraphs, and answer the questions that accompany each of them. You may ultimately decide that you agree with most of the statements or disagree or that you arent sure. Thats okay, as long as youve questioned the ideas and thought them through.,读写教程 II: Ex. XIV, p. 205,Reading Skill,Identifying False Logic,Reading Skill,1.Statement: In a world thats growing more complex and competitive by the minute, the ability to think clearly and critically has never been more important.,Questions: Is it true that the world is “growing more complex and competitive by the minute”? Do you agree that “the ability to think clearly and critically has never been more important”?,Reading Skill,2.Statement: But how many of us devote any time to nurturing habits of serious, critical thought in our children or in ourselves, for that matter?,Questions: Is it true that “very few of us devote any time to nurturing habits of serious critical thought in our children or in ourselves”?,Reading Skill,3.Statement: Most people mistake quick answers for intelligence, so we assume that a quick child is automatically a good thinker. Nothing could be more untrue.,Questions: Do you agree that “most people” define intelligence as the ability to give quick answers? Do people generally “assume that a quick child is automatically a good thinker”?,Reading Skill,4.Statement: Placing too much value on quick thinking just promotes intellectual laziness.,Questions: Do you agree that people generally place too much value on quick thinking? Is it reasonable to generalize that quick thinking is “intellectual laziness”?,Reading Skill,5.Statement: The slow, reflective children the ones teachers scold for daydreaming often have deeper insights than their “brighter” counterparts. By ignoring their ideas, we are overlooking our greatest intellectual resources.,Questions: Is it true that we generally ignore the ideas of “slow, reflective children”?,How to Teach Your Child to Think1In a world thats growing more complex and competitive by the minute, the ability to think clearly and critically has never been more important. But how many of us devote any time to nurturing habits of serious, critical thought in our children or in ourselves, for that matter? How can we help kids sharpen their minds for a highly competitive future? The first step, say experts, is to create a “thinking atmosphere” in your home. Heres how to begin:,Text B,2Examine your own thinking about thinking. Most people mistake quick answers for intelligence, so we assume that a quick child is automatically a good thinker. Nothing could be more untrue. Quick answers are often not the deepest answers, or the best ones, and placing too much value on quick thinking just promotes intellectual laziness. Meanwhile, the slow, reflective children the ones teachers scold for daydreaming often have deeper insights than their “brighter” counterparts. By ignoring them, we are overlooking our greatest intellectual resources.,Text B,3Start early. Brenda Richardson, mother and teacher, starts five-year-olds thinking by reading simple poems. One of her favorite examples is: “if all the world were apple pie/And all the sea were ink / And all the trees were bread and cheese / What would we have to drink?” Then she leads the children into other thought-provoking questions, such as: “If a sentence begins with if, does that mean its not true?”4 “Youd be surprised at the thoughts thatbubble up,” says Richardson. “The youngsters learn a way of reading and thinking that can last a lifetime.”,Text B,5Give children something to think about. Take your kids to museums, read together, watch TV side by side. Then talk about what youve seen and heard. “Dont just walk through a museum and admire the exhibits,” psychologist Alan Sternberg says. “Throw out questions. Challenge the kids imaginations. What might the earth be like if dinosaurs came back?”,Text B,6 Involve the whole family. Good thinking habits can be learned best in a small group with plenty of give and take. Even the youngest child has ideas that should be brought out and listened to. A formal curriculum isnt necessary. Dinner talk about the events of the day can provide excellent opportunities for instruction. “Can you think of a different way you might have answered the teacher, Mike?”,Text B,7Tell jokes. Humor can help teach kids that theres more than one way of looking at things. A pun, for instance, gets a laugh because it looks at words from a different perspective. “Bob Hope had a disappointing Christmas,” goes one old joke, “He only got one golf club and it didnt even have a swimming pool.”8Once youve established a thinking atmosphere, its time for step two training your kids to use the following method of critical thinking:,Text B,9Look at all sides. One technique taught by Edward de Bono, founder of the Cognitive Research Trust program (a widely used method of teaching thinking), is the “PMI”. This involves looking for the Pluses, Minuses and Interesting points about any given question.,Text B,10Edward de Bono once asked a group of 30 ten-year-olds. “How would you like to receive $5 a week for attending school?” All 30 enthusiastically voted for the idea. Then he asked them to “do a PMI.” After three minutes of listing pluses, minuses and interesting points about the proposal, 29 out of 30 had changed their minds. Among the minuses: “Our parents wouldnt give us allowances” and “The school would raise prices for meals.” Further and deeper thought had convinced the group that the obvious answer wasnt necessarily the best.,Text B,11The PMI method is easy enough to recreate at home. Its fun to let all family members take turns proposing questions, then start brainstorming the pluses, minuses and interesting points as you can while a group secretary notes them all down in appropriate columns on a piece of paper. One crucial rule of de Bonos method is that no thought should be rejected. If someones idea seems dumb, ask them to clarify it. Usually youll find theyre just looking the question from an unexpected perspective. (681 words),Text B, has never been more important has been most important,e.g.The show can not be more successful.,Most people mistake quick answers for intelligence1) to understand wrongly2) to recognize incorrectly,e.g.I often mistake your mother for you on the phone.,the ones teachers scold for daydreamingto criticize angrily,e.g.The president was scolded publicly for raising taxes.,thought-provoking questionsquestions that would bring about thinking,e.g.His protest-provoking speech led to his resignation.,Translate into Chinese:Youd be surprised at the thoughts that bubble up.,你会对冒出来的各种想法感到惊讶。,give and takelively exchange of ideas and conversation,e.g.A great plan was made in the give and take of the team members.,Bob Hope(1903 - ) American comedian and film actor. His many films include Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1953), etc.,Background Information,He only got one golf club and it didnt even have a swimming pool.“golf club” has two meanings: 1) the instrument with which one strikes a golf ball;2) the organization and the facilities where one plays golf,The joke:Bob Hope only got one golf club (a pause goes here so people will think he received one club for hitting the ball) and then it is stated that it was a cheap “place” because it had no swimming pool.,Pluses, Minuses and Interesting pointsplus n. a favorable factorminus n. a negative factor,e.g.Knowledge of Spanish could be a plus in this job.Lack of experience might be a minus in getting the job.,Our parents wouldnt give us allowances.money that parents give regularly to their school children; AmE pocket money,e.g.Many college students have to do part-time jobs because they could barely make ends meet with their allowances., to let all family members take turns proposing questions, to share a task or duty,e.g.They took turns driving, and made it to the coast in 20 hours.,Text B: Comprehension Check,读写教程 II: Ex. XV, p. 211,XV.Give short answers to the following questions.,Text B: Comprehension Check,1.Does the author of Text B believe that “good thinkers are born, not made”?,Text B: Comprehension Check,2.What does the author think of the ability to come up with quick answers?,Text B: Comprehension Check,3.What is “thought-provoking” about the poem that Richardson quotes?,Text B: Comprehension Check,4.Does Sternberg think its enough to take children to museums, read together and watch TV side by side?,Text B: Comprehension Check,5.Why does the author recommend telling jokes?,Text B: Comprehension Check,6.How does the “the PMI method” contribute to good thinking?,Text B: Comprehension Check,7.In the PMI method, why shouldnt any idea be rejected?,Listening Practice,Short Conversations,Listening and Speaking IPart 5.3, pp. 104-105,You will hear 10 short conversations. After each conversation you will hear a question. Listen carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given.,Listening Practice: Conversations,1.A)Doctor and patient.B)Interviewer and interviewee. C)Boss and secretary.D)Shop assistant and customer.,2. A)The girl has no chance of being hired.B)The girl is the only person he would consider hiring. C)Its a pity that the girl isnt prettier.D)Her experience may improve her chances of being hired.,Listening Practice: Conversations,3. A) It would be more challenging.B)The pay was not attractive.C)The hours would be shorter.D)It would put her education to good use.,Listening Practice: Conversations,4. A)Mr.Martin is not usually cheerful.B)Mr.Martin is at home today.C)Something bad has happened.D)The speakers will have a holiday.,Listening Practice: Conversations,5. A)Dr.Smith.B)Professor Burton.C)Mrs.Dodd.D)The woman herself.,Listening Practice: Conversations,6. A)In Stone Street.B)In Fox Road.C)In Pine Lane.D)In Sherry Street.,Listening Practice: Conversations,7. A)11:30, in Room 505.B)10:30, in Room 505. C)10:30, in Room 405.D)9:30, in Room 405.,Listening Practice: Conversations,8. A)Theres no point in being patient.B)He doesnt see the point of the question.C)He has never been a patient person.D)He seldom gets angry.,Listening Practice: Conversations,9. A)She didnt hear what her son said.B)Her son always keeps his promise.C)She makes the same promise to her son.D)She doesnt trust her sons promise.,Listening Practice: Conversations,10.A)The woman wants to buy a portable computer.B)The woman has decided to buy a computer.C)The woman hasnt decided how to pay for the computer she wants.D)The man knows where she can buy an inexpensive computer.,Listening Practice: Conversations,Check-up,Listening Practice: Check-up,1.A)Doctor and patient.B)Interviewer and interviewee. C)Boss and secretary.D)Shop assistant and customer.,1.A)Doctor and patient.B)Interviewer and interviewee. C)Boss and secretary.D)Shop assistant and customer.,1.M: When you finish those, I want you to put these cards in alphabetical order, using the last names, and then make a list.W:You want the cards in alphabetical order, using the last names.M:Thats right.W: And what was the last thing?M: I want a list of the names.W: I see.Q:What is the probable relationship between the speakers?,Listening Practice: Check-up,Listening Practice: Check-up,2. A)The girl has no chance of being hired.B)The girl is the only person he would consider hiring. C)Its a pity that the girl isnt prettier.D)Her experience may improve her chances of being hired.,2. A)The girl has no chance of being hired.B)The girl is the only person he would consider hiring. C)Its a pity that the girl isnt prettier.D)Her experience may improve her chances of being hired.,2.W:What about this one, then?M:Hm, she is not very pretty, poor girl.W:Well, must a guid