大学英语四级写作专题辅导

大学英语四级写作专题辅导 吴少驰江苏大学外国语学院 大学英语四级作文评分标准 一 评分原则1 CET检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求 对作文的评判应以此要求为准则 2 CET作文题采用总体评分 GlobalScoring 方法 阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分 AwardScores 而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分 3 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判 内容和语言是一个统一体 作文应表达题目所规定的内容 而内容要通过语言来表达 要考虑作文是否切题 是否充分表达思想 也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想 也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍 4 避免趋中倾向 该给高分的给高分 包括满分 该给低分给低分 包括零分 一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数 5 字数不足以应酌情扣分 二 评分标准1 本题满分为15分2 阅卷标准共分五等 2分 5分 8分 11分及14分 各有标准样卷一份 3 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准 对照样卷评分 若认为与某一分数 如8分 相似 即定为该分数 即8分 若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分 即9分 或减一分 即7分 但不得加或减半分 分数档 4 评分标准2分 33 条理不清 思路紊乱 语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误 且多数为严重错误 5分 39 基本切题 表达思想不清楚 连贯性差 有较多的严重语言错误 8分 45 基本切题 有些地方表达思想不够清楚 文字勉强连贯 语言错误相当多 其中有一些是严重错误 11分 57 切题 表达思想清楚 文字连贯 但有少量语言错误 14分 67 切题 表达思想清楚 文字通顺 连贯性较好 基本上无语言错误 仅有个别小错 注 白卷 作文与题目毫不相关 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想 则给0分 CET4写作评分标准 高分作文基本要求 思想表达正确 语义连贯 无重大语言错误高分要求 句型的多样性 经典词组短语的运用 亮点词汇 写作题型 议论文1 主题型 topic 健康对人类的幸福必不可少 如何保持健康 结论2 观点对比型 A B 有人认为 英语对中国经济发展很重要 另有人认为 英语对中国经济发展没有意义 我的观点说明文 很多人不注重日常卫生习惯 不注意卫生习惯的后果 如何解决这一问题 写作题型 描写文 图表作文 描写图表内容 现象 分析现象的原因 观点或解决办法应用文 包括书信 便条 通知 海报等 主题 相关细节 重申主题 写作原则 内容简单化 简单 是指适合在30分钟内表达 结构模式化 主题句 分论点 总结 语言要包装错误要回避 写作技巧 宏观结构 三段式 开头要开门见山 写出主旨句 段落内部结构 主题句 扩展句 结尾句 微观结构 学会遣词造句 词汇 准确使用词汇 在此基础上尽量使用高级词汇 多使用词组 短语 恰当运用过渡词汇 避免多次重复使用同一词汇 可以用同义词或同根词替代 句型 注意变化句式 简单句复合句交叉使用 适当使用插入语 倒装句等 恰当使用修辞 建议 平时多注意收集有用词汇句式注意模仿 题目 Bicycles AnImportantMeansofTransportinChina提纲 1 为什么自行车在中国这样普及 2 和汽车的比较 3 自行车在中国的前途 模板的提炼过程 思路和表达 BicyclesareverypopularinChina Almosteveryfamilyinthecityhastwoorthreebicycles Duringtherushhour youcanseethatthousandsofpeople manandwoman oldandyoung ridetheirbicyclestoworkandstudy ThatiswhyChinaiscalled thekingdomofbicycles 单复数错误 manandwoman menandwomen词性错误 oldandyoung theoldandtheyoung专有名词 第一个和最后一个单词首字母大写 其他 实词 名动形副代数 首字母大写 虚词 介连冠 首字母不大写 2006 12Direction 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会 但有些人提出取消春节晚会 我的看法 句式提炼 BicyclesareverypopularinChina 词性转化 popular popularityInChina bicycleshavegainedwide greatpopularityamongChinesepeople 2011 06现在网上购物已经成为一种时尚Intherecentdecade onlineshoppinghasgainedwidepopularityamongyoungsters 2010 06如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视单词拼写InChina Englishlearninghasgainedwidepopularityamongstudents However 2009 12建设绿色校园很重要Inthecontemporarysociety theconceptofgreencampuseshasgainedwidepopularityamonguniversitiesorcolleges 2009 06越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么 Inthepresent daysociety freeadmissiontomuseumsisenjoyingwidepopularityamongChinesecitizens 2008 12一次性塑料袋曾经广泛的使用Duringthepastdecades disposableplasticbagsgainedwidepopularityamongpeopleintheworld 2008 06娱乐活动多种多样Inthisdayandage avarietyofrecreationalactivitieshavegainedwidepopularityamongindividuals BicyclesareverypopularinChina Inmyeyes youarethemostbeautiful Inmyeyes nooneismorebeautifulthanyou 高分句式结构 No is aremore than BicyclesareverypopularinChina InChina nomeansoftransportismorepopularandimportantthanbicycles 我能想到最浪漫的事就是和你一起慢慢变老 高分句式 双重否定句型 否定词 no not never nothing 有否定意义或否定前缀或否定后缀的名词 形容词 副词 动词 介词 连词等 Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm RalphWaldoEmersonNothingisimpossibletoawillingheart HeywoodNomanisuselessinthisworldwholightenstheburdenofsomeoneelse CharlesDickensTheword impossible isnotinmydictionary BonaparteNapoleon 2011 12Directions You reallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld I vedoneithundredsoftime You dwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words Outlines 1 坚强的意志是成功的重要保证 2 意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命 3 学生也是这样 不刻苦学习 终究不会成为有用之才 意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命 Peoplecannotaccomplishgreatmissionswithoutastrongwill Noonecanundertakeagreatmissionwithoutastrongwill Nomanisunlikelytohavebrilliantachievementswithanironwill Hewillnotsucceedwhowillnotpersevere 被动表达 Nogreatmissioncanbeaccomplishedwithoutastrongwill Nosuccesscannotbeachievedwithanironwill NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillNogreatworkcanbeperformedwithoutwill Weenvyfamousmenandimaginethatfamewasduetosomestrokeofluck Butwhenweknowtheirhistories wefindthatitislongyearsofwillandconstanteffortthathavebroughtabouttheirsuccess Justaswecan treachthetopofamountainwithoutclimbing wecan tachievesuccesswithoutwill Themodernsocietyprovidespeoplewithmoreopportunitiesthanbefore andtherearestorieswhichtellusthepossibilityofbecomingsuccessfulovernight Actuallythatisnotthecase Beforethesepeoplebecomesuccessful alotofhardworkhasbeendone unnoticedmostly Whatweusuallyseeistheresult butwhatweignoreisalongprocessofstrugglingforwardandwrestlingwithinternalorexternalobstacles Take quittingsmoking forexample whichis tomostpeople adifficulttask sopeoplealwaysgiveuptheideafortheydon thavethestrongwill Inanutshell strongwillisanimportantconditionorroleofthesuccesstheindividualshoulddesiretomaintainforever Thereisnoinstantsuccessinthisworld Strongwillisthebestpolicytomakeyourlifedistinctandyourdreamscometrue 高分句式 排比句式Icame Isaw Iconquered JuliusCaesarGovernmentofthepeople bythepeopleandforthepeople shallnotperishfromtheearth AbrahamLincolnStudiesservefordelight forornament andforability FrancisBaconSomebooksaretobetasted otherstobeswallowed andsomefewtobechewedanddigested FrancisBacon 排比句式Itcannotbedeniedthattechnologydoeshelpusalot Internetprovidesuswitheasyaccesstovariousaspectsofknowledgeandinformation mobilephonesmakeitmoreconvenientforustocommunicatewithoneanother agrowingnumberofman madesatelliteshavebeenlaunchedtoprobeintothesecretsoftheuniverse Withouttechnology theworldwouldstopdeveloping Thatiswhyweshouldbeproudofadvancedscienceandtechnologyinthecontemporaryage 排比句式somediscardlitterseverywhere somecheatintests somewastefoodoncanteens somethrowoffensive insultingremarksatothers somearealwayslateforclasses someguysevenwatchpornographicorviolentfilmsindorms 2009 12Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow 1 建设绿色校园很重要2 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境 3 为了建设绿色校园 我们应该 1 建设绿色校园很重要Theconceptof GreenLife hasgainedwidepopularityamongChinesecitizens Almosteveryuniversityhasbeenawareoftheimportanceofbuildingagreencampus Withoutgreenenvironmentitisimpossibleforcollegestudentstohaveanenjoyable agreeablelifeintheIvoryTower Furthermore agreencampusisofbenefittobroaden consolidatestudents awarenessofenvironmentalprotection CreatingaGreenCampus 2 绿色校园不仅仅指绿色的环境 Inadditiontogreenenvironment greencampusesalsorefertodecentbehaviors However takingalookaround wecanfindagoodmanyexamplesofinappropriateones somediscardlitterseverywhere somecheatintests somewastefoodoncanteens somethrowoffensive insultingremarksatothers somearealwayslateforclasses someguysevenwatchpornographicorviolentfilmsindorms Infact ithasbecomeatrendformanystudentstoturnablindeyetotheirownbadacts 3 为了建设绿色校园 我们应该 Accordingly itisimperative urgentforustotakemeasurestomaintaingreencampuses Foronething itisessentialthatregulationsshouldbeworkedouttobanthesenegativebehaviors Foranother weshouldeducate advocateandencourageourclassmates friendsandacquaintancestorefusealluncivilizedacts Ifwedoourutmosttodoso thefutureofourcollegelifewillbehopeful promisingandrosy 友情提醒 高分句式灵活运用NowadaysEnglishlearningisverypopularinChina Inrecentdecades Englishlearninghasgained isenjoyingwidepopularityamongChinesestudents NowadaysEnglishlearningismoreandmorepopularinChina Inrecentdecades Englishlearninghasgained isenjoyinggrowingpopularityamongChinesestudents Inrecentdecades EnglishlearninghasfounditsgrowingpopularityamongChinesestudents 首段首尾句句式选择 呼应式写法 1 has havegained is areenjoying widepopularityamong 2 has havefoundits theirwayamong 3 Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendfor to Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendthat 4 Thereisagrowingtrendof Thereisagrowingtrendthat 注 首句前加上适当的时间状语 2011 06现在网上购物已经成为一种时尚Inthecontemporarysociety onlineshoppinghasgainedwidepopularitythroughouttheworld Forthesakeofconvenience agrowingnumberofpeoplemakepurchasesonavarietyofshoppingwebsiteseveryday Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforyoungsterstoshoponline Inthecontemporarysociety ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforyoungsterstoshoponline Forthesakeofconvenience agrowingnumberofpeoplemakepurchasesonavarietyofshoppingwebsiteseveryday Onlineshoppinghasgainedwidepopularitythroughouttheworld Inthecontemporarysociety thereisagrowingtideofyoungstersshoppingonline Forthesakeofconvenience agrowingnumberofpeoplemakepurchasesonavarietyofshoppingwebsiteseveryday Onlineshoppinghasgainedwidepopularitythroughouttheworld 2009 12建设绿色校园很重要Inthepresent daysociety theconceptof GreenCampus isenjoyingwidepopularityamonguniversities WithoutgreenenvironmentitisimpossibleforcollegestudentstohaveanenjoyableandagreeablelifeintheIvoryTower Thusithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforuniversitiestocreategreencampuses 2010 06如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视单词拼写Inrecentdecades Englishlearninghasgainedwidepopularityamongstudents Thereisagrowingtrend tideoflearningEnglishinChina However 题目 MyViewonDoubleBADegree提纲 1 现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见2 对此 人们看法不一3 我对这一现象的看法 练笔 MyviewonDoubleBADegreeInthecontemporarysociety thesystemofdoublebachelor sdegreehasgainedwidepopularityamonguniversitiesorcolleges Onmanycampusesithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforstudentstohavetwomajorsatthesametime Tothisphenomenon differentstudentstakedivergentattitudes Somestronglyapproveofitinthatadoublebachelor sdegreecanbroadentheirvision thusputtingtheminamorefavorablepositioninthejob seekingmarket Onthecontrary thosewhostandfirmlyopposedtoitalsohavecogentreasons Foronething twomajorsmakeitdifficultforthemtofocusononeparticularfield foranother theycanexpandtheirscopeofknowledgebyreadingextensivelyratherthanpursuingadoublebachelor sdegree Personally Iamslightlynegativeaboutdoublebachelor sdegree Inthisdayandage themoreskilledweareinonespecificrealm thebetterwecanmeetthesociety sneeds Accordingly itisadvisablethatweshouldmakethemostofourcollegelifetoacquiremorespecializedknowledgeandskillstosetthestageforourfuture MyViewonDoubleDegreeIntherecentdecade doubleBAdegreehasgainedwidepopularityamonguniversitiesorcolleges Takingalookaround wecanseeagreatmanystudentsstriveforit Tothisphenomenon peoplewhofavoritareconvincedthatadoubleBAdiplomabuildsupconfidenceinthefiercecompetitionandenablesgraduatestolandanintervieweasily Bycontrast thosewhoopposeitcontendthatlearningtwomajorsdeprivesstudentsoftheirsparetimetodoextracurricularactivities What smore theyregarddoubleBAdegreeasacertificateratherthanthestandardforweighingaperson scapability FromwhereIstand astudentwithtwomajorsstandsabetterchancetofindasatisfactoryjobinthemarket Therefore itisessentialthatwepushforadoubleBAdegreeandpavethewayforabrightfuture 观点对比型模板提炼Tothisphenomenon issue different takedivergentattitudes Somestrongly firmly constantlyapproveof advocateitinthat as Onthecontrary Bycontrast thosewhoare keep standstrongly firmly constantlyopposedtoitcogently convincinglycontendthat Tothisphenomenon issue different takedivergentattitudes Somewhostrongly firmly constantlyapproveof advocateitarecogentlyconvincedthat Onthecontrary Bycontrast thosewhoare keep standstrongly firmly constantlyopposedtoitcontendthat Tothisphenomenon issue different takedivergentattitudes Somestrongly firmly constantlyapproveof advocateit Theyholdtheviewthat Moreover Furthermore Inaddition Onthecontrary Bycontrast thosewhoare keep standstrongly firmly constantlyopposedtoitalsohavecogent soundreasons Foronething foranother 时间状语 has havegained is areenjoying widepopularityamong Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendfor to Some strongly firmly constantlyapproveof advocate inthat as Some strongly firmly constantlyapproveof advocate Foronething foranother Onthecontrary Bycontrast thosewhoare keep standstrongly firmly constantlyopposedtoitalsohavecogent soundreasons Accordingtotheirpointofview Moreover Furthermore Inaddition 五彩斑斓的英语句子 什么样的句子更加吸引阅卷老师 优美句子的艺术张力何在 优美的句子如何形成 复杂多样变幻莫测 如何避免句式单调 被动式It形式主语 宾语分词作状语TherebeWith复合结构 with n 结构 非限制性定语从句倒装主语从句名词化 被动式人们普遍认为理论与实践是不可分的 Itiswidelyacceptedthattheoryisinseparablefrompractice 学生应该适当重视单词拼写 Dueimportanceshouldbeattachedtospelling 事情应当按照轻重缓急来处理 Priorityshouldbegiventotheurgencyofmatters 只有拥有远大的理想与辛勤的努力才能取得成功 Nosuccesscanbeachievedwithoutaspirationandperspiration It形式主语 宾语 1 不用说 Itgoeswithoutsayingthat 2 值得做某事Itpaystodosth 3 不可否认 Itcannotbedeniedthat Itisundeniablethat Itmustbeadmittedthat 4 人们普遍认为 Itiscommonlybelievedthat Itisgenerallyconsideredthat Itiswidelyacceptedthat Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat 5 很重要Itisexceedingly extremelyimportant essential crucial vital necessary imperative urgent forsb todo Itisexceedingly extremelyimportant essential crucial vital necessary imperative urgentthat 主语 should do bedone 6 很流行 普遍Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrend tide forsb todo 7 使得 怎么样makeit adj forsb todo 8 认为 怎么样think believe consider findit adj forsb todo 9 想当然认为 takeitforgrantedthat takesth forgranted 分词作状语Takingalookaround wecanseeagreatmanystudentsstriveforit Encouragedbyparentsandteachers agreatmanystudentsstriveforit EquippedwithadoubleBAcertificate theycanenhancetheircompetitivenessandpromotetheirdevelopment therebe结构 1 不可否认 Thereisnodenying thefact that 2 是没有 几乎没有意义的Thereisno littlepoint senseindoing 3 对于 人们观点不一Thereisnoconsensusamong on doing 4 也有人持有不同的观点Therearealsosomewhoholdtheopposingopinion therebe结构的灵活运用1 近几年这个地区的人口锐减 Inrecentdecade therehasbeenaradicaldecreaseinthepopulationofthearea 2 随着春节的临近 人们回家团圆的心情愈加强烈 TherewasagrowinglongingforafamilyreunionalongwiththeapproachofSpringFestival with复合结构 with n 结构 1 with n adj 2008 12 有了一次性塑料袋 人们购物更方便了 Withdisposableplasticbagsavailable peopleenjoymoreconveniencewhiledoingshopping 2 with n 分词 2011 6 有了各种各样的购物网站 为了方便起见人们开始网上购物 Withavarietyofshoppingwebsitesoffered provided agreatmanyyoungstersmakepurchasesthroughtheinternetforthesakeofconvenience 3 with n PP 介词短语 有了双学士文凭 学生更容易找到一份理想的工作 WithadoubleBAcertificateathand astudentstandsabetterchancetofindanidealjob 非限制性定语从句 2009 6 一些参观者到处乱扔垃圾 对博物馆的环境造成了破坏 Somevisitorsthrowawaythegarbagehereandthere whichwilldogreatdamagetothesurroundingsofthemuseums Somevisitorsthrowawaythegarbagehereandthere thus doinggreatdamagetothesurroundingsofthemuseums 词汇拓展 对 有害 dodamage harmto bedetrimental harmfulto exert haveanegative badeffect influenceon 2009 6 政府不得不采取其他方式通过各种渠道募集资金 这样操作起来和控制起来都比较困难 Ourgovernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectmoneyfromdifferentchannels whichmightbedifficulttooperateorcontrol Ourgovernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectmoneyfromdifferentchannels causingsomedifficultyinoperatingorcontrolling 词汇拓展 造成 导致 cause pose contributeto giveriseto bringabout resultin leadto 倒装2009 06Onlywithfreeaccesstothislive database canpeoplefullyenjoywhatmuseumscouldoffertothem Onlyinthiswaycanfree admissiontomuseumsbecomealong lastingphenomenonandhavesustainabledevelopment 1 only位于句首only倒装触发的前提条件 only 介词短语Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnfromyourmistake Onlybyexpandingourscopeofknowledgecanwemeettheneedsofsuchanadvancedsociety only 副词OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofhealth Onlythuscanwefinishthetaskaheadoftime only 从句Onlywhenhewasseriouslyilldidheeverstayinbed 2 notonly but also 2006 12 春晚不仅能够营造狂热的节日氛围 而且能够使人们更多地了解中国文化 NotonlydoesSpringFestivalGalacreateafeverishatmosphere butitenablespeopletoknowmoreaboutChineseculture butitacquaintspeoplewithmoreChineseculture butitservesasanimportantchannelforpeopletoknowmoreaboutChineseculture 3 bynomeans innocase onnoaccount 2011 12 我们决不能向困难屈服 Bynomeansshouldwegiveintodifficulties giveinto yieldto submittodifficulty hardship obstacle adversity setback在奋斗的过程中我们会遇到无数困难与挫折 但我们决不能屈服 Bynomeansshouldwegiveintotheadversitiesandsetbackswemeetwithintheprocessofourstrugglingforward 主语从句 what引导 2011 12 Whatweusuallyseeistheresult butwhatweignoreisalongprocessofstrugglingforwardandwrestlingwithinternalorexternalobstacles 2010 1290 给游客印象最深的 wasthefriendlinessandwarmthofthelocalpeople 2009 690 很多人所没有意识到的 isthatSimonisaloverofsports andfootballinparticular 2008 1288 大多数父母所关心的 isprovingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren 名词化名词化 是用名词来体现本来要用动词或形容词所体现的 过程 或 特征 韩礼德 名词化就是把动词 形容词转化为名词 OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofhealth onlythendidIrealizethathealthwasimportant Thereisaheateddiscussionaboutwhetherweshouldattendmilitarytraining wediscussheatedlywhetherweshouldattendmilitarytraining InChina bicycleshavegainedwide greatpopularityamongChinesepeople 随着春节的临近 人们回家团圆的心情愈加强烈 TherewasagrowinglongingforafamilyreunionalongwiththeapproachofSpringFestival Moreandmoreuniversitiesareawareoftheimportanceofbuildinggreencampuses Thereisanincreasingawarenessoftheimportanceofbuildinggreencampusesamonguniversities 名词化触发的位置 主语 宾语 表语 同位语例 他不断地奋斗 最终取得了成功 Hestruggledconstantly sohesucceededintheend 降级处理 句子 短语struggle struggle constantly constant he his hisconstantstrugglesucceed success intheend final he his hisfinalsuccess 连词变为谓语动词so contributeto 合并 注意时态与人称 Hisconstantstrugglecontributedtohisfinalsuccess Technologyisdevelopingrapidly sothesocietyadvanced Therapiddevelopmentoftechnologycontributesto promotestheadvancementofsociety Theylackstrongwill sotheywon tpursuedoubleBAdegree ThelackofstrongwilldiscouragesthemfrompursuingdoubleBAdegree ThelackofstrongwillleadstotheirreluctancetopursuedoubleBAdegree 2010 6 试卷上绝大多数都是选择题 因此学生忽视了单词拼写 Anoverwhelmingpercentageofmultiplechoicesintestpaperscontributestostudents ignoranceofspelling Anoverwhelmingpercentageofmultiplechoicesintestpaperscontributestostudents lackofattentiontospelling Theyreachedanagreementaftertheytalkedforalongtime Theyreachedanagreementafteralengthytalk 只有相互信任 相互尊重 友谊才能天长地久 Onlyifwetrusteachotherandrespecteachothercanourfriendshiplastlong Mutualtrustandrespectpromotesalong lastingfriendship Mutualtrustandrespectcan willpromotealong lastingfriendship Mutualtrustandrespectisthekeytoalong lastingfriendship 名词化在英语写作中的应用 2008 12 尽管一次性塑料袋很方便 但是对环境会造成很大的破坏 Disposableplasticbagsdomuchdamagetotheenvironmentdespitegreatconveniencetheybringtous 2010 6 由于没能掌握有效的技巧 学生对背单词灰心丧气 Failuretoobtaineffectiveskillstomemorizewordsdiscouragesstudentsfromspelling 2009 6Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledFreeAdmissionstoMuseums Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow 1 越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放 目的是 2 有人认为这样做会带来一些问题 3 在我看来 Nowadays anincreasingnumberofmuseumsareopentothepublicforfreeofcharge Thehiddenreasonbehindthisisnothardtoanalyzeasthere sagrowingawarenessfortheauthoritiesregardingthepopulariz