chapter1 introduction macroeconomics third edition 教学课件 中宏williamson-ppt

Chapter 1,Introduction,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-2,Chapter 1 Topics,What is macroeconomics?GDP, economic growth, business cycles.Macroeconomic models.Understanding recent and current macroeconomic events.,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-3,What is Macroeconomics?,Models built to explain macroeconomic phenomena.The important phenomena are long-run growth and business cycles.Approach in this book is to build up macroeconomic analysis from microeconomic principles.,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-4,Gross Domestic Product, Economic Growth, and Business Cycles,Gross Domestic Product (GDP): the quantity of goods and services produced within a countrys borders over a particular period of time.The time series of GDP can be separated into trend and business cycle components,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-5,Figure 1.1 Per Capita Real GDP (in 2000 dollars) for the United States, 19002005,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-6,Figure 1.2 Natural Logarithm of Per Capita Real GDP,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-7,Figure 1.3 Natural Logarithm of Per Capita Real GDP and Trend,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-8,Figure 1.4 Percentage Deviations from Trend in Per Capita Real GDP,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-9,Macroeconomic Models,A macroeconomic model captures the essential features of the world needed to analyze a particular macroeconomic problem.Macroeconomic models should be simple, but they need not be realistic.,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-10,Basic Structure of a Macroeconomic Model,Consumers and firmsThe set of goods that consumers consumeConsumers preferencesThe production technologyResources available,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-11,Understanding Recent and Current Macroeconomic Events,Aggregate productivityTaxes, Government Spending and the Government DeficitInterest RatesBusiness Cycles in the United StatesThe Current Account Surplus and the Government SurplusInflationUnemployment,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-12,Figure 1.5 Natural Logarithm of Average Labor Productivity,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-13,Figure 1.6 Total Taxes (black line) and Total Government Spending (colored line) in the United States, as Percentages of GDP,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-14,Figure 1.7 The Total Government Surplus in the United States as a Percentage of GDP,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-15,Figure 1.8 The Nominal Interest Rate and the Inflation Rate,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-16,Figure 1.9 Real Interest Rate,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-17,Figure 1.10 Percentage Deviation from Trend in Real GDP, 19472006,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-18,Figure 1.11 Exports and Imports of Goods and Services for the United States as Percentages of GDP,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-19,Figure 1.12 The Current Account Surplus and the Government Surplus, 19602006,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-20,Figure 1.13 The Inflation Rate and the Money Growth Rate,Copyright 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.,1-21,Figure 1.14 The Unemployment Rate in the United States, 19482006,Copyright 20