新概念英语第三册Lesson4.doc

新概念英语第三册笔记 lesson 4 Lesson04 ThedoublelifeofAlfredBloggs1. New words and expression 生词和短语Double adj.两倍的, 双重的- Double life, 双重生活- Double character：双重人格- Double chin：双下巴- Double bed: 双人床， twin beds: 两张标准床。Two-timer: a man who dates two women at the same time, 脚踩两只船。manual adj.体力的 （= physical adj.身体的, 物质的）- manualwork 体力工作- manual labor 体力劳动者mentalwork 脑力工作collar n.衣领- gold-collar adj. 金领阶层的。 - -white-collar adj.白领阶层的, 脑力劳动者（those who domentalwork）- blue-collar adj蓝领阶级的, 工人阶级的（those who domanualwork）hotunder thecollar 怒气冲天- He got hot under the collar when he knew that they laughed at him.make a collar: police catch criminals, 警察抓小偷sacrifice vt.牺牲，献出 （togiveupforgoodpurpose）- sacrificeoneslifeforthecountry- sacrificetimesacrifice n.牺牲 （- makemanysacrifices）dustman n.清洁工corporation n.公司， 大型股份有限公司- multinational corporation: 跨国公司Company: 小公司Enterprise: 企业- Joint-venture enterprise: 合资企业- State-owned enterprise: 国有企业- Township enterprise: 乡镇企业- Non-government run school: 民办学校overalls n.工作服shower n.淋浴secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隐秘的Confidential adj.机密的keepsecret 保密- Itsbetweenyouandme. 此事只介于你我之间。- Illkeepittomyself. 我会保守秘密的。insecret 私下里（= secretly, inprivate, privately） - Ihesecret 知道内情 - Hewasinthesecretfromthebeginningstatus n.地位（= socialposition） statue n.雕像, 塑像rise n.发生, 出现loss n.损失fellow n.伙伴, 朋友, 同事 adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的2. Text 课文WhydidAlfwantawhite-collarjob?Thesedays,peoplewhodomanualworkoftenreceivefarmoremoneythanpeoplewho workinoffices.l peoplewhodomanualwork = blue-collarworkers: 蓝领工人people who domentalwork = white-collarworkers = peoplewhoworkinoffices：白领， 脑力劳动者l receive money/拿工资, save money/存钱, spend money/花钱，make money/挣钱- Spend the money tomorrow today. l farmoremoney（far，表示程度的副词，用来加强语气= much）Peoplewhoworkinofficesarefrequentlyreferredtoaswhite-collarworkersforthe simplereasonthattheyusuallywearacollarandtietogotowork.l referto.as=regard.as 把.看作为, 参考， 参看。- Ialwaysrefertohimasbookworm（n.书呆子）be referred to as 被称作为- He is referred to as walking dictionary. 他被称作活字典。l forthesimplereason = for 引导的原因状语从句forthereasonthat多用于正式文体，because多用于口语中。- He is referred to as a bookworm for the simple reason that he spares no efforts reading.- He was send to prison for he could not pay his debts.Suchishumannature,thatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers.l humannature 人性，人之常情l such.that. , that从句并不是非限定性定语从句，而是引导such的同位语从句, 进一步补充说明such的基本内涵。在英语中，如果主语过长的时候，主语及其修饰成分就要放在后面，以保持句子的平衡和逻辑上的美感。Such that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers is human nature. - Hiskindnesswassuchthatwewillneverforgethim.= Suchwashiskindness that （such在句首要倒装）= He was so kind thatwewillneverforgethim.- Suchishumannaturethatwewanttogetalotofthingsfree.l 介词for表示一种目的bewillingtodosth = bereadytodosth 心甘情愿做l privilege n.好处 （= advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益）sacrificeonesadvantage/privilege 牺牲掉某人的好处for the privilege of : 为了获得殊荣，宁愿. privilege n.特权, 特别待遇（= specialright）givesb. theprivilegeofdoingsth 特许某人做某事 privileged a.荣幸的- We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our speaker.Thiscangiverisetocurioussituations,asitdidinthecaseofAlfredBloggswhoworkedas adustmanfortheEllesmereCorporation.l giveriseto = 引起（lead to v.导致, 通向）（cause vt.引起, 惹起）（resultin v.导致）- Suchconductmightgiverisetomisunderstandings. 这种行为会引起误解。- Thebadconditionshavegivenrisetoalotofcrimes. 不良的环境引起了犯罪。- Pollution gave rise to a world wide green-house effect. 全球污染引起了温室效应。l curious: 好奇的，奇妙的，稀奇的 l as it did: as 引导方式状语从句，it 是上一句that从句的内容， did是前面这句话的中心谓语，give rise to curious situations. l inthecaseof 就.来说, 关于, 就.的情形而言 （= concerning prep.关于, 涉及, 就.说）- Poverty depressed many people, but in the case of my father, it was otherwise. 贫穷使许多人一蹶不振，但是对我父亲来说，则另当别论。 incaseof（副词）万一, 以防 （in case: conj.万一）- Youshouldensureyourhouseincaseoffire. （ensure vt.保证; 担保, 保险）- Take an umbrella with you in case of rain 带上雨伞以防下雨。l who引导定语从句第一段围绕着第一句话展开，或者说such is human nature, 作者告诉我们这就是他要讨论的主旨，也就是他提出的这个社会现象。Whenhegotmarried,Alfwastooembarrassedtosayanythingtohiswifeabouthisjob. HesimplytoldherthatheworkedfortheCorporation.l tooembarrassedtosay 太尴尬而没有说明，为难，困窘too .to：太.以至于不能.- too good to be true- Its too hot to work. beashamedof 感到羞愧, 惭愧- Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.shy: 羞涩, 不好意思- He was too shy to ask her do dance with him. awkward: 别扭，不自在。- He feels awkward with women. l marry 强调动作 （- Hemarriedthegirl. 他娶了这个女孩。）getmarried 强调过程（- Last year they got married.）bemarriedtosb 强调状态（-Theoldmanhasbeenmarriedtohiswifefor50years.）l get engaged/订婚， get married/结婚， get separated/分居， get divorced/离婚background notes: wedding oathThe OathI take you as my wedded husband from the moment forward. For better or worse, for rich or poor, health or sickness to love and cherish. As God is my witness, I give my promise. l Simply: 仅仅.，副词用来修饰told。Everymorning,helefthomedressedinasmartblacksuit.l smart: good looking and stylish.l dressedinasmartblacksuit: 穿着一身漂亮得体的西装，这里dress是形容词作伴随状语.Hethenchangedintooverallsandspentthenexteighthoursasadustman. Before returning home at night. He took a shower and changed back into this suit. l changedinto 换上，强调变化的效果 / change back into 换回l Beforereturninghome = BeforehereturnedhomeBefore和动名词搭配, 相当于Before引导的时间状语从句, 如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语- Aftergettinghome, hehadagoodrest.- Beforehavingdinner, hefinishedallhishomework.Alf didthisforovertwoyearsandhisfellowdustmenkepthissecret.Alfswifehasneverdiscoveredthatshemarriedadustmanandsheneverwill,forAlfhasjustfoundanotherjob. l Fellow dustmen: 和他一起工作的清洁工. 工友。fellow: 同伴，伙伴。 fellow student, fellow traveler, fellow passenger， fellow countryman/同胞-mate 伙伴，但是通常是一个合成词，Workmate/工友， roommate/室友， helpmate/妻子,贤内助， soul mate/红颜,蓝颜知己 l Never have doneand never will: 从不曾，今后也不会。- Dont you know I have carried the torch for you for a long time. - Im sorry. I have never love you and never will. l sheneverwill = shewillneverdiscoverthesecret在省略句式中, never要放在助动词之前- “willyougotoseeher?”- “Iwillnevertotoseeher = No, Ineverwill.Hewillsoonbeworkinginanoffice. Hewillbeearningonlyhalfasmuchasheusedto,buthefeelsthathisriseinstatusiswell worththelossofmoney.l halfasmuchashalf / aquarter / twice / threetimes + as.as. 表示倍数- Iwontmarryamanwhoistwiceasoldasme.- Thisroomisaboutthreetimesaslargeasthatone. 是.的几倍：.as +形容词或副词原形+ as. 比.多几倍：.times +形容词或副词比较级+ than- Thisroadisfourtimeslongerthanthatone. =- Thisroadisfivetimesaslongasthatone.l Whatheobtainediswellworththelossoftime. 他的所得是值得花时间的。well副词用来加强语气, very much, 修饰形容词worthFromnowon,hewillwearasuitalldayandotherswillcallhimMr.Bloggs,notAlf.4. Special difficulties 难点impossibility n.不可能之事, 不可能grant vt.同意, 准予A. 两类词汇：1) tell, give等动词可以和双宾语搭配（指物的直接宾语，指人的间接宾语）- Hetoldastorytome. = Hetoldmeastory.2) explain, say等动词只能带一个(直接)宾语, 在间接宾语前要用介词to- He explain the difficult to me. / He said nothing to me.- ShespeaksEnglishtoherhusbandandSwedishtoherchildren.- Headmittedhisguilttothepolice.（guilt n.罪行, 内疚）- Didyousuggestthisideatohim?当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时, 通常放在间接宾语之后（但say除外）- Iexplainedtohimtheimpossibilityofgrantinghisrequest.= I explained theimpossibilityofgrantinghisrequest to him.- Heconfessedtomethathehadfallenasleepduringthemeeting.= Heconfessedthathehadfallenasleepduringthemeeting tome.3) confide vt., vi. 倾诉（与in连用）- Jone felt she could only confide in her mother. 琼觉得她只有向她妈妈倾吐心中的秘密。 吐露 (心事、秘密等), 与to连用- One evening he came and confided to me that he had spent five years in prison.有一天晚上他到我家来向我吐露他曾坐过五年牢。B.“Worth后面只能跟名词或动名词, 无被动语态be worth sth./ doing sth. - Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.- Hisriseinstatusisworththelossofmoney.- The book is worth reading. (不能用被动语态)worthy: adj, 值得尊敬的，值得做某事, 后面可以跟被动语态。 be worthy of respecting, / be worthy of being respected, 5课文中的比较.l more than, as much as : 用比较级表示比较。 Peoplewhodomanualworkoftenreceivefarmoremoneythanpeoplewho workinoffices. He will be earning only half as much as he used to. l Agreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers.Hefeelsthathisriseinstatusiswell worththelossofmoney.这第二种在课文中的某些词语隐含着比较的意思在里面。 6. Multiple choice questions 多项选择1. A illustrate vt.阐明, 阐述“.agreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworker2. C doublelife3. D .hefeelsthathisriseinstatusiswellworththelossofmoneyprevious adj.在前的, 早先的respect n.某方面 vt.尊敬, 尊重4. B togo可以省略Theyusuallygotoworkwearingacollarandtie.5. D Alfredwastooembarrassedtosayanythingtohiswifeabouthisjob.too.to（不定式to表示否定）so.that（在that引导的结果状语从句中, 如果采用否定式，可以和too.to互换）- Thewateristoohotforustodrink. = Thewaterissohotthatwecantdrink.6. C HesimplytoldherthatheworkeroftheCorporationsimply副词（仅仅是, 再没有别的了= only, just）无论是simply, only还是just，往往用在所修饰的主体词之前。- Ididitsimply/onlyforthemoney