完形填空(4-2).doc

完形填空命题趋势与解题技巧一、命题趋势完形填空是一种综合性很强的试题型，它根据测试的需要，将一篇短文中的若干单词或短语去掉。要求学生从所提供的选项中选出最佳选项，填入空内，使短文句子通顺正确，意思完整。完形填空题的突出特点是起点高，容量大。它不仅能测试出学生的英语知识水平，而且尤其能准确地测出学生综合运用英语知识的能力。完形填空题按类型可分为：A. 语言知识型。如各种语法规则，句型句式等在文章中的正确运用；测试单词在一定的语境下的基本用法和习惯用法；常用搭配常考对其词义的记忆或其特点意义的理解和灵活运用。B.判断推理型。考查对篇章的整体理解，上下段落的衔接，逻辑思维与判断推理能力。C.综合型，即对知识和能力的综合运用的考查。通过分析研究近年来全国各地中考完形填空题的命题。可以总结出完形填空题的命题趋势：1.以考查文意为主的逻辑判断推理题的比例逐年增加。2.考查名词、动词、形容词和副词的用法与辨析的比例极大，而且有逐年上升的趋势。3.对连词的考查题也在增加，主要考查学生对行文逻辑的掌握及文句之间关联词的理解。4.对时态和冠词用法的考查呈逐年减少的趋势。完形填空题历来是学生最感头痛也是失分最多的题型之一。但是，学生要想在完形填空上有所突破，必须从听说读写各方面入手，提高自己的整体英语水平，打牢英语基础，要求：1.要有充足的词汇量。要准确理解和掌握大纲中所要求掌握的词汇的音、形、义、性。特别要注意熟练掌握相当数量的短语和习惯用法。2.要有坚实的语法基础知识。3.具有综合运用所学知识的能力。仅能记一些生词和语法规则是远远不够的，一定要从上下文具体语言环境出发，有机地考虑恰当的语法形式和选择适当的词汇。4.要有一定的阅读经验和阅读能力。应经常阅读一些短小精悍的文章，对各种体裁、题材、风格的文章都应有所涉及。培养语感和快速理解文章的中心思想，判断文章的前后关联，对西方读物的风格和行文特点有所体会，并能根据故事情节进行逻辑推理、猜测作者的写作意图。二、解题技巧1、通读全文，了解大意。完形填空不同于单项选择填空题，它所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。因此，做完形填空题时，一定要先通读一遍全文，对文章有个全面的了解，切勿为了省时而边看过选，否则一定是欲速则不达，造成有的地方内容看不懂或理解错误。跳过空格读全文。 这样可以快速了解全文大意，对文章的体裁，事件的前因后果有个大致了解。阅读中要重视文章首句，这个句子往往是探索短文全貌的“窗口”，常常点明了全文的中心思想，对理解文章帮助很大。通读全文时要采用快速阅读法，如遇个别生词，要么通过上下文或构词法猜测词义，要么暂时略过，不必进行字斟句酌的精读。在阅读中，要特别注意记忆其中最能表现短文内容的关键词或中心句。考试时切不可在没掌握大意的基础上边读边做，眼睛只在空格和答案之间转动，只看一词一句，犯“只见树木不见森林”的错误。2、逐句细读,琢磨选项.掌握文章大意后,逐句分析,根据上下文意思,将你认为文意恰当、词义贴切的选项填入空格。在这一过程中要注意文脉走势和作者口吻，从字里行间寻找文章的逻辑关系。并注意抓住关联词语，前后搭配，不能单纯地凭语法知识解题。同时，还要注意运用下面两种方法：择优法。学生可根据文章及结构边读边填，如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再支逐个考证其余答案。排除法。如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法，词义辨析等方面，对选项逐个分析试填，排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。3、复读全文，消除疏漏。把填好的短文（包括选出的答案）通读一遍，检查全文是否前后贯通舒畅，是否达到了完形的目的，一个空格好比一道关口，全部关口是否畅通，是否在某个关口处理不当，造成意义含混等矛盾。如果存在这种情况，要从语法、惯用法，甚至语感入手，看是否正确无误。另外，学生在做完形填空时，还应把握先易后难的原则，善于返回定论。完形填空的10空中，比较难的仅有二、三个，大多数是中低等难度题。因此，在解题过程中要注意答题速度，不可为一道难题而苦思冥想，耗时太多，应该绕道而行，先做下边容易做的，将有把握的空填上。当10个题已经做完七、八个题时，思考范围缩小了，同时又掌握了更多的有用信息，心理负担也减轻了，那么，剩下的几道题就可以从容作答了。有一些题目在上文难以找到信息依据，考生无论怎么思考都觉得不合情理，这时，必须读下去，在下文中找到相关依据后再返回定论。有时上文已选定答案，但下文解题中，发现上文那个答案又不妥了，不符合逻辑，这时也必须返回定论，不善于返回定论，就难于做好完形填空题。三、示例分析AMrs. Black was a famous musician several years ago. She 1 music at school and her students did well in their lessons. They liked her very much. Now the old woman stays at home with her husband. The old man looks after his wife well and she is never worried about anything. Her students 2 forget their teacher when they win their prizes. She often 3 some presents on her birthday and at Christmas, and she is very 4 .Just like some old people, Mrs. Black finds that her 5 is failing. Sometimes she forgets 6 she did or will do. It often gets her in 7 . Her husband has noticed it and asked her to see a famous doctor who lives in the capital. He bought two tickets for London and told her to put 8 into her handbag while she was playing the piano. The next morning, when they reached the 9 just in time to catch the plane, Mr Black said, “I wish wed brought the tickets with us.”“Dont be a fool, dear!” said Mrs Black. “We are not going to hold a concert, but to see a 10 .”( )1. A. loved B. taught C. enjoyed D. studied( )2. A. cant B. have to C. must D. would( )3. A. buys B. prepares C. makes D. receives( )4. A. nervous B. worried C. sad D. happy( )5. A. sight B. hearing C. interest D. memory( )6. A. what B. how C. why D. where( )7. A. place B. danger C. trouble D. surprise( )8. A. it B. them C. this D. that( )9. A. airport. B. bus stop C. station D. harbour( )10. A. doctor B. film C. play D. house答案解析1. 选B。根据文中对她的学生功课很好的描述，可判断出她是一位教师，在学校教音乐。2. 选A。上文说学生们非常喜欢她，因此，学生们获奖时，就不可能忘记她。3. 选D。她的学生喜欢她，她过生日时常收到学生送给她的礼物。4. 选D。四个答案都是形容词，根据上下文意思判断，圣诞节时她会很快乐。5. 选D。根据下文她有时忘记做了什么和要做什么，说明她的记忆力在衰退。6. 选A。B、C、D都是疑问副词，不可作do的宾语，只有what是疑问代词，可做宾语。7. 选C。根据上文她有时忘记做事，只能是使她惹麻烦。8. 选B。根据上文买了两张票，此处票放在她的包中，应用复数代词them代替前文中的两张票。9. 选A。根据下文赶飞机，说明他们到的是飞机场。10. 选A。根据全文意思。此处应是看病。BWhat does a hobby mean?From Monday to Friday most people are busy working or studying, but in the evenings and weekends they are free and 1 themselves. Some watch television or go to the movies, others take part in sports. This is decided by their own 2 .There are many different ways to spend our 3 time.Almost everyone has some 4 : it may be something from collecting stamps to making model planes. Some hobbies are very 5 , but others dont cost anything at all. Some collections are worth 6 of money, others are valuable(有价值的) only to their owners.I know a man who has a coin which is worth several thousand dollars. A short time ago he bought a rare(罕见的) fifty-cent piece which 7 him $ 250! He was very happy about this collection and thought the price was all right. On the other hand, my youngest brother collects match boxes. He has almost 600 of them, but I wonder 8 they are worth any money. However, to my brother they are quite valuable. 9 makes him happier than to find a new match box for his collection.Thats what a hobby means, I think. It is something we like to do in our free time just for the 10 of it. The value in dollars is not important, but the pleasure it gives us is.( )1. A. love B. work C. enjoy D. play( )2. A. lives B. jobs C. interests D. things( )3. A. working B. free C. own D. whole( )4. A. hobbies B. things C. jobs D. ways( )5. A. interesting B. exciting C. cheap D. expensive( )6. A. a little B. a few C. a lot D. a number( )7. A. paid B. cost C. took D. spent( )8. A. that B. if C. what D. why( )9. A. Everything B. Anything C. Nothing D. Something( )10. A. money B. work C. fun D. time答案解析1.选C。由下文some watch television or go to the movies可知应是enjoy themselves(玩得开心，过得愉快)。2.选C。为了让自己玩得高兴，所以做哪项活取决于自己的兴趣。3.选B。因为看电视、看电影，参加体育活动只能在自己的空闲时间进行。4.选A。从下文可知这里说的是各种人的爱好。5.选D。对比下文的but others dont cost anything at all可知这里说的是“昂贵的”。6.选C。a little和a few修饰名词时后面不带of ; a number of 意为“许多”，后应接可数名词；a lot of 后既可接可数名词，又可接不可数名词，money是不可数名词。7.选B。pay, spend, cost, take四动词都有“花费”之意，而主语为物时，须用cost。8.选B。I wonder后应接if 或whether引导的宾语从句。9.选C。因为收集火柴盒是爱好，故“没有什么能比找到一个新火柴盒更令他高兴了。”。10.选C。从全文可知，我们的业余爱好仅仅是从中获得乐趣。CMr. Smith was a driver. He drove a 1 for a factory. He often went to the faraway towns and cities. The factory paid him much and he was too busy to look after his family. His wife was usually 2 after their youngest son Peter was born. So he had to take little Peter with him. The boy likes traveling and never feels 3 and asks his father a lot of questions.Now Peter is fifteen. He hates all his subjects except geography. He works hard at it and wants to be a 4 . So he listens to the teacher 5 in class and studies the map when he is free. Of course, he does well in it. Sometimes he 6 in his maths, history or some other subjects, but he doesnt mind it.Now Class Two were having history. Miss Jane was telling the class about James I(詹姆斯一世). Peter didnt listen to her. He was thinking of 7 he was going to spend next Saturday and Sunday. The 8 noticed it and asked, “What was the first thing that James I had done after his coming to the throne(王位), Peter?”The boy couldnt answer at all. He thought for a while and said, “He 9 down, Miss Jane.”All the children began to 10 and Peter hung his head with a red face.( )1. A. bus B. train C. car D. truck( )2. A. fat B. thin C. ill D. beautiful( )3. A. tired B. happy C. angry D. hungry( )4. A. worker B. teacher C. farmer D. traveler( )5. A. careful B. carefully C. careless D. care( )6. A. fails B. passes C. studies D. works( )7. A. where B. when C. what D. which( )8. A. student B. teacher C. monitor D. headmaster( )9. A. sit B. seated C. sat D. seat( )10. A. smile B. cry C. laugh at D. laugh答案解析1.选D。Mr Smith是个司机，他驾驶着卡车在全国行驶。2.选C。Mr Smith不得不把Peter带在身边，是因为他妻子常常生病。3.选A。这孩子喜欢旅行，所以他从不觉得累。4.选D。Peter喜欢地理，他努力学生地理，想当旅行家。5.选B。由于Peter喜欢地理，所以上地理课时，他听讲很认真。6.选B。Peter除了地理不喜欢别的课程。这些课程考不及格是自然的。7.选A。Peter在历史课上不注意听讲，而在考虑去何处度周末的事情。8.选B。Peter历史课上不用心听讲，被教师注意到了。9.选C。Peter不能回答历史老师的问题，胡诌了一句。从句法结构和语法结构来看，该处应填一个动词的过去式，故只有sat对。10.选D。Peter胡诌的答案自然引起大家发笑，而laugh at 之后要带宾语，故只能选laugh。完形填空实践演练Passage 1Going to a friends house is very exciting. You may spend time with a friend and get to see where he lives. So remember to be 1 .When to arriveThe 2 thing to remember is that when a friend invites you over, you need to arrive on time. If you friend tells you to come around 3:00, that means you can turn 3 a little bit after 3:00. But usually it is a good idea to arrive at the right time.What to bringOften it is also nice to bring something to your friends house. This could be a box of chocolates for you two to 4 , or maybe a movie that you can watch together. You can also bring some flowers. A little gift is a nice 5 to show your friend that you are excited to be at his house.How to greetWhen you visit your friends house, you may also meet his 6 . You should tell them who you are and they may tell you their 7 . As a child, I went to visit my friend Paul. I called his parents by their 8 names John Mary. But now I know it is more polite to call Mr. or Mrs. Smith. This will show them more respect and then they may tell you to call by first names. 9 way to show respect is to call them Madam or Sir.It is a cool thing to visit a friends house. Be polite to your friend and your friends parents, and you will be invited 10 .( )1. A. outgoing B. generous C. creative D. polite( )2. A. easy B. first C. last D. difficult( )3. A. off B. up C. on D. down( )4. A. see B. play C. share D. buy( )5. A. day B. way C. excuse D. time( )6. A. brother B. sister C. parents D. friends( )7. A. jobs B. ages C. money D. names( )8. A. last B. middle C. family D. first( )9. A. One B. another C. Either D. The first ( )10. A. forever B. again C. never D. tomorrowPassage 2Almost everyone in the world 1 oil in some way. 2 oil, the world will stop, so men look 3 it everywhere. Oilmen drill(钻操) for oil in deserts(沙漠), in mountains and 4 the sea. Quite often they find nothing, but the search for oil always 5 . Oil is very important because 6 of our machines can run without it. Big ships 7 oil everywhere. Perhaps the oil in your bicycle or in your fathers car has come 8 somewhere far away. Perhaps it has come from Irap(伊拉克) or Venezuela(委内瑞拉). Cars and bicycles 9 oils, and so 10 many other things. How many things can you name?( )1. A. use B. Uses C. Has D. have( )2. A. Without B. With C. In D. Of( )3. A. at B. after C. like D. for( )4. A. in B. under C. over D. on( )5. A. stops B. gives up C. goes on D. goes in( )6. A. none B. neither C. all D. everyone( )7. A. carry B. bring C. need D. have( )8. A. to B. back C. from D. out( )9. A. buy B. sell C. need D. open( )10. A. are B. were C. have D. doPassage 3When you are in England, you 1 be very careful in the streets 2 the traffic drives on the left.Before you cross the street, you must look to the right first and 3 the left.If the traffic lights are red, the traffic must 4 . Then the people on foot can 5 the road carefully.If the traffic lights are 6 , the traffic can go, people on foot 7 cross.In the morning and in the evening when people 8 or come from work, the streets are very busy. The traffic is the most dangerous then.When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, too. Always remember the traffic moves 9 . Have a look first, 10 you will go the wrong way. ( )1. A. can B. need C. must D. may( )2. A. when B. because C. before D. if( )3. A. then B. to C. again D. now( )4. A. go B. fly C. run D. stop( )5. A. cross B. across C. crossing D. walk( )6. A. red B. yellow C. green D. blue( )7. A. must B. may C. neednt D. mustnt( )8. A. go B. go to C. goes D. went to( )9. A. in the east B. in the west C. on the right D. on the left( )10. A. or B. and C. but D. thenPassage 4One day when Jamie came after school, his mother dad “worry” on her face. He knew she was thinking of 1 . “Its bad out there. Black clouds are coming from the sea,” Jamie said.“Yes, Im thinking of those fishing boats at sea,” she said.At that moment, 2 went out. Jamie and his mother were in the dark.“The coastline(海岸) will be in the dark,” Jamies mother said. She got more worried. “ 3 always come in threes. I broke my best glasses this morning, and my sister has the cold.”“Now, dont worry, Mum. Theyre 4 to come through this all right.”But Jamie really worried about those fishing boats himself. The fishing boats would 5 the cove(海湾) in the dark.Jamie took flares(火焰信号弹) and rushed into the wind. There was a cliff(峭壁) by the sea. He started to climb. He 6 himself up hand over hand. At last he reached the top. He 7 three times. On the fourth try he fired off(发射) one of the flares. It rose and cut into the black sky in bright light. Then he saw an answering flare up at sea. Jamie fired off two more. He saw another answering flare up, then another, then another. The answering flares from the fishing boats showed they 8 the entrance to the cove but hen changed course(路线) and were 9 sailing(航行) into the cove. They were almost home.Jamie helped 10 the fishermen of the village.( )1. A. the wind B. the clouds C. the rain D. the weather( )2. A. Jamie B. his mother C. the fire D. the lights( )3. A. Messages B. Accidents C. Troubles D. Questions( )4. A. sure B. lucky C. safe D. ready( )5. A. lose B. miss C. leave D. forget( )6. A. pushed B. pulled C. carried D. climbed( )7. A. made B. tried C. failed D. finished( )8. A. were at B. had found C. had passed by D. were going into( )9. A. now B. then C. once D. again( )10. A. answer B. save C. find out D. look forPassage 5 1 September 13, seven super “students” will graduate from a special school. They are dogs. This school teachers dogs to 2 people who cant see 3 walk. This school has had more than 1,600 dogs 4 1975. the baby dogs 5 to their volunteers homes and live with them 6 they are 15 months old. 7 they return to the school. Robin Burgen, a volunteer(自愿参加者), said that he loved his baby dogs 8 that he hated to send them back. These dogs learn 9 at the school. They even learn 10 to turn off a light and open a door.( )1. A. In B. At C. On D. From( )2. A. catch B. help C. bite D. change( )3. A. and B. or C. then D. after( )4. A. for B. since C. in D. during ( )5. A. are stolen B. are borrowed C. are brought D. are bought( )6. A. until B. when C. before D. if( )7. A. But B. So C. Then D. Because( )8. A. so much B. so far C. at first D. some time( )9. A. little B. a little C. a lot D. few( )10. A. what B. why C. which D. howPassage 6Miranda is a junior high school student. She loves her classmate, Michael, very much. Mirandas parents dont like that. So, she asked Jenny, her elder sister in England, 1 help. And Jenny wrote back:Dear Miranda,Love is one of the most beautiful things in life, but its 2 the only one. I can feel the strong love 3 you and Michael. I also understand 4 friends is very important to you, 5 remember that studying hard is important, too.Mom and Dad dont want you to make friends with 6 . Perhaps they are afraid that you cant 7 your study. Show them you know when to study and when to play. If they see that their little girl has 8 and doesnt need 9 , they will let you do 10 you like to do love, Jenny.( )1. A. for B. from C. on D. in( )2. A. also B. not C. almost D. always( )3. A. on B. from C. between D. by( )4. A. calling B. making C. visiting D. seeing( )5. A. so B. and C. but D. please( )6. A. boys B. girls C. classmates D. strangers( )7. A. show off B. get to C. find out D. concentrate on(全神贯注)( )8. A. shut up B. grown up C. fallen asleep D. put on weight( )9. A. to worry B. to worry about C. to be worried D. to be worried about( )10. A. that B. whether C. which D. whatPassage 7John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill. He called the doctor and made sure they 1 meet at five. He arrived at the doctors at twenty 2 five. He thought, “Its a little bit earlier. 3 there on time.” 4 he stopped his car in front of the doctors. he 5 and saw a noisy square not far from here. He went there and sat down on a chair to enjoy the last light of afternoon sun and 6 himself quiet. He saw some children playing and some women talking to each other happily.Suddenly he 7 a girl crying. He came up to her and asked some questions. Then he knew she got lost. John tried to find out her 8 and took her home. The girls parents were very thankful.Then, John hurried to the doctors. when the doctor saw him, he was very 9 and said, “Youre late. Why did you keep me waiting for twenty minutes?” John said 10 except one word “Sorry!”( )1. A. should B. shall C. would D. will( )2. A. past B. to C. of D. after( )3. A. to arrive at B. to get C. to leave D. to ride( )4. A. Every time B. From now on C. Before D. Then( )5. A. looked for B. looked after C. looked at D. looked around( )6. A. made B. let C. had D. felt( )7. A. received B. heard from C. heard D. listened to( )8. A. name B. school C. age D. address( )9. A. polite B. angry C. happy D. kind( )10. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothingPassage 8Fathers day has a very short history. It was started 1 there was a Mothers day, and just because some Americans thought that if we had a Mothers Day, we should 2 have a Fathers Day. Fathers Day has be