常用英语基础知识

.一、一个星期七天sunday mondaytuesdaywednesday thursdayfriday saturday二、一年十二个月januaryfebruarymarchaprilmayjunejulyaugustseptemberoctobernovemberdecember三、一年四季1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter四、容易拼写错的数字1. eighth 第 八 2. ninth 第九3. forty 四十4. twelfth 第十二5. twentieth 第二十四、亲属称呼1. daughter ( 女儿 ) 2. niece ( 女性晚辈 ) 3. nephew ( 男性晚辈 ) 4. cousin ( 同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈 ) 6. uncle ( 男性长辈 )五、以下动词加-ed 或-ing 要双写最后一个字母1. regret (regretted, regretting)后悔2. control (controlled, controlling)控制3. admit (admitted, admitting)承认4. occur (occurred, occurring)出现5. prefer (preferred, preferring)宁愿6. refer (referred, referring)提到7. forget (forgetting )忘记8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许9. equip (equipped, equipping)装备注意： quarrel, signal, travel 中的 l 可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语） 六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播2. flee (fled, fled)逃跑3. forbid (forbade, forbidden)禁止4. forgive (forgave, forgiven)原谅5. freeze (froze, frozen)结冰6. hang (作“绞死 ”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂 ”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)7. lie lied lied说谎 ;lie lay-lain 躺下lay-laid- laid放置8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken)下沉12. spread (spread, spread) 传播13. swim (swam, swum)游泳14. tear (tore, torn)撕碎16.wear( wore; worn)穿/戴17.hold (held, held )18.make (made, made)19. keep (kept, kept)七、意思相近的词1. check （核对） / examine( 检查 )/ test（测试）2. receive（收到）/ accept（接受）3. destroy （毁坏；毁灭）/ damage（破坏）4. celebrate(庆祝 )/ congratulate （祝贺）5. wear sth / dress sb 穿 衣八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1. long length 长度2. wide width宽度3. high height 高度4. strong strength 力量九、以 -ic 结尾的动词，应先把-ic 变为 -ick ，再加 ing 或 ed1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking)野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写1. german (germans) 德 国人2. gulf (gulfs)海湾3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs)手帕 roof,.(roofs)房顶4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆 )，tomato ( 西红柿 ) 等有生命的以 -o 结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化1. succeed success成功2. pronounce pronunciation发音3. explain explanation 解释4. decide decision 决定5. enter entrance 进入6. permit permission允许7. considerconsideration考虑8. expect expectation 期待9. discover discovery发现10. bury burial埋葬11. conclude conclusion得出结论12. arrive arrival到达13. weigh weight重量14. describe description描述15. lose loss 损失16. anxious-anxiety焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1. beautiful 美丽的 beautifully2. possible 可能的 possibly3. practical 实际的 practically4. particular 特别的 particularly5. successful 成功的 successfully十三、其它必背单词1. abroad 国外2. absence n. 缺席(absent adj.)3. accept 接受 )4. accident 事 故 (accidental adj.偶然的， accidentally adv.偶然地 )5. achievement 成就 (achieve v. 获得 )6. address 地址7. admire 钦佩8. admit 承认（admitted)9. agreement协议10. agriculture 农业(agricultural adj.农业的 ) industry工业（ industrial 工业的）11. altogether 总共12. ancient古代的13. announce 宣告、通知announcement ( n. 口头通知 )14. anxiety忧虑(anxious adj. 焦急的， anxiously adv.焦急地 )15. apologize v. 道歉(apology n.道歉 )16. appear 出现（ appearance 外貌n.） disappear 消失 /不见17. appreciate 感激 /欣赏 (感激人用thank sb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)18. asian( 亚洲的 )19. assistant 助手20. astonish 吃惊(astonishment n. 吃惊， astonishing 令吃惊的， astonished 吃惊的 )21. astronaut 宇航员22. atmosphere 气氛23. attempt 尝试(n / v)attempt to do sth24. attentively专心地25. attention专心pay attention to doing sth26. attitude 态度27. attract 吸引(attraction 吸引力 )28. average 平均/ 平均的on average 平均30. balance 平衡keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡31. beauty 美 (beautiful, beautifully ) beautify美化32. believe 相 信 (belief n.信念，其复数是beliefs)33. beyond 超过34. biology 生物35. birthday 生日36. bravery 勇敢brave 勇敢的bravely 勇敢地37. broad 宽阔的38. broadcast 广播 (broadcast ; broadcast;)39. care 关心careful 小心的carefully 小心地40. ceiling 天花板41. cinema 电影院42. celebrate 庆祝43. celebration庆祝 n.44. century 世纪45. challenge 挑战46. character 性格47. charge 收费be charge of / take charge of管理48. comfort v. & n.安慰comfortable舒适的 fortably adv. 舒适地50. comment评论51. communicate（ vt）communication (n)交流52. competition竞赛(compete v. 竞赛 competitor竞赛者 )53. composition作文54. concert 音乐会55. conclude v. conclusion n.结论56. condition 情况(conditions 条件 )57. concern 关心(vt)58. congratulations祝贺(congratulate v.)59. constant 不断的constantly 不断地60. construction( 建设 )61. continue 继续62. contribution贡献(contribute v.) make contributions to对做出贡献63. convenient (adj.)方便的conveniently 方便地64. conversation 谈话65. coughing 咳嗽66. cousin 表兄弟67. cruel 的 (adj. cruelly残酷地 adv.)68. curious 好奇的(curiosity n.好奇 )69. culture （ cultural 文化的 adj.）70. customer 顾客72. custom 习俗73. destroy 毁灭(其过去式是destroyed)74. declare宣称75. delicious美味76. damage 损坏77. determined 有决心的be determined to do sth 决心做某事78. develop 发展(development n. developing发展中的， developed 发达的 )79. dialogue对话80. diary日记(dairy奶制品 )81. difference不同点(复数 differences) different不同的differently不同地differfrombe different frommake differences82. disappointed 失望的(disappointing让人失望的 ) 83. disappointment失望84. discovery发现(复数 discoveries，动词 discover，发现者discoverer)85. disturb 打扰86. dollar 美元(其复数是dollars)87. downstairs 楼下upstairs 楼上88. dream 梦想(其过去式是dreamed 或 dreamt)89. electricity 电 (electrical 电的， electric电的 )90. employ雇用(employment n.employer雇主，employee 雇员)91. empty 倒空(可用动词，其过去式是emptied)92. encourage 鼓励(encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.) encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事93. energy 能量94. envelope 信封95. envy n.妒忌96. equal( 平等的 )equality 平等97. equipment 设备98. especially尤其是99. essential(重要的 )100. european 欧洲人101. event 事件107. expert 专家102. excellent 极好(excellence n. excellently adv.)104. exhibition展览105. expense 耗费expensive 昂贵的106. experience 经验 /经历(experienced 有经验的 )an unusual experience 一次不同寻常的经历have much experience 经验丰富108. express (vt)表 达 expression (n)138. impress印象impression (n.)109. fail v. 失败failure n. 失败fail to do sth没做成某事110. familiar( 熟悉的 )be familiar to /with112. favorite最喜爱的flexible灵活的113. figure 人物 /数字114. finger 手指115. flight 飞行116. forehead 前额117. foreign( 外国的 )118. fortunate 幸运的fortunately 幸运地unfortunately 不幸运地119. forward 向前120. freezing极冷的(frozen 冷冻的 )121. frequently经常地122. furniture家具123.far远的 further 进一步的124. generally 大概generally speaking一般来说125. geography 地理126. germany 德国127. government 政府128. gradual 逐渐的gradually 逐渐地129. graduation 毕业(graduate from 毕业于)130. grammar 语法131. habit 习惯form a habit of养成习惯132. handkerchief手绢 )133. honest 诚实的 honesty 诚实134. honor/honour荣誉135. imagination想象力(imagine v.)136. immediate ( 立即的 )immediately 马上 (adv)139. incident 小事件140. including 包括(include v.)141 independent 独立的142. industry 工业(industrial adj.工业的 )143. information信息144. instrument 仪器145. institute 学院146. inspire 激励(inspiration n. inspiring鼓舞人心的 , inspired 受鼓舞的 )147. interest 兴趣interesting 有兴趣的be interested in 对感兴趣148. interrupt打断150. introduce 介绍(introduction n.)151. regular 规则的irregular不规则的152. journey 旅程153. judge 判断(judgment)judging from根据来判断154. kindergarten 幼儿园155. knowledge知识156. labor/labour 劳动157. late 迟的late1y 最近158. laugh 笑laughter 笑声159. law 法律lawyer 律师legal 合法的illegal 非法的160. library图书馆librarian 图书馆理员161. lose 掉失 ,（ lost ， lost ）loss 损失n.162. luck幸运lucky 幸运的luckily 幸运地163. magazine 杂志164. majority ( 大多数 )166. manage 设法(manager 经理, management 管理 ) manage to do 设法做到 .167. market( 市场 ) supermarket 超市168. marriage 结婚(marry v.结婚， married 已婚的 ) get married to与某人结婚169. material(s) 材料 )171. mayor 市长172. mean (意味、打算 ) meaning意义meaningful有意义的173. measure 测量take measures 采取措施174. medal 奖章(比较： model模型metal 金属)175. memory 记忆力(memorize v. 记住， remember 记得 )176. message 口信178. modern 现代的179. modest 谦虚的180. monitor班长181. moustache 胡子182. murder 谋杀(murderer凶手)183. music音乐musical 音乐的musician音乐家184. mysterious神秘的(mystery神秘 )185. nationality 国籍(nation 国家， national 国家的 )186. nature 自然natural 自然的 )187. naughty淘气的188.) normal正常的190. necessary 必要it is necessary for sb to do sth某人有必要做某事191. obey (遵守 ) break违反192. obvious明显的obviously明显地193. offer 主动提供 ) offer to do sth 主动做某事194. operate 动手术operation 手术195. opportunity机会（ =chance）196. ordinary普通的197. organize/organise(组织 ) organization 组织198. particularly特别是199. passenger 旅客200. problem 难题question 问题201. patience 耐心 patient 耐心的；病人(patiently 耐心地 )203. perfect 完美（的）(perfectly) practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧204. perform ( 表演 ) 205. perhaps 或许206. period 时期207. permit许可vtpermission 许可n208. persuaded(说服 )209. phenomenon 现象phenomena 现象（复数）210. physicist物理学家211. pilot ( 飞行员 )212. poisonous 有毒的(poison) 213. political政治的(politics)214. popular 受欢迎的215. population 人口216. position职位217. possibility(-ies) 可能性(possible 可能的 ) 218. poverty贫穷 n (poor 贫穷的) 220. practice实践practical ( 可实施的，实际的)221. prepare（准备 ) preparation 222. press 压/按 pressure(压力 )223. pretend 假装pretend to do sth 假装做某事224. professor 教授225. profit利润226. progress 进步make good progress 进步很大227. pronounce 发音pronunciation (n. 发音 )228. provide提供(比较：supply/ provide sb with sth offer sb sth提供某人某物,229. public公众230. purpose 目的on purpose 故意地231. quality 质量/ 素质232. quantity （数量233. realize ( 实现 vt) reality n. 现实234. receive 收到235. recently( 最近 = lately)236. recycle(循环再用 )237. recognize 认出238. regards 问候give my regards to sb 请带我向某人问候239. remind 提醒remind sb of sth提醒某人某物240. repeatvt.重复 (repetition n. 重复 )241. respect 尊敬242. restaurant 餐馆244. satisfaction 满意(satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)246. saturday(星期六 )247. scientific科学的248. scientific 科学的249. secretary 秘书250. secretly ( 秘密地 ) 251. separately 单独地252. separate (单独的 adj、分开 vt)253. serious 严重的(seriously)254. serve (v) service (n) 服务255. shortcoming 缺点256. silence 安静(silent 安静的 -silently 安静地 )257. succeed (vi) 成 功 success (n) 成功successful (adj) 成功的successfully (adv) succeed in doing sth成功做某事（ =be successful to do sth）258. similar类似的(similarityies 相似之处 )259. situation 形势 /情况2