高考名词性从句详解

.高考名词性从句目录一、引导名词性从句的连接词二.主语从句三、宾语从句四、表语从句五.同位语从句六、名词性 that- 从句七、名词性 wh-从句八、否定转移九、高考热点透视十、专项考点练习;.在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(noun clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任 主语、宾语、表语、同位语 等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词名词性从句引导词的分类引导词的类别常见引导词补充说明that；if、whether连词as if ,as thoug（h 均表好像、似乎）that 无意义，不充当句子成分， 只起连接作用，引导宾语从句可省略if，whether 表是否，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，位于句首时只用 whether连接代词连接副词二. 主语从句what which who whom whose when where how whywhatever whichever whoever whomever whoseverwhenever wherever howeverwhat 不引导定语从句，引导的名词性从句其意义相当于“名词 +定语从句”。连接代词有词义，在句中担任主语，表语，定语或宾语有词义，在句中担任状语。when ,什么时候 where, 什么地方 why, 为什么 how ,怎么样what he wants to tell us is not clear. who will win the match is still unknown.where the english evening will be held has not yet been announced.注意：有时为避免句子头重脚轻， 常用形式主语it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1） it + be + 名词 + that 从句（2）it + be + 形容词+ that 从句（3）it + be + 动词的过去分词+ that 从句（4）it + 不及物动词+ that从句当堂练习：（1） it is immediately clear the financial crisis will soon be over.（2） ） was most important to her, she told me, was her family.（3） ）watch was lost is unknown.（4） ）he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.三、宾语从句we must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. he has told me that he will go to shanghai tomorrow.（由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时， that 在句中不担任任何成分， 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that 不可省。）i want to know what he has told you.注意：当 think, believe, imagine, suppose 等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：we dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。 i dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。当堂练习：（1） ） the companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means oftransport in the 21st century.（2） ） she always thinks ofshe can work well.（3） ） she will giveneeds help a warm support.四、表语从句the fact is that we have lost the game. thats just what i want.the reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .当堂练习：（1）the last time we had great fun was we were visiting the water park.（2）he has becomehe wanted to be ten years ago.（3）you are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is i disagree.五.同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的 名词有 advice、demand、doubt 、fact、hope、idea、information 、message、news、order、problem 、promise 、question、request、suggestion、truth 、wish、word 等。the news that we won the game is exciting.i have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。the thought came to him that mary had probably fallen ill.当堂练习：we should consider the studentsrequest the school library provide more books on popular science.六、名词性 that- 从句1）由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性that- 从句。that 只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that- 从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：主语： that he is still alive is sheer纯( 粹的) luck.他还活着全靠运气。宾语： john said that he was leaving for london on wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语： the fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语： the fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语： i am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2） that-从句作主语通常用it 作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：it is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用 it 作形式主语的 that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. it + be +形容词 + that-从句it is necessary that有必要 it is important that重要的是it is obvious that很明显b. it + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句it is believed that人们相信it is known to all that从所周知it has been decided that已决定c. it + be +名词+ that-从句it is common knowledge that是常识it is a surprise that令人惊奇的是it is a fact that事实是d. it +不及物动词 + that-分句it appears that似乎it happens that碰巧it occurred to me that我突然想起七、名词性 wh-从句1） 由 wh- 词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括 who, whom,. whose, whoever, what,whatever, which, whichever 等连接代词和 where, when, how, why 等连接副词。 wh-从句的语法功能除了和 that- 从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：主语： how the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。 直接宾语： in ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语： the club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。表语： my question is who will take over president of the foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。宾语补足语：she will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位语：i have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。形容词宾语： im not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾语：that depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。 2） wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it 做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如： it is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。it remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。八、否定转移（阅读了解）1) 将 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。i dont think i know you.我想我并不认识你。i don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。i hope you werent ill.我想你没有生病吧。2) 将 seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。it doesnt seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。it doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。i dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not 否定动名词短语having)its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。the ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语 )蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。he was not ready to believe something just because aristotle said so. (否定 because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。she had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定状语 many weeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。九、高考热点透视1. 名词性从句的 引导词热点2.名词性从句的 语序清3.宾语从句中的 时态单4.it 作形式主语或形式宾语1. 名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序均为陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后的顺序 1）当引导词在名词性从句中作主语或主语的定语时，用“引导词+名词+谓语动词”的语序，如： i dont know what has happened to him.i wonder whose handwriting is better.2）当引导词在名词性从句作其他成分时，用“引导词+主语+谓语动词”的语序。you should know why the answer is right.2. 宾语从句的时态宾语从句中谓语动词的时态常受到主句谓语动词的影响，因而在使用时要注意将主句、 从句两部分的时态保持一致。1） 当主句的时态为现在时态范畴时，从句时态不受限制 ，但不宜使用过去完成时和过去完成进行时。例如：he was a good student.i think he is a good student.2） 当主句的时态为过去时态范畴时，从句时态必须在过去时态范畴之内，但从句表示客观事实和真理时，谓语动词需用一般现在时。例如：he had been a good student.i thought he was a good student.十、专项考点练习一填上适当的关系代词或关系副词1. caused the accident was a man lying on the ground. 2. will go makes no difference.3. wallet was stolen must be made clear. 4. he left his wife cut her to the heart .5. we go there remain to be decided.6. you uncle will arrive was not mentioned in his letter.7. you went there alone must be explained.8. ill take back i said.9. im satisfied he did.10. tell us you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of time. 11.thats i praise you.12. the problem should be our monitor is not decided.13. they have no information he was alive. 14.this is another proof he killed a man.15.the professor gave orders the test be finished before 6colock.二语法填空(一)i read a report last night. it says 1 a lot of people died in 2 traffic accident. but i forget 3 the accident happened last sunday. 4 astonished me most is 5 some babies lost 6 lives. however, i dont know 7 the government has taken some measures to deal with 8 . in my opinion, 9 accident has taught us a lesson 10 we should obey the traffic rules.(二)body language is used every single day by people of different nationalities all over the world. it is a language _1 words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body _2 (move) that greatly add to - and sometimes even replace- _3 (speak) language.body language _4 (use)tocommunicate bothattitudes and feelings as it is not alwaysexplicit. somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss.people often use body language 5 purpose. someone who does not know the answer to a questionwillmovetheirshoulders upwardsaway fromtheirupperbodyandthenletthemfall, 6 (mean), “i dont know”. 7 , body language can be unconscious as well. a person_8 is feeling uncomfortable or nervous will often hold their body in a very rigid manner and have atightlook about theirmouths. they mightalso cross theirarms and move in 9 abrupt wayresembling a robot more than a human. they might not even realise how they are acting but their bodylanguage will tell anyone who cares to look closely enough 10 they are feeling. body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies.（三）in the united states, there were 222 people 1 (report) to be billionaires( 亿万富翁 ) in 2003.the 2 （ rich） of these is bil