英美概况试题范围(附答案)

名词解释：1 .the great depression 2 industrial revolution3 melting pot4. black death5. american constitution1. onoctober24 ， 1929 ， theamericanstockmarketcrashed.billionsofdollarsof paper profitswerewipedoutwithinafewhours.thisledtoa longeconomicdepression.2. theindustrialrevolutionreferstothemechanizationofindustryandtheconsequen cesinsocialandeconomicorganizationin britaininthelate18thandearly19thcenturies.britainwasthefirstcountrytoindustrialize.theindustrialrevolutionin britainfirstbeg aninthetextileindustry.3. sincetheunitedstatesisa nationof manyethnicgroups ， itis alsoknownasa“melting pot ， ”meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the american nation.4. black death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague ， an epide mic disease spread by rat fleas. it spread through europe in the 14th century. it swept thr ough england in the summer of 1348 without warning. it killed many people. as a result of the plague ， much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.5. the constitution of the united states is the basic instrument of american governme nt and the supreme law of the land. it is the oldest written constitution in the world. it wa精品资料s drawnupin 1787andwentintoeffectin 1789.it foundedfederalismandintroducedch ecksandbalancesintogovernmentforthefirsttimeinhistory.。1929 年10 月24 日,美国股市崩盘。数十亿美元的账面利润是在几个小时内消失。这导致了长期的经济萧条。2。工业革命指的是机械化工业和社会和经济组织的后果在18 世纪末和 19 世纪初的英国。英国是第一个工业化的国家。工业革命在英国首先开始于纺织工业。3。因为美国是一个多民族的国家,它也被称为 “大熔炉 ”,意味着移民来自世界各地不同国家混合组成美国国家。4。黑死病是现代的名字给了致命的黑死病, 病由鼠蚤传播流行。 在14 世纪传遍欧洲。 它席卷英格兰在 1348 年的夏天没有警告。它造成许多人死亡。由于瘟疫,大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。5。美国的宪法是美国政府的基本仪器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文宪法。1787 年制定 ,并于 1789 年生效。它建立联邦制和引进制衡政府历史上第一次。theblackdeathit wasthedeadlybubonicplaguewhospreadthrougheuropeinthe14thcentury.itsweptthrough englandwithoutwarningandanycure,andsparingnovictims.it killedbetweenhalfandone-t hirdof thepopulationofengland.thus,muchlandwasleftuntendedandlabourwasshort.it ca usedfar-reachingeconomic consequences.这是致命的黑死病在14 世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰没有警告,任何治疗 ,和毫不吝惜的受害者。它杀死了一半到三分之一的人口。因此 , 大片土地无人照管和劳动力短缺。它造成了深远的经济后果。bloodymaryhenryviii s daughteranda devoutcatholic.whenshebecamequeen,shepersecutedandburnt manyprotestants.soshewasgiventhenickname“bloodymary ”. maryis alsorememberedas themonarchwholostthefrenchportofcalais.亨利八世的女儿和一位虔诚的天主教徒。当她成为皇后,迫害和烧毁许多新教徒。所以她被“血腥玛丽 ”的绰号。玛丽也记得君主失去法国加来港。.thegreatlakesthegreatlakesarethemostimportantlakesin theunitedstates.theyarelakesuperior,whi chisthelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld,lakemichigantheonlyoneentirelyin the u.s. lakehuron,lakeerieandlakeontario.theyarealllocatedbetweencanadaandtheunitedstatesexceptlakemichigan.五大湖在美国最重要的湖泊。苏必略湖 ,是世界上最大的淡水湖,密歇根湖 , 唯一一个完全在美国, 休伦湖 ,伊利湖和安大略湖。他们都位于加拿大和美国之间除了密西根湖。whatismeantbytheterm“welfarestate ” in britain? the welfare state is a system of government by which the state provides the economic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensions and other facilit ies. the system is funded out of national insurance contributions and taxation. in britain the termappliesmainlyto nationalhealthservice(nhs),nationalinsuranceandsocialsecurity.“福利国家 ” 政府的福利国家是一个系统的国家提供经济和社会保障的公民通过其组织卫生服务、养老金和其他设施。该系统是由全国保险税和赋税。术语主要适用于在英国国民健康服务(nhs), 国民保险和社会保障。whataresomeofthecharacteristicsof americaneducation? (1)formaleducationintheunitedstatesconsistsofelementary,secondaryandhighereduc ation.(2) publiceducationsisfreeandcompulsory.美国教育的特点是什么?(3) diversityisconsideredto beanoutstandingcharacteristicof americaneducation. (4)educationisa functionof thestates,notthefederalgovernment. (1) 在美国正规的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。(2) 公共教育是免费和义务的。(3) 多样性被认为是美国教育的一个突出特点。(4) 教育是美国的函数, 而不是联邦政府。whatroledoesthecommunitycollegeplay?whatfunctionsdoesit perform?whatis it importantin americanhighereducation? whatistheguidingprincipleofsucha college?thecommunitycollegeasaninstitutionisoneofthemostimportantinnovationsinthehistory of american higher education more accessible and in meeting the needs of educated adults, employees of local business, professional requiring certification as well as community organization s.it performs five main functions. first, it prepares students for transferring to a ba program at a fo ur-year institution. second, it provides vocational training for people who are already working or expectto beworkinginthefuture.third,it givesremedialinstructionto higherschoolstudentswh o areunderpreparedforcollegeacademicallyandadultswhodidnotlearnbasicskillsin element aryor secondaryschool.fourth,itoffersrecreational, cultural activities for adults who are not see king regular vocational or academic skill. fifth, it absorbs students in a four-year program who ar e not qualified into a lower-status vocational program.社区学院发挥什么作用?the guiding principle of community college is higher education for everyone and the philosophy th at equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual dif ferences.它执行什么功能 ?美国高等教育是什么重要的消息吗?一个大学的指导原则是什么? 社区学院作为一个机构是历史上最重要的创新之一,美国的高等教育更容易满足患者的需求,受过教育的成年人,本地业务的员工 , 专业要求认证以及社区组织。它执行五个主要功能。 首先,它准备学生转移到英航计划四年的机构。其次,它为那些已经工作或提供职业培训期望在未来工作。 第三,它给补救教学高等学校学生准备不充分的大学学业和成年人没有在小学或中学学习基本技能。第四,它提供了休闲、 文化活动对于成年人不寻求定期职业或学术技能。第五,它可以吸收学生四年计划不合格看低职业计划。社区学院的指导原则对每个人来说都是高等教育和哲学必须为自我实现意味着平等机会平等,承认个体差异。i. multiplechoices:chooseonerightanswerfromthefourchoices:1. thehighestmountainin britainis .a. scafellb. bennevis（本尼维斯）c.thecotswoldsd. theforth2. thelongestriverin britainis .a. theclydeb. themerseyc.thesevern （塞汶河）d.thethames3. thelargestlakeinbritainis .a. theloughneage内伊湖b. windermerewaterc.conistonwaterd.thelakedistrict4. whichpartofbritainis alwaysfighting?a. englandb.scotlandc.walesd.northemireland5. theimmigrantscomingto britainaremainlyfrom .a. europeb. theunitedstatesc.africad. thewestindies,indiesandpakistan6. thefirstinhabitantsin britainwere .a. thenormansb. theceltsc.theiberians伊比利来d. theanglo-saxons7. britishrecordedhistorybeganwith .a. romaninvasionb. thenormanconquestc.thevikinganddanishinvasiond.theanglo-saxonsinvasion8. in 829, actuallybecametheoverlordof alltheenglish.a. johnb.jamesic. egbert埃格伯特中世纪英格兰西撒克逊国王，英格兰首任国王(829 839)d. henry i9. christmasday , dukewilliamwascrownedinwestminsterabbey.a. 1056b. 1066c.1006d.106010. henryii wasthefirstkingofthe dynasty.a. windsorb.tudorc.malcolmd. plantagenet11. in 1265 summonedthegreatcouncil,whichhasbeenseenastheearliestparliament.a. henryiiib. thepopec.baronsd.simondemontfort12. thehundredyears warstatedin andwaendedin , inwhichtheenglishhadlost alltheterritoriesoffranceexceptthefrenchportof .a. 1337,1453,flandersb.1337,1453,calaisc.1346,1453,argencourtd. 1346,1453,brest13. thewarsofroseslastedfor yearsandking wasreplacedbyking .a. 30,richardiii,henrytudorb.50,richardiii, henrytudorc.30,richardi, henrytudord.50,richardi, henrytudor14. therenaissancebeganin intheearly century.a. england,14b. england,15c.italy,14d.italy,1515. theenglishcivilwaris alsocalled .a. thegloriousrevolutionb. thebloodyrevolutionc.thecatholicrevolutiond.thepuritanrevolution16. in ,a smallgroupof puritanssailedfrom inthemayflowertobethefirstsettlersin thenewland.a. 1620,londonb.1620,plymouthc.1720,londond.1720,plymouth17. in the18thcentury,thereappeared inengland,whichoweda greatdealto theinventio n of machines.a. theindustrialrevolutionb.thebourgeoisrevolutionc.thewarsof therosesd.thereligiousreformation18. englishcolonialexpansionbeganwiththecolonizationof in1583.a. canadab. australiac.indiad.newfoundland19. wasfamousforhisabdicationbecauseof hismarriagewitha divorcedamerican:a. edwardviiib.edwardviic.georgevid.georgevii20. in january britainbecamea memberof theeuropeaneconomiccommunity.a. 1957b. 1967c.1973d.197921. soonafter , britainnotonlygaveupits econmichegemonybutalsosuffereda deeplo ss ofitspositionof industrialleadership.a. 1900b. thefirstworldwarc.thesecondworldward.196022. in the1970samongthedevelopedcountries,britainmaintainedthelowest rateandth e highest rate.a. inflation,growthb. growth,inflationc.growth,divorced.growth,birth23. thefollowingareall reasonsof britishdeclineofcoalindustryexcept .a. theexhaustionof oldminesb.costlyextractionc.littlemoneybeinginvestedd.thelabourshortage24. britain s foreigntradeis mainlywith .a. developingcountriesb.othercommonwealthcountriesc.otherdevelopedcountriesd.ec25. thehouseoflordsis presidedoverby .a. thelordchancellorb.thequeenc.thearchbishopof canterburyd.theprimeminister26. a generalelectionisheldevery yearsandthereare membersof parliamentsare elected.a. five,600b. five,650c.five,651d.four,65127. theprimeministerisappointedby andheor shealwayssitsin .a. thearchbishopof canterbury,thehouseof commonsb. thearchbishopofcanterbury,thehouseoflordsc. thequeen,thehouseof commonsd. thequeen,thehouseof lords28. theultimateauthorityfor law-makingresidesin .a. thequeenb.thecabinetc.thehouseoflordsd.thehouseofcommons29. thesourcesof britishlawinclude .a. statutes,commonlaw,equitylawandeuropeancommunitylawb. statutes,commonlawandequitylawc. statutes,commonlawandeuropeancommunitylawd. a completecodeandstatutes30. in criminaltrialsbyjury, passessentencedand decidetheissueof guiltor innocence.a.thejudge,thejuryb.thejudge,thejudgec.thejury,thejuryd.thelordchancellor,thejury31. triesthemostseriousoffencessuchas murderandrobbery.a. magistratescourtsb.youthcourtsc.districtcourtsd.thecrowncourt32. london s metropolitanpoliceforceis underthecontrolof .a. theenglandsecretariesb. thescottishsecretariesc.northernirelandsecretariesd.thehomesecretary33. thenationalhealthservicewasestablishedintheukin andbasedat firston .a. 1948,actsof parliamentb. 1958,actsof parliamentc.1948,thebillofrightsd.1958,thebillof rights34. thenon-contributorysocialsecuritybenefitsincludethefollowingexcept .a. warpensionb. childbenefitc.familycreditd. unemploymentbenefit35. exceptthat maynotbea romancatholic,publicofficesareopenwithoutdistinctiontomembersofall churchsorof none.a. thelordchancellorb. theprimeministerc.thespeakerd.theministersofall departments36. about90percentof thestatesecondaryschoolpopulationintheukattend .a. independentschoolsb. juniorschoolsc.independentschoolsd. primaryschools37. therearesome universities,includingtheopenuniversity.a. 900b. 290c.90d.5038. in britain,childrenfromtheageof5 to16 can bylaw.a. receivecompletelyfreeeducationb. receiveparlyfreeeducationc. receivenofreeeducationif theirfamiliesarerichd. receivenofreeeducationatall39. withregardtoits size,theusais the countryintheworld.a. largestb. secondlargestc.thirdlargestd.fourthlargest40. in thefollowingrivers, hasbeencalledtheamericanruhr.a. themississippib.themissouric.thehudsond.theohio41. amongthefollowingrivers, formsa naturalboundarybetweenmexicoandtheu.s.a. thepotomacb.thecolumbiac.theriogranderiverd.thecolorado42. allthefollowinguniversitiesandcollegesarelocatedin newengland,except .a. yaleb. harvardc.oxfordd.massachusettsinstituteoftechnology43. thenation s capitalcitywashingtond.c.andnewyorkarelocatedin .a. theamericanwestb. thegreatplainsc.themidwestd.themiddleatlanticstates44. themidwestin america s mostimportant area.a. agriculturalb. industrialc.manufacturingd.miningin dustry45. in thecaseofbrownversusboardofeducation,thesupremecourtruledthat .a. separateeducationalfacilitieshadbeenillegalb. educationalfacilitieshadbeenseparatebutequalc. educationalfacilitieshadbeenequald. separateeducationalfacilitieswereinherentlyunequal46. thechineseexclusionactwaspassedin .a. 1882b.1883c.1900d.192447. thefirstimmigrantsin americanhistorycamefrom and .a. ireland/franceb.england/chinac.scotland/englandd.england/netherland48. uncletom s cabinandrootsaretwonovelswhichgivea vividdescriptionofthemiserable lifeof the .a. earlysettlersb.puritansc.nativeindiansd.blackslaves49. accordingtoamericanhistoriansandspecialistsin demography,therearegreatpopulation movementinthehistoryoftheunitedstates.a. twob. threec.fourd.five50. manyearlychineseimmigrantsworkedintheminingindustry,especiallyinthe.a. goldminesb.silverminesc.coalminesd.coppermines51. thedeclarationofindependencewasdraftedby .a. jamesmadisonb. thomesjeffersonc.alexanderhamiltond.georgewashington52. onjuly4,1776, adoptedthedeclarationof independerce.a. thefirstcontinentalcongressb. thesecondcontinentalcongressc. thethirdcontinentalcongressd. theconstitutionalconvention53. thevictoryof wastheturningpointof thew