新版新目标英语八年级下册unit8知识点总结

unit 8 have you read treasure island yet?section a1. 现在完成时(1)基本句型：肯定式: 主语 + 助动词 have/has + 动词的过去分词 .疑问式: 助动词 have/has + 主语 +动词的过去分词 ?否定式: 主语 + 助动词 have/has + not + 动词的过去分词(2)主要用法a. 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和副词 already, yet, never, ever ,before ,jus等t i havefinished my homework. i am free(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)b. 表示过去已经开始 , 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与 since + 过去的时间点， for +一段时间， so far 等时间状语连用。连用。.i have learnt english for more than ten years我. 已经学了 10 多年的英语。 (10 年前开始 ,持续到现在还在学 )she has swum since half an hour ago我. 已经游泳了半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游 ) already/ yet的区别：(3)already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气； yet 用于否定句和疑问句。he has already left here.他已经离开这里了。my teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。have you written to your parents yet?2. what sit like?它怎么样？(1) 某物怎么样？what s物+like?how+be +物？(2) 某人怎么样？ what s 人+ +like?用来提问人的性格(3) what do / does +人 + look like? 用来提问人的外表。3. full of充满be full of = be filled with充满4. grow up 长大；成长i grew up in beijing.grow into长大成为mary grew into a beautiful girl.5. hurry up 赶快；急忙（做某事）(用在口语中，用来催促别人快走） in a hurry 匆忙地hurry to do sth 匆忙去做hurry off匆忙离开6. dueadj. 预期；预定, 通常只用作表语be due to do sth 预期做某事you are due to hand in your composition on friday afternoon.7. in two weeks 两周之后， in 在 以后in+一段时间用在一般将来时的句子中，在（时间）后he will be back in a week. 一周之后，他将回来。【注意】 after 常用在一般过去式的句子中。he got to beijing after two hours. 他是两个下时候到北京的。8.nothing 没有什么；没有东西(1)不定代词，什么也没有，没有东there is nothing in the fridge.=notanything.she has nothing to do .(2)当有修饰词来修饰nothing 等不定代词时，要放在不定代词后面。修饰词可以是形容词、动词不定式等。i want something to drink.i have nothing special to tell you. (3)在英语中，不定代词有：somethinganythingeverythingeveryoneeverybodysomeoneanyonesomebodyanybodyno onenothingnobodywould you like (吃的东西 )？9. bring 带来fetch/ bring/ take(1) fetchv 去拿来=get去（某地）拿来（讲话者处）(2) bring (brought, brought)v 带来从（某地）拿到（讲话者处）bring up 养育，养大bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb. 给某人带某物(3) takev 带来 从（讲话者）拿走take took takentake care 小心take charge of负责，看管take hold of 握住take off 脱下take out 取出take a look 看一看take away 拿走take exercise做运动 take it easy 不紧张take one s ti从me容不迫10. else 其他的；别的(1) other adj. 别的；其他的修饰 n. 放名词前作定语。on the other hand 另一方面(2) else adj. 别的；其他的放疑问词或不定代词之后。. what do you want to say?. what thing do you want?a. otherb. othersc. elsed.till. there is in his home. a. other nothing b. nothing otherc. else nothingd. nothing else11. see sb. doing sth看见某人正在做某事see sb. do sth看见某人做了某事12. have been (in) 待在某地(1) have/has gone to到某地去 ,说话时该人不在现场where is jim？吉姆在哪里？ he has gone to england他去英国了。（尚未回来）(2) have/has been to曾经去过某地 , 现在已不在那里了 ,后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示去过某地几次 , 也可和 just， never， ever 等连用。my father has been to beijing twice我父亲去过北京两次。(3) have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间” ，常与时间段状语连用。词条含义用法other泛指其他的人、物作形容词或代词，其后接名词的复数形式the other指两个人或物中的一个通常用于固定短语one. the other .中.others泛指另外几个，其余的是 other 的复数形式，在句中作主语、宾语the others其他东西；其余的人们特指某一范围的“其他的人或物”another其他的；再一个；另一个只能用于三个或更多的人或物i have been in shanghai for three years 我到上海已有三年了 13.the other 另一个15. namev 命名n. 名字；名称adj. 位于所修饰的名词之后 ,名“为.的” = named16. would you like?(1) would like想要、愿意 =want比 want 语气委婉、客气。后接名词、代词宾格或动词不定式。其中would是情态动词，常可缩写为dlucy would like some eggs.露茜想要一些鸡蛋。we d like to watch tv after schoo放l. 学之后，我们想要看电视。(2) would like 的固定句型a. would you like some你想?要一些吗？ 该句型常用于征求对方的意见。肯定回答常用 “ yes, please，.”否定回答常用 “ no, thanks.”需要特别注意的是，在该句型中要用some，而不用 any，以表示说话人希望得到肯定回答。would you like some apples?你想要一些苹果吗？ yes, please.是的，我想要。 no, thanks. 不，谢谢。b.would you like to do sth? 你愿意去做吗？该句型表示向对方有礼貌地提出建议或发出邀请，其中like 可用 love 替换。would you like/ love to play football with me? 你想要和我一起踢足球吗？yes, i d like / love t是o.的，我非常愿意。i d like/ love to. but i我m非to常o愿bu意sy，. 但我太忙了。c.would like to do sth. 想要做某事；would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事he would like to go out for a walk.他想要出去散步。our parents would like us to study well.我们的父母想要我们好好学习。17. wait v 等，等候，等待 waiter n 侍者can t wait to do sth迫不及待地做某事(1) wait for等候 （后接名词、代词） please wait for me at the gate.wait a moment! 等一等。be kept waiting 一直等着。keep sb. waiting make sb. wait 叫人等着。(2) wait to do sth 等着做某事18. what do you think of你认?为怎么样？think of / think about / think over 辨析：(1) thinkof提到（某人、某物、某事或某主意等） ，考虑，思考，对.有某种看法 ,后接名词，代词、动词-ing 形式。what do you think of your chinese teacher?i like her very much.(2) think of思考，考虑，对.有某种看法 =think aboutwhat do you think of the movie? = what do you think about the movie?(3) think of相出，想着，想起，不可用think about 代替。i always think of my childhood.(4) think over 仔细考虑，认真考虑 , 强调思考的程度比think of/ about 深。=think about. cfaurlely.其中 over是副词，宾语若是名词，则可位于over 之前或之后；当宾语是代词时，则必须放在over 之前。think it over before you do it.it s very important for you. you must think it o.versection b1. fight over 为争吵fight for +抽象名词（事业、自由、权利）等为 而 斗 争have a fight with和 打了一架2. abroad adv 在国外；到国外my father often goes abroad. abroad用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。go abroad 出国live abroad 住在国外at home and abroad在国内外3.return = come / go back返回= give sth back 归还returen . to . 把.归还给 .don t forget to return it to the library. 4.on the radio 在收音机里；通过无线广播介词 on 表示 “ 以 方式”on the internet 通过因特网；在网上on the telephone 通过电话on tv通过电视5. actually 真实地，事实上actually和 in fact 用法的区别(1)(无比较级、最高级 )实际上,事实上,实际he looks unpleasant, but actually he is very kind. 他看起来板着面孔 ,但事实上很和蔼。(2)in fact =really, trulyno one believed it, but in fact, mary did pass her exam. (3)in fact 通常作状语，用于书面语，修饰副词不可单独使用。really, truly 可作状语或表语，可单独使用，既可用于书面也可用于口语中。6. ever since 自从以来作连词时 =since, ever起强调作用,主句常用现在完成时 .i haven t heard from him since last year. =i havet nheard from him ever since last year.7. modernadj.现代的，当代的8. such as 例如，诸如此类的，像那样的=like 或 for example such as 后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。i know four languages, such as japanese and english我. 懂四种语言，如日语、英语(1) for example 例如, 一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。for example 意为用来举例说明，有时可作为独立语，插在句中，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。he，for example，is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。(2) such as例如,用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。such as用来列举事物， 插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间，as 后不可以有逗号， 可以与and so on 连用。boys such as john and james are very friend像ly.约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。9. succeedv 成功，达到successn成功 successfuladj 成功的 successfullyadv 成功地succeed in doing sthmake a success取得成功10. belong v属于；归属 = be owned by(1) belong to +人名（不能用所有格）+代词宾格（不能用物主代词）属于(2) belong to 不能用于进行时态或被动形式，其主语常常是物。(3) sth belongs to sb = sth is sb sthe yellow car belongs to mr. smith = the yellow car is mr. smith s.11. be kind to 对友 好 = be friendly to kind of有点儿，有几分 =a little或 a bita kind of 一种all kinds of各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的what kind of的种.类 (用来询问事物的类别 )12. million一百万hundred n 百hundreds of 数以百的thousand n 千thousands of成千上万的million n百万millions of 成百万的(1) 当 million前面有具体的数字时，用单数形式(2) 当 million后与 of连用时用复数形式， millions of是数百万的意思，前面不能加数词【口诀】：具体的不加 s 也不加 of，不具体的加 s 也加 of13. hope v 希望(1)hope to do sth. 希望做某事i hope (see) you again. (2)hope +that 从句i hope you may succeed(3) i hope so我希望是这样(4) i hope not我希望不是这样【