初中定语从句详解及练习附答案

定语从句详解及练习附答案第一部分 :基础知识（一）定语从句概述定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。（二）定语从句的引导词。定语从句的引导词分为两类， 关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）和关系副词（ when, where, why），引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。（三）关系代词1. that指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。this is the photo that i took in the country. he is the singer that i met yesterday.2. which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句the film which we saw last night was moving.3. who指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。the person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster. the man who you just talked to is tom.4. whom指人，在从句中作宾语。that is the professor whom you want to know.精品资料5. whose指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ s,后接一名词。i know the boy whose parents are dead.i don t like those cities whose roads are dirty.注：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。（四）关系副词关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which ，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ on/ in/ during which.ill never forget the day when (on which ) i reached the top of the huangshan mountain. where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/ in / to/ which.this is the school where( at which ) i studied.why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which. that s the real reason why (for which ) he was late.第二部分：关系代词的特殊用法关系代词指物时 ,用 that 而不用 which 的情况:1 .先行词为 something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及 all , much , little , a lot , none , few等不定代词时。eg: my mother was so proud of all that i didt2 .先行词有 the last , the very , the only以及 all , much , few , no , any ,little等修饰时。e.g.this is the very book that im looking for .3 .先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰 )时。e.g.this is the most exciting film that ive ever seen .when people talk about hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the west lake .4 . the same修饰先行词时, 定语从句要用 that或 as 引导 , 但意义不同。e.g.this is the same watch as i lost last sunday .(表示相同但并非同一 ) this is the same knife that i used yesterday . (表示就是那个 )6 . there be后面的定语从句多用that 引导 , 不用 which。e.g.there s a seat in the corner that is still free .7 .句子前面出现了 who , which时 , 后面的定语从句用that 引导。e.g.they built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before .who is the man that you were talking about just now ?8 .关系代词在定语从句作表语时, 常用 that ,而不用 which、who。e.g.my home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago .tom isn t the man that he used to be9.先行词既有人又有物时 ,只能用 that。e.g.do you remember the book and its author that appeared on tv last sunday (二)关系代词指人时 , 有时只用 who , 而不用 that。1 .先行词为指人的代词one , those , the man,以及人称代词如he 等。e.g.those who are often late for school should be punished .he who doesn t reach the great wall is not a true man .2 .先行词为someone(somebody),noone(nobody),anyone(anybody),everyone (everybody)。e.g.anyone who would like to attend the party should come on time .3 .先行词指人时 , 如有序数词 , 最高级, the very , the only ,the last等修饰, 定语从句既可用 that 也可用 who 引导。e.g.he is the first student who / that worked out the problem . (三)关系代词 whose 的用法：1 . whose在从句中作定语，表示 “先行词的”，既可指人，也可指物。e.g.john is my best friend , whose father is a scientist .the old man lived in the house whose window was broken .the boss , in whose company my father worked , was very friendly to the workers .2 . whose可以转换为 of which （物）和 of whom （人）。e.g. 1)the dictionary whose cover is missing is mine .(划线部分可改为the cover of which或 of which the cover )2) they also invited mr wang , whose car was stolen last sunday . (划线部分可改为the car of whom或 of whom the car )(四)which 的特殊用法：1. 关系代词 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 , 有时不是修饰某个先行词 , 而是指代主句的全部或部分内容 。特别注意，非限定定语从句中 prep+which 时， which 只能指代先行词， 不可以指代句子。e.g. 1)in china , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands , which ,however , is not the custom in western countries .helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry .2 . which有时可在定语从句中作定语, 含义上相当于指示代词this / that。e.g.1)he stayed in england for 5 years , during which time he learnedenglishwell .2)it may rain hard tomorrow , in which case i wont go fishing .注意 ：which 的这种用法与 whose作定语不同。whose表示“先行词的”。e.g.they re talking about a film , whose name i have forgotten .3 .以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时, 可借关系代词 which 把介词前置。e.g.1) tomorrow would be christmas day , and she had only $ 1.87 with which tobuyjim a present .32 those poor people had no houses to live in / in which to live .注：如果先行词指人，关系代词用whom。e.g.i wantto find a personto travelto englandwith/ withwhomto travelto england .(五)关系代词 as 的用法：1. 引导限制性定语从句：当先行词有 such , so , the same等修饰时 , 关系代词要用 as； as 在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。e.g.1) . i have never seen such a kind girl as she is .2) . he is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) as every student respects .比较： heis sucha good teacher( so good a teacher) thateverystudentrespects him .(此句为 such / sothat 引导的结果状语从句)3) . such a student as often studies hard is sure to pass this exam .4) . he bought the same bike as i did last week .区别 that i did last week2. 引导非限制性定语从句：as 不修饰某个先行词，而是指代主句的全部或部分内容，可译为 “这一点，此事；正如 ”， 或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾。常见于as we all know , as has been said above，as is usual，as is often the case , as everybody can see , as is known to us all等结构。e.g.1) . he has passed the exam , as is a pleasure to us .2) . as we all know , the earth moves around the sun .3) . this experiment , as you had expected , succeeded at last .3. 如前所述, which 也可引导这种从句, 两者常可互换。 (非限定性定语从句谓语句末且指代前面的主句 )e.g. 1 ）. thosetwostudentsarewearingthesameclothes, which/ as isvery interesting .2 ）. they came to the party on time , as / which had been expected .但在以下两种情况下有区别：1) . as 从句可位于句首 (或主句前 ) ,而 which 从句只能在主句后。e.g. is often the case , we have worked out the production plan .a . whichb . whenc . whatd . as2) .关系代词作主语时,如果从句的谓语是及物动词+ 宾语的结构,则只能用which。e.g.his father died in a traffic accident , which made us greatly surprised .3 ）当 which在从句中指代的事先行词而不是主句，只能用whiche.g. the car, which we saw on the playground, is mikes.第四部分：关系副词的特殊用法关系副词 when , where , why的用法：1. 关系代词(which / that)与关系副词(when, where, why)的选取方法：当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。关系代词指代先行词，并代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语,先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从句中作成分的时候 ,选用关系副词。关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换为“介词 + which ”。e.g.1)do you remember the day which / that we spent in the mountain village ?do you remember the day when (= on which ) we visited the mountain village ?2) this is the factory which / that we visited last year .this is the factory where (= in which ) he worked last year .3) we don t believe the reason which / that he gave for his coming late .we don t know the reason why (= for which ) he has changed his mind .2. 关系副词 where 的从句还可以修饰point ，situation ，case ，activity , scene , stage等地点意味不明显的先行词。关系副词when 的从句可以修饰occasion , stay等时间意味不明显的先行词。关系副词why 只修饰 reason这一个先行词。e.g. 1) now you can see weve come to the point where a change is badly needed .2) todaywe lldiscusssomecaseswherebeginnersofenglishfailtouseitproperly .3) there are few occasions when my students cant understand what i teach inclass .3. when 和 where在少数情况下可作介词宾语。e.g.1) . the naughty boy was hidden behind the door , from where he saw his mother walking into the house .（ where指代 behind the door。不能换为 which，因为 which 只能指代 the door）2) . they went to american three years ago，since when they have lived there .( when 指代 three years ago。不能换为 which，因为 which 只能指代 three years=and since then)(二) that 在有些句型中可视为关系副词：1 . way 后面的定语从句常用that 或 in which 引导 , 但可省略。e.g.i don t like the way ( that / in which ) you speak to your parents .the way ( in which / that ) he worked on the problem was wrong .注： 如果 way 在从句中作主语或宾语 , 应该用关系代词which / that 。e.g.he explained the problem in a way that / which everyone could accept .2 . it is ( about , high ) time that(正)是的时候了。that 从句中常用一般过去时 , that 在口语中可省略。e.g.it was high time that we stopped pollution .it is time that you had lunch now .比较： there was a time when ( during which ) we were short of oil .3 . this is the first ( second ,last ) time that(从句中常用完成时态)e.g.this is / will be the last time that i have come to china .it was the first time that he had been invited to china .第五部分：定语从句有关要注意的问题(一)关系代词作主语时 ,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。1 .先行词只有 one of修饰时, 从句谓语用复数。e.g.he is one of the students in our class who have been to hainan .this is one of the best books that were written by the writer .2 . one of前有 the , the only，the very，the first 时 , 从句谓语用单数。e.g.tom is the only / very one of the boys who knows the truth . (二)定语从句的隔离现象：1 .定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语, 定语或者其他成分隔开, 要注意找准先行词。e.g.the film brought the hours back to me when i was taken good care of in that village .is there a restaurant around where we can have lunch ?( aroundadv.在周围) the days are gone when we used foreign oil . (主句谓语较短 , 隔开先行词与定语从句 ) 2 .定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会出现插入语。e.g.1) he is the man who i think is fit for the job .2) - is that the small town you often refer to ?- right , just the one you know i used to work for years .a . thatb . whichc . whered . what (三)定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序：e.g. three days later , we found an old house , in front of which stood a big tree .finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautiful rainbow . (四)注意区别定语从句和其他从句：1 .区别 where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。(最明显的区别是定语从句一定有先行词)e.g.after the war , a new school was put up where there had once been a theatre . (状语从句)a new school was put up at the place where there had once been a theatre . (定语从句)2 .区别“介词+which ”的定语从句和 “介词+what ”的宾语从句。e.g.1) this is the company in which he worked three years ago .( which引导定语从句 )2) a modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago . ( what宾语从句)a . whatb . whichc . thatd . where3 .区别 that 的定语从句和同位语从句。e.g.the news that he won the match made us excited .(同位语从句) the news ( that ) he told us made us very excited .(定语从句)同位语从句中 that 不作句子成分 , 但不能省略，去掉that 从句仍然完整。定语从句中that 是关系代词，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。几个习题1. meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , i will always treasure .a . thatb . itc . oned . what此时， one是分句的先行词，同时one是 moment的同位语2. thebookwaswrittenin1946, theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreat changes .a . whenb . during whichc . since thend . since when此时 when相当于in 1946 ,最简单的说法就是and since then , and since the / this that = which定语从句易错分析之所以在经常出错，主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出主句和从句，对句子成分的把握也不到位，搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以要做好这一类题，要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法，而且应善于分辨和分析句子结构及其相应成分，这样才能对症下药，快速准确地找到瓿之所在定语从句练习题及配套参考答案共50 题1.the place interested me most was the childrens palace.a. which b. where c. what d. in which 2.do you know the man ?a. whom i spokeb. to who spokec. i spoke tod. that i spoke3. this is the hotel last month.a. which they stayed b. at that they stayedc. where they stayed at d. where they stayed4. do you know the year the chinese communist party was founded?a. which b. that c. when d. on which5. that is the day ill never forget.a. which b. on which c. in which d. when6. the factory well visit next week is not far from here.a. where b. to which c. which d. in which7. great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.a. where b. that c. which d. there 8.this is one of the best films .a. that have been shown this yearb. that have shownc. that has been shown this yeard. that you talked9. can you lend me the book the other day?a. about which you talkedb. which you talkedc. about that you talkedd. that you talked10. the pen he is writing is mine.a. with whichb. in whichc. on whichd. by which11. they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.a. whom b. who c. which d. that12. the engineer my father works is about 50 years old.a. to whomb. on whomc. with whichd. with whom13. it there anyone in your class family is in the country?a. who b. whos c. which d. whose 14.im interested in you have said.a. all that b. all what c. that d. which15.i want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday.a. which b. who c. what d. as16. he isnt such a man he used to be.a. who b. whom c. that d. as17. he is good at english, we all know.a. that b. as c. whom d. what18. li ming, to the concert enjoyed it very much.a. i went withb. with whom i wentc. with who i went d.i went with him19.i dont like as you read.a. the novelsb. the such novelsc. such novelsd. same novels20. he talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.a. which b. that c. whom d. what21. the letter is from my sister, is working in beijing.a. which b. that c. whom d. who22. in our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.a. them b. which c. whom d. who23. youre the only person ive ever met could do it.a. who;/ b./; whom c. whom;/ d./; who24.i lost a book, i cant remember now.a. whose titleb. its titlec. the title of itd. the title of that25. last summer we visited the west lake, hangzhou is famous in the world.a. for which b. for that c. in which d. what26.i have bought such a watch was advertised on tv.a. that b. which c. as d. it27.i can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.a. when; which b. which; whenc. what; that d. on which; when28. the way he looks at problems is wrong.a. which b. whose c. what d./29. this is the reason he didnt come to the meeting.a. in whichb. with whichc. thatd. for which30. this machine, for many years, is still working perfectly.a. after which i have lookedb. which i have looked afterc. that i have looked afterd. i have looked after31. the reason he didnt come was he was ill.a. why; thatb.that;whyc. for that;thatd.for which;what32. he is working hard, will make him pass the final exam. a.that b.which c.for which d.who33. that is not the way i do it. a./ b.which c.for which d.with which34.i have two grammars, are of great use.a. all of whichb. either of whichc. both of thatd. both of which35.i want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago.a. as was b. which was c. as were d. which36. my neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.a. who b. which c. that d. it37. this is the magazine i copied the paragraph.a. that b. which c. from that d. from which38. he is not such a man would leave his work half done.a. that b. which c. who d. as39. you can depend on whatever promise he makes.a. / b. why c. when d. whose40. smoking, is a bad habit, is, however, popular.a. that b. which c. it d. though41. - did you ask the guard happened?- yes, he told me all he knew.a. what; thatb. what; whatc. which; which d. that; that42. i shall never forget those years i lived on the farm with the farmers, has a great effect on my life.a. when; whob. that; whichc. which; thatd. when; which43. the number of the people who cars increasing.a. owns; areb. owns; isc. own; isd. own; are44. during the days , he worked as a servant at the browns.a. followedb. followingc. to followd. that followed45. is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?a. that b. / c. which d. it46. the clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see was going on inside house.a. which; whatb. through which; whatc. through that; whatd. what; that47. is some german friends visited last week?a. this schoolb. this the schoolc. this school one d. this school where48. john got beaten in the game, had been expected.a. as b. that c. what d. who49. i have bought two ballpens, writes well.a. none of themb. neither of themc. neither of whichd. none of which50. all that can be eaten eaten up.a. are beingb. has beenc. had beend. have been参考答案及解析1. a. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2 c. 和谁讲话 ”要说 speak to sb.本题全句应为 do you know the man whom i spoke to.。whom 是关系代词，作介词to 的宾语，可以省略。3. d. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. c. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5 a. which 是关系代词，在从句中作forget 的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6 c.解析同第 5 题。7. a.解析见第 3 题。8. a.本句话的先行词应该是films, 因此，关系代词 that 是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态 havebeen shown 。如果句中的 one 前面使用了定冠词the，则 theone 应该视为先行词。9. a. “谈到某事物 ”应说 talk about sth. 。about 是介词，其后要用 which 作宾语，不能用 that 。10. a. withwhich 是介词+关系代词 结构,常用来引导定语从句 .with 有用的意思,介词之后只能用 which, 不能用 that. with which在定语从句中作状语 ,即 he is writing with a pen.11. c. in front of which即 in front of a farmhouse. in front of which在从句中作状语 .12. d.withwhom引导定语从句 .withwhom放在从句中即为:myfatherworkswiththe engineer.13. d. whose引导定语从句 ,在从句中作主语family 的定语.14. a. that引导定语从句 ,因为先行词是 all, 所以只能选用 that 引导.15. d. the same.as 是固定用法 , as 引导定语从句时 ,可以作主语 ,宾语或表语 .在本句话中,as 作从句的主语 .16. d.suchas 是固定用法 ,as 引导定语从句时 ,可以作主语 ,宾语或表语 .在本题中 ,as作表语.17. b.as 作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as 所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as 在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后， 也可置于主句前。在本句中,as 作宾语.18. b. li ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom i went to the concert是定语从句 .with whom 放在从句中为 :i went to the concert with li ming.19. c. as 引导定语从句时通常构成 such as 或 the same as 固定搭配，其中 such 和 same 修饰其后的名词， as 为关系代词， 指代其前的名