guessing_word_meanings_from_the_context(陈玉峰)

微题型大意义 利用上下文语境推断生词词义专题 阅读理解题目的主要类型 1 主旨大意题 mainidea 2 细节信息题 detailinformation 3 推断题 infer imply 4 根据上下文推断词义题 guessingwordmeaningfromcontext 2010年高考样卷A篇41题 Now itseems thetableshaveturned SomedaysIamtheteacher otherdaysIamthestudent Theseyoungpeoplehavereawakenedmycommitmenttosocialjusticeissuesbychallengingmetolearnmoreaboutthesituationintheworldtoday wherepeoplearestillpoorandsufferbecauseofgreed corruptionandwar Mostimportant theyhavegivenmetheopportunitytocontinuetoparticipateinhelpingtofindsolutions Inreturn Ihelpthemdotheircharitableprojectsoverseas Ihavegonefarfromrunningoneschooltohelpingoverseetheconstructionofschoolsin21countries Theunderlinedpartprobablymeans A improvedthesituationinhisschoolB felthappytoworkwithstudentsagainC becamealearnerratherthanateacherD Changedhisattitudetowardhisretirement Resultanalysis A 5 B 20 C 25 D 50 Reason Manycan tmakeuseofthecontextproperly Becauseof1 lackofbasicvocabulary2 lackofknowledgeofsentencestructure3 lackoftips Now itseems thetableshaveturned SomedaysIamtheteacher otherdaysIamthestudent Theseyoungpeoplehavereawakenedmycommitmenttosocialjusticeissuesbychallengingmetolearnmoreaboutthesituationintheworldtoday wherepeoplearestillpoorandsufferbecauseofgreed corruptionandwar Mostimportant theyhavegivenmetheopportunitytocontinuetoparticipateinhelpingtofindsolutions Inreturn Ihelpthemdotheircharitableprojectsoverseas Ihavegonefarfromrunningoneschooltohelpingoverseetheconstructionofschoolsin21countries Tip thecontextisalwaysnearby 提示 这类题目的目的不是为了测试考生一般的词汇水平 而是想通过这些题目来确定应试者能否通过文章上下文准确地引申出其词义来 考试中经常作为考点的词汇包括以下几种 常用词 即常用词在特殊语言环境中的特殊意义 专业化程度较高的词 生僻词 要解这类题目 应试者应具备通过上下文猜测词义的能力 要善于捕捉生词所在的上下文所提供的线索 通过已知部分对未知部分进行推测 由此可见 猜词技巧对应试者来说 也是一种很有用的 必不可少的技巧 Whatdoeskillmean IloveplayingcardswithBob becauseIkillhimeverytime 我最喜欢和鲍打牌 因为我每回都赢他 Inthesoccergamelastweek ChinesekilledJapanese 上星期的足球赛中国狂胜日本 Heisaladykiller 他是一个万人迷 WhenMr LiwasattendingIndianaUniversity oneday anAmericanfriendofhistoldhim OurchemicalLabhadakillertoday Hewasshockedbyhisnews andasked Really Anyonekilled Howmanywounded HewasequallysurprisedbywhatMr Lisaid KnowingthatMr Lididnotunderstandwhathemeant hehurriedlyexplained No no WhatImeanisthatinourChemicalLabtodaywehadaheadacheproblem Lackofcontextalwaysleadstomisunderstanding 如何利用上下文信息 Howtomakeuseofthecontext 1 利用上下文中的同义关系猜测词义 例 Motherwastall fatandmiddle aged Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman almostasplumpasmother andmuchshorter like 像 一样 as as 如同 一样 thesameas 与 相同 tobe 是 mean 意指 referto 指的是 bedefinedas 被定义为 beknownas 被称为 becalled 被称为 betermed 被定义为 2 利用上下文中的解释关系or thatistosay i e 即 例 Thenewtaxlawsupersedes orreplaces thelawthatwasineffectlastyear 例 Childrenoftentrytoimitateorcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision 译文 新的税收法律已取代去年生效的那个法律 译文 小孩经常试着去仿效他们在电视里所看到的行为 3 以标点符号 同位语 定语从句为线索猜测词义 例 Asleepingpersonisunconscious unawareofwhatisgoingonaroundhim 例 Tomwasaroamer awandererwhocouldneverstayinoneplace wanderer 流浪汉 4 利用上下文中的反义关系猜测词义 例 Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones however wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve Complicated complex 复杂的 4 利用转折关系 例题 ThoughTom sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean hisneckstillremainsgrubby dirty 肮脏的 注意带有but yet however otherwise nevertheless incontrast ontheotherhand ratherthan although while unlike whereas等表转折意义的词或是有分号的句子 这类句子前后存在明显的对比关系 根据已知内容 通过对比很容易猜出生词的意义 5 利用逻辑推理 因果关系猜测词 例 Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong 例 Thelightwassofaintthatitwasimpossibletotellwhowasspeaking cut do 修剪 weak dim昏暗 或 暗淡 6 运用生活经验及普通常识进行推理 例 Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou you llhavetousethefrontandhind back brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce brake 刹车 7 利用构词法猜测词义 Theyoverestimatetheinterviewee sabilityandaskedhimmanydifficultquestions over 是前缀 过分 estimate的词义可猜测为 过高估计 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有 super 超 inter 在 之间 able 能 的 mini 极少的 微型的 micro 极微小的 re 再 反复 sub 分支的 底下 co 共同 post 后 pre 前 trans 超越 转换 under 在 之下 低于 不足 hood 状态 性质 时期 ish 如 的 有点儿 的 proof 防 的 不能穿透的 scope 景 ship 身份 资格 权力 性质 some 易于 的 wards 向 mis 误 恶 un 不 非 in 不 非 im 不 非 dis 不 non 不 非 less 不 无 anti 反 防 sino 中国 高考链接07浙江E篇Oneday ItoldmymotherI dchangedmymind Ididn twanttomakeasuccessinthemagazinebusiness Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourmindlikethis shereplied you llbecomeagood for nothing Sheinsistedthat assoonasschoolwasover Ishouldstartringingdoorbells sellingmagazines WheneverIsaidno shewouldscoldme MymotherandIhadfoughtthisbattlealmostaslongasIcouldremember Mymother dissatisfiedwithmyfather splainworkman slife determinedthatIwouldnotgrowuplikehimandhispeople Butneverdidsheexpectthat fortyyearslater suchasuccessfuljournalistasmewouldgobacktoherhusband speoplefortruelifeandlove Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase thisbattle lastparagraph referto Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase thisbattle lastparagraph referto A Thewarbetweentheboy sparents B Thearguingbetweentheboyandhismother C Thequarrelbetweentheboyandhiscustomers D Thefightbetweentheboyandhisfather 08浙江C篇ABrownUniversitysleepresearcherhassomeadviceforpeoplewhorunhighschools Don tstartclassessoearlyinthemorning Itmaynotbethatthestudentswhonodoffattheirdesksarelazy Anditmaynotbethattheirparentshavefailedtoenforce 确保 bedtime Instead itmaybethatbiologicallythesesleepyheadstudentsaren tusedtotheearlyhour Theunderlinedphrase nodoff mostprobablymeans A turnaroundB agreewithothersC fallasleepD refusetowork 09浙江A篇WewereinBoston aplacenotalwaysknownforsmallconversationbetweenstrangers Thewomanstoppedunloadingherbasketandlookedupatme Shesmiled Itwasanicesmile warmandreassuring andIretunedhergiftbysmilingback Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase hergift Paragraph2 referto A Herwords B Hersmile C Herflowers D Herpoliteness Wewatchedasthecatcamequietlythroughthegrasstowardthebird Whenitwasjustafewfeetfromthevictim itgathereditslegsunderitself andpounced 2 WhatcouldJohnexpect Hehadlefthiswetswimmingtrunksinthedarkclosetforoveraweek ofcoursetheyhadbeguntomildew 3 Inspiteofthefactthatthebeautifulegretisindangerofdyingoutcompletely manyclothingmanufacturersstillofferhandsomepricesfortheirlong eleganttailfeathers whichareusedasdecorationsonladies hats 三 练一练 扑 跳 发霉 一种鸟 4 Expertsinkinetics intheirstudyofbodymotionasrelatedtospeech hopetodiscovernewmethodsofcommunication 5 Unlikehergregarioussister Janeisashy unsociablepersonwhodoesnotlik