项目管理术语词典2.doc

项目管理术语词典（2）Long Lead Procurement提前时间最长的采购Long-Term长期Loop回路Lot批Lot Formation批的形成Lot Size批的规格Lowest Management Level最低管理级别LQ质量限制LS最晚开始时间LSB最低静态基线LSD最晚开始日期Lump Sum总价Macro Environment宏观环境Macro Environment Variables宏观环境变量Main Plan主计划Main Process主过程流程Maintainability可维护性Maintenance维护Maintenance Quality Assurance维护的质量保证Major Defect主要缺陷Major Defective存在主要缺陷的产品Major Facility Project大型设备项目Make-or-Buy自制或购进Make-or-Buy Decision自制或购进决策Management管理Management by Exception异常管理Management by Methods方法管理Management by Objectives目标管理Management by Project按项目管理Management by Projects以项目进行管理Management by Rules规则管理Management by Threshold临界点管理Management by Values价值管理Management Committee管理委员会Management Control Point管理控制点Management Development员工发展的管理Management Fundamentals管理基本原理Management Information Center管理信息中心Management Information System管理信息系统Management Plan管理计划Management Reserve管理储备Management Structure管理结构Management Styles管理风格Management System管理系统Management Time管理时间Manager管理者经理Manager Interfaces管理者之间的接口Manager of Project Management项目管理经理Managerial Quality Administration质量管理Managerial Reserves管理储备Managing管理Managing by Projects按项目管理Managing Change管理变更Managing Organizations by Projects通过项目对组织进行管理Managing Scope管理范围Mandatory强制的Manpower人力Manpower Analysis人力分析Manpower Planning人力计划Manpower Projection人力需求预测Manual手工Manuals手册Manufacturing制造Margin边际Marginal Costing边际成本计算Market市场Market Analyst市场分析家Market Capitalization市场资本化价值Market Price市场价格Market Research市场调研Market Share市场份额Market Survey市场调查Market Value Added增加的市值Marketing市场营销Markup(成本)加成Master主要的人/事Master Builder营造商Master Network主网络图Master Plan主计划Master Project Schedule项目主进度计划Master Schedule主进度计划Master Time Schedule主时间进度计划Material材料Material Difference实质差异Material Handling材料操作Material Requirements Planning材料需求计划编制Material Resource Plan材料资源计划Material Review Board材料评审委员会Materials Control材料控制Mathematical Analysis数学分析Mathematical Programming数学规划Matrix in management管理中的矩阵Matrix Management矩阵管理Matrix Organization矩阵组织Matrix Responsibilities责任分配矩阵Matrix Responsibility Chart责任矩阵图Maturity成熟Maturity Model成熟度模型Maximum Price最高价格MBM方法管理MBO目标管理MBP政策管理MBR规则管理MBV价值管理MBWA走动管理Mean Time Between Failures平均无故障时间Measurable可测量的Measure of Effectiveness有效性的测量Measurement测量Measures权衡Measuring and Test Equipment测量与测试设备Medium Term中期Meeting会议Memorandum of Understanding谅解备忘录Merge Node合并节点Merit Rating绩效评级Messaging发送消息Method方法Method Study方法研究Methodology方法论Methods Study方法研究Metrics度量体系标准体系M-H/M/Y人工小时/人月/人年Micro Environment微观环境Micro Procurement Environment微观采购环境Micro-Management微观管理Micro-Managing微观管理Micro-Scheduling微观的进度安排Mid-Stage Assessment阶段中评估Milestone里程碑Milestone Dictionary里程碑字典Milestone Payments按里程碑付款Milestone Plan里程碑计划Milestone Schedule里程碑式进度表Milestones for Control用于控制的里程碑Milestones for progress measurement用于进度测量的里程碑Military Time军用时间MIME多用Internet邮件扩充Minor Defect次要缺陷Minute Taking写会议纪要MIS管理信息系统MIS Quality Requirements管理信息系统的质量要求Misrepresentation误传Mission使命Mission Statement使命宣言Mitigation减轻Mitigation of Damages减轻损失Mitigation of Risk减轻风险Mixed Organization混合型组织MOA协议备忘录Mobilization动员MOBP按项目管理组织Mock-up实体模型Model模型Modeling建模Modeling Conventions建模约定Modeling Time建模期Modification更改修改修正Modification Procedure修改程序Module模块Monitoring监视Monitoring Actuals versus Budget对照预算监测实际成本Monte Carlo Analysis蒙特卡罗分析Monte Carlo Method蒙特卡罗方法Monte Carlo Simulation蒙特卡罗模拟Monthly Status Review月度状态报告Morale士气Most Likely Time最可能时间Most Likely Value最可能值Motivating激励Motivation鼓舞Motivators激励因素Motives动机Moving Average Cost移动平均成本MPM现代项目管理MR管理储备MSA中期评价MTBF平均故障间隔时间Multi-Disciplined多学科的Multi-Financial Sources多资金来源Multi-functional Project Teams多功能项目团队Multi-Level Reporting多级别报告Multi-Project多项目Multi-Project Analysis多项目分析Multi-Project Management多项目管理Multi-project Scheduling多项目进度安排Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension多用 Internet 邮件扩展Multi-User多用户Multi-Year Contract多年合同Multi-Year Procurement多年采购Must Finish必须结束Must Start必须开始Near-Critical Activity次关键活动Near-Term Activities近期活动Needs需求Needs Study需求研究Negative Float负浮动时间Negative Total Float负总浮动时间Negligence疏忽Negotiated Contract Cost议定合同成本Negotiated Price议定价格Negotiating谈判Negotiating Strategies谈判策略Negotiation谈判Negotiation Meetings谈判会议Negotiation Objectives谈判目标Net Book Value净帐面价值Net Present Value净现值Network网络Network Analysis网络分析Network Branching网络分支图Network Diagram网络图Network Interface网络界面Network Logic网络逻辑Network Path网络路径Network Planning网络规划网络计划技术Networking构建网络NIH禁止意见发表No Cost Settlement无费用处理Node节点事件Non-Conformance不合格Nonconformity不合格Non-Critical Activities or Work Items非关键活动或工作项Non-Destructive Testing非破坏性测试Non-Excusable Delays不可原谅的延期Non-Profit非盈利Non-Recurring Costs一次性成本Non-Splittable Activity不可拆分的活动不可中断的活动Nonverbal Communication非语言沟通Non-Work Unit非工作日单位Normal Distribution正态分布Normal Inspection正常检查Normal Operation正常运行Normal Probability Distribution正态概率分布Norming规范正规Not Earlier Than不早于Not Invented Here禁止意见发表Not Later than不迟于Not to Exceed不得超过Notice Of Change变更通知Notice of Termination终止通知Notice to Proceed开工通知NPV净现值NTE不得超过O&M运营和维护OAR质量保证代表Object对象Objective目标Objective Quality Evidence客观质量证据Objectives目标Object-Oriented Analysis面向对象的分析Obligation义务职责债务OBS组织分解结构Observation观察观测Observation Units观测单位Obsolete过时的陈旧的OC Curves操作特征曲线ODC其它直接成本Off the Shelf Item现货供应物品货架产品Off the Shelf Items现货供应物品Offer要约提议出价Offset抵销Offsite Fabrication非现场装配OJT在职培训One Hundred Percent Inspection百分百检查One on One一对一会面On-site Assembly现场装配On-the-job Training 在职培训Open Projects打开的项目Operating运作操作Operating Characteristic Curves操作特征曲线Operating Manuals操作手册Operating System操作系统Operating System Computer计算机操作系统Operation运行运作经营作业操作Operation Phase运行阶段运营阶段Operational Acceptance运行接受Operational Projects经营项目Operational System运行系统Operations Acceptance Review运行验收评审Operations and Maintenance运营和维护Operations and Maintenance Manual运营维护手册Operators操作者经营者Operators Manual操作者手册Opportunities机会机遇Opportunity机会Opportunity Phase机会阶段Optimism乐观Optimistic乐观的Optimistic Duration乐观工期Optimistic Time乐观时间Option选项Oral口头沟通Order of Magnitude数量级Order of Magnitude Estimate数量级估算Organization组织Organization and Methods Study组织和方法研究Organization Breakdown System组织分解体系Organization Chart组织图Organization Development组织建设Organization Plan组织计划Organization Resources组织资源Organization Structure组织结构Organization Unit组织单元Organizational Constraints组织约束Organizational Design组织设计Organizational Factors组织因素Organizational Influences组织影响Organizational Learning组织学习Organizational Planning组织规划Organizational Politics组织中的政治Organizational Requirements组织要求Organizational Strategy组织策略Organizational Style组织风格Original Budget原始预算Original Duration原始工期Originator变更发起人OTB超目标基准计划Other Bid Considerations其它投标对价Other Direct Costs其它直接成本Out of Scope额外要求超范围范围之外Out Put Requirements输出要求Outcome输出结果Outlays花费支出开销Outline大纲Out-of-Sequence Progress无序的进展Output输出Output Format输出格式Outsourcing外包外部采购Over Target Baseline超目标基线计划Overall Change Control整体变更控制全面变更控制综合变更控制Overall Control全面控制Overall Cost全部成本Overall Project整个项目Overall Quality Philosophy全面质量理念Over-allocation过度分配Overhead管理费Overload超负荷超载Overrun超出限度Owner业主所有者Owner Support业主支持Ownership of Quality Responsibility质量责任的归属权Package包工作包PAR问题分析报告Parallel Activities平行活动Parameter参数Parameters参数Parametric Cost Estimating成本参数估算Parametric Estimating参数估算Parent Activity母活动Parent in scheduling在时间进度安排中的母体Pareto Diagram帕累托图Part部件Participant参与者Participants参与者Participation参与Parties to a contract合同关系的当事人Partnering合伙Partnership合伙Patent Defect明显缺陷Path路径路线Path Convergence路径趋同Path Float路径浮动时间Path network网络路径Pattern模式Pay-Back Period投资回收期Payment支付Payment Authorization支付授权Payment Bond付款担保Payroll Burden薪金总额PDM前导图法优先图法PDM Finish to Finish Relationship前导图法的完成完成关系PDM Finish to Start Relationship前导图法的完成开始关系PDM Start to Finish Relationship前导图法的开始完成关系PDM Start to Start Relationship前导图法的开始开始关系Pedigree血统Peer Review同行评审Penalties处罚罚款Penalty Power处罚权力Percent Complete完成比Percent Defective缺陷百分比Percentage Complete完成率Percentage Completion完成百分比Performance绩效Performance Bond履约担保Performance Control绩效控制Performance Evaluation绩效评估Performance Factor绩效因子Performance Goal绩效目标Performance Management绩效管理Performance Measurement绩效测量Performance Measurement System绩效测量系统Performance Measurement Techniques绩效测量技术Performance Reporting绩效报告Performance Specification性能规格Performance Standards性能标准Performing表现Performing Organization执行机构Period周期一段时间Period of Performance履约期Periodic Review定期评审Periodical定期的Perpetual永恒的重复不停的不断的Personal Recognition个人认可Personal Rewards个人报酬Personalities人身攻击Personality Types个性类型Personnel职员Personnel Development人力资源开发Personnel Management人事管理Personnel Training人员培训PERT计划评审技术PERT Analysis PERT分析PERT Chart PERT图PERT Cost PERT成本Perturbation混乱烦恼Per-use Cost每次使用费Pessimistic Duration悲观工期Pessimistic Time悲观时间Phase阶段Phased Planning阶段性规划Phasing阶段划分Philosophy人生观哲学Physical Configuration Audit物理配置审核Physical Percent Complete实际完成百分比Physical Restraint自然约束Pictorial Display图示Pilot试运行Pilot Production试生产Pitch简报Plan计划Plan Development计划开发Plan Type计划类型Planned Activity计划活动Planned Cost计划成本Planned Finish Date计划完成日期Planned Future Expenditures计划未来支出Planned Value计划价值Planned Value for Work Accomplished已完成工作的计划价值Planned Value for Work Scheduled计划工作的计划价值Planner计划员Planner Time计划者时间Planning计划编制Planning Account计划科目计划工作包Planning Matrix计划矩阵Planning Package计划包Planning Period计划期Planning Phase计划编制阶段Plant工厂Player参与者PLS项目生命期Plug Date指定日期Plugged date预定日期PM项目经理/项目管理PMB绩效测量基线PMBOK项目管理知识体系指南PMIS项目管理信息系统PMO项目管理办公室PMP项目管理专业人员PMS项目组合管理系统PMT绩效测量技术POC联络点Policies方针Policy方针Policy Manual方针手册Policy Restraint政策约束Political Risk政治风险Politics权利斗争Pool Resource资源库Population样本空间Portability便携性可移植性Portfolio组合Portfolio Management组合管理Portfolio of Projects项目组合Positive Float正浮动时间Post Audit事后审核Post Award Conference授予后会议Post Contract Evaluations合同后评估Post Implementation Review实施后评审Post Project Analysis and Report项目后分析及报告Post Project Appraisal项目后评估Post Project Evaluation项目后评价Post Project Evaluation Review项目后评审Post Project Review项目后评审Postmortem事后检查Power权力PPL项目产品列表Practice惯例实践PRD产品需求说明书Pre Award Meetings授予前会议Pre Award Survey授予前调查Pre Bid Conference招标前会议Pre Commissioning预试运行Pre Planned Product Improvement先行计划产品改进Pre Proposal Conference投标前会议Pre Tender Estimate投标前评估Precedence前导任务前置任务紧前任务Precedence Diagram前导图Precedence Diagram Method Arrow前导图法箭线Precedence Diagramming前导图Precedence Diagramming Method前导图法Precedence Network前导网络图Precedence Notation前导表示法Precedence Relationship前导关系Preceding Event前导事件Predecessor前导活动Predecessor Activity前导活动Predecessor Task前导任务Predecessor Work Item前导工作项Preferred Alternative首选方案Preliminary预备的初步的Preliminary Design初步设计Preliminary Design Documentation初步设计文档Preliminary Design Review初步设计评审Preliminary Economic Criteria初步经济指标Preliminary Estimate初步估算Preliminary Technical Criteria初步技术指标Prequalification资格预审Prescribe规定Prescriptive说明Present Value现值Presentation演讲演示Presentation Format演讲形式表达方式Presentation Software表达软件Presentation Speaking演讲Pressure Groups施压小组Pretty Good Privacy优秀密钥Preventive Maintenance预防性维护Price价格Pricing报价Pricing Data Index价格数据指数Pricing forward报价 前置Pricing retrospective报价 后置Primary Technology主要技术Primary Technology of the Organization组织的主要技术Prime Contractor主承包商Principal主管Principle原则Priorities优先顺序Priority优先考虑的事Priority Ranking优先级排序Priority Rule优先级规则Privity of Contract合同当事人关系 不涉及第三人/相对性原则Pro forma试算报表 预估Proactive积极主动/提前行动Proactive Management前瞻性管理Probabilistic Dependencies概率相关性Probabilistic Network概率网络图Probabilistic Networks概率网络图Probability概率Probability Assessment概率评估Probability Distribution概率分布Probability of Acceptance接受概率Probability of Occurrence发生概率Problem问题Problem Resolution问题解决Problem Solving问题解决Problem Solving in negotiating问题解决谈判Problem Statement问题说明Problem/Need Statement/Goal问题/需求说明/目标Problems Early Warning System问题早期预警系统Procedure程序/流程Procedures Manual程序手册Process过程进程流程Process and Organization过程和组织Process Average过程平均数Process Control过程控制Process Design流程设计Process Role流程角色Process View进程视图Processor处理器Procurement采购Procurement Addendum采购附录Procurement Advertising采购广告Procurement Cost Considerations采购成本对价Procurement Documents采购文件Procurement Environment采购环境Procurement Identification采购识别Procurement Invitation采购邀请书Procurement Method采购方法Procurement Negotiations采购谈判Procurement Other Considerations采购其它考虑Procurement Performance Evaluation采购绩效评估Procurement Planning采购计划编制Procurement Pre-Qualifications采购预先资格Procurement Qualifications采购资格Procurement Ranking采购排名Procurement Response采购响应Procurement Source Evaluation采购供方评估Procurement Strategy采购策略Procurement Supplier Valuation采购供应商评估Procurement Technical Considerations采购技术考虑Producibility可生产性Product产品Product Acceptance Review产品验收评审Product and Market Related Projects与产品和市场相关的项目Product Assurance产品保证Product Breakdown产品分解Product Champion产品推动者产品牵头人Product Description产品描述Product Experts产品专家Product Flow Diagram产品流程图Product Improvement Plan产品改进计划Product Liability产品责任Product Life Cycle产品生命期Product Life Cycle Costing产品生命期成本Product Quality Review产品质量评审Product User产品用户Production生产Production Capacity生产能力Production Cost生产成本Production Engineering生产工程Production Management生产管理Production Model生产模型Production Permit生产许可证Production Phase生产阶段Production Program生产计划Productivity生产率Product-Line Architecture生产线构架Profession职业专业Professional专业人员Professional Associations专业人员协会Professional Services Agreement专业服务协议Professional Services Project专业服务项目Professionalism专家地位/职业精神Profit利润Profitability利润率Program项目群大型项目Program Analyst程序分析员Program Benefits Review项目群收益评审Program Benefits Review Report项目群收益评审报告Program Brief项目群摘要Program Definition Phase项目群定义阶段Program Definition Statement项目群定义说明书Program Director项目群总监Program Directorate项目群委员会Program Execution Phase项目执行阶段Program Executive项目群经营管理人员Program Identification Phase项目群识别阶段Program Management项目群管理Program Management Office项目群管理办公室Program Manager项目群经理Program Methodology项目方法论Program Office项目群办公室Program Plan项目群计划Program Planning项目群计划编制Program Status Date项目群状态日期Program Support Office项目群支持办公室Programmer程序员Programmer Trainee初级程序员Programming制定进度编程Programs进度计划项目群软件程序Progress进展Progress Analysis进度分析Progress Bar进度条Progress Date进度日期Progress Draw阶段性付款Progress Line进度线Progress Measurement进度测量Progress Milestones进度里程碑Progress Payment分阶段付款Progress Report进度报告Progress Reporting进度汇报Progress Trend进度趋势Project项目Project Administration项目行政管理Project Appraisal项目评估Project Approval项目批准Project Base Date项目基准日期Project Board项目委员会Project Board Executive项目执行董事Project Boundary项目边界Project Breakdown Structure项目分解结构Project Brief项目摘要Project Budget项目预算Project Business Management项目商务管理Project Calendar项目日历Project Cancellation项目取消Project Champion项目推动者项目支持者Project Change项目变更Project Change Control Board项目变更控制委员会Project Charter项目章程Project Closeout项目收尾Project Closeout and Startup Costs项目收尾和运作启动成本Project Closure项目收尾Project Code项目代码Project Communications Management项目沟通管理Project Communications Plan项目沟通计划Project Completion项目完成Project Complexity项目复杂度Project Concept Documentation项目概念文档Project Configuration Control Board项目配置管理委员会Project Context项目背景Project Control项目控制Project Control Cycle项目控制周期Project Coordination项目协调Project Co-ordination Procedure项目协调过程Project Cost项目成本Project Cost Accounting System项目成本会计系统Project Cost Changes项目成本变更Project Cost Management项目成本管理Project Cost Systems项目成本系统Project Cost Target项目成本目标Project Culture项目文化Project Data Gaps项目数据差距Project Data Review项目数据评审Project Data Verification项目数据确认Project Definition项目定义Project Developer项目开发者Project Development Life Cycle项目开发生命期Project Direct Cost Contingency项目直接应急费用Project Director项目总监项目主管Project Directory项目目录Project Documentation项目文档Project Duration项目工期项目持续时间Project Engineer项目工程师Project Environment