广州版8年级英语上册U2语法数词.doc

Unit Two 语法点学习：数词 Warm-up: ReadingA long time ago, there was a king in India. The kings favorite game was chess. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. The king promised the old man, “you can have any prize if you win the game.” The old man said, “If I win the game, Id like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for the third, and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.”“Is that all?” asked the king. “Wouldnt you like gold or silver instead?”“No, just rice,” replied the old man.The king and the old man played the game for a long time. Finally, the old man won. So the king ordered his men to collect a bag of rice. He put one grain on the first square, two on the second, and so on. The king quickly realized the problemeven with all the rice in the country, he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares!一、重 难 点1）基数词的拼写2) 序数词的拼写3) 数词的综合用法二、精讲点拨数词分_词和_词。基数词表示_，序数词表示_。.1）基数词的拼写数字构成规律例子1-12特殊记忆One, two, three13-19个位数形式添加后缀teen19 _ ; 17 _注：有3个需特殊记忆：13 _ 15 _ 18 _整十_ Sixty, seventy, ninety注：有5个需特殊记忆：20 _; 30 _; 40 _; 50 _几十几在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“”28 _45 _37 _54 _81 _几百个数基数词形式加hundred200 _500 _几百几十几在几十几与百位间加上_218 two hundred and eighteen几千个数基数词形式加_8000_注：百和千之间不用and2） 序数词的拼写基数词变序数词歌诀举例一、二、三，特殊记1st _; 2nd _; 3rd _加th从4起6th_; 7th _八少t，九去e8th _; 9th _ve要用f替5th_; 12th _见y变成i和e，词尾再加th20th _; 30th _40th _; 50th _若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以23rd _; 41st _55th _; 82nd _D序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。firstlst second2nd third3rdfourth4th sixth6th twentieth20thtwenty-third23rd其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。3）数词的综合用法A必修用法：1、 年月表示法（1）世纪可以用“the + 序数词+ century”表示，也可以用定冠词加百位进数加s表示in the sixth（6th）century 公元六世纪in the eighteenth（18th）century 公元十八世纪in the 1900s 二十世纪in the 1600s 十七世纪（2）年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成in the 1930s（in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties）在二十世纪三十年代in the 1860s（in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties）在十九世纪六十年代In the 1870s when Marx was already in his fifties，he found it important to study the situation in Russia，so he began to learn Russian在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时，他发现研究俄国的形势很重要，便开始学习俄语。拓展：表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties他三十多岁时成为了教授。She died of lung cancer in forties她四十来岁时死于肺癌。（3）表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后，年代前添加 early，mid-，latein the early 1920s 在二十世纪二十年代早期in the mid-1950s 在二十世纪五十年代中期拓展：同类词组In the early morningEarlier in the morning（4）年月日时刻表示法A年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以hundred为单位，也可以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine1800 读作 eighteen hundred253 读作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two表示在哪一年，一般在年数前加介词in，使用year时，year放在数词之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。B. 月份，在哪个月用介词_加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如：in May在五月； in July在七月。为了简便起见，月份与日期连用时，月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May，June，July外，其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示，但September除外（SeptemberSept）。具体月份表示缩写一月_Jan.二月_Feb.三月March_四月April_五月_May.六月June_七月_Jul.八月August_九月_Sep.十月October_十一月_Nov.十二月December_这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略，因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。C日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词_。National Day is on Oct. 1.国庆节是十月一日。（读作 October the first）此句也可以表示为 National Day is on the 1st of OctoberMay 5 五月五日（读作May the fifth）也可以表示为the fifth（5th）of MayMar. 1（st） 三月一日（读作March the first或 the first of March）D时刻1. 表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的oclock5:00 读作 five oclock 或 five2. 表示几点过几分，在分钟后加past，再加小时five past seven 七点过五分half past six 六点半a quarter past eight 八点过一刻seven past eight 八点过七分3. 表示几点差几分，在分钟后面加to，再加小时ten to eight八点差十分（七点五十分）a quarter to twelve十二点差一刻（十一点四十五分）twenty to six六点差二十分（五点四十分）在日常生活中，常用下列简单方法表示时间，简称“顺读法”8:30 eight thirty12:05 twelve o five即学即练：以正确的方式分别读出下面的时间。6:31读作 _10:26读作 _14:03 读作 _16:15 读作_18:30 读作 _23:55 读作 _11:45 读作 _注：时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法，这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。（5）表示不具体、不确切的时间，如世纪、年代、年份、月份时，用介词_表示，表示具体确切的某一天用介词_.表示通常情况下morning，afternoon，evening等词前用介词_。但是，当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语，把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时，介词in应改为_。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。On a cold morning，the old man died lonely in his house在一个寒冷的早晨，这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。I dont want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7这次事故发生在7月7日下午。We are to have a small test on Monday morning星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验。2、加减乘除表示法具体用法表示法例子加法Plus/and2+3=5 _减法minus10-6=4_乘法times/multiply53=15_除法divided by 217=3_拓展：在描述算式时，我们多用祈使句。这些祈使句由表示加、减、乘、除的动词开头，但要特别注意每个动词各自的习惯搭配。如：Add 4 and 8. (4+8)Subtract 4 from 8 (8-4)Multiply 4 by 8. (48)Divide 8 by 4 (84)在描述等式时，我们可以使用以下句型：4 plus 8 is/equals 12. (4+8=12)(注意不能说成4 add 8)8 minus 4 is/equals 4. (8-4=4)（注意不能说成8 subtract 4）4 multiplied by 8 is/equals 32. (48=12)8 divided by 4 is/equals 2. (84=2)即学即练：写出下列运算的正确结果1) 23 plus 36 equals _.2) 24 multiplied by 8 is _.3) 80 minus 20 is _.4) 65 divided by 13 equals _.5) Add 10 and 6, multiply the answer by 8, subtract 40 from the answer and divide the answer by 11. What number have you got? _6) Divide 33 by 11, multiply the answer by 7, add 10 and the answer, and subtract 6 from the answer. What number have you got? _3、分数表示法分数是由_和_一起来表示的。_作分子，_作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters1/3 one third或a third24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter1/2 a half1/4 one quarter或a quarter1 1/2 one and a half1 1/4 one and a quarter4、百分数表示法百分数用基数percent表示50 fifty percent百分之五十3 three percent百分之三0.12 zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二这里的percent前半部per表示“每一”，cent这一后半部分表示“百”，所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。5、约数表示法A 基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的_；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以_出现。There are _（hundreds/hundred） of people in the hall大厅里有数以百计的人。Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。They went to the theatre in twos and threes他们三三两两地来到了剧院。【拓展】“约数”的表示在平时的口语和局面语中，经常会用数词来表达“约数”的概念。如：成百上千、数百万等。这些约数的概念该如何表达呢？请看下面的列表：数十_hundreds of数千；成千上万thousands of数十万_数百万millions ofB易混点:区别下列三个短语的用法1) 数字/several + hundred2) hundreds of3) two hundreds of the +名词复数6、顺序的表示基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。我们既可以用基数词表示序号，也可以用基数词表示序号。具体结构是如下：the first lesson=Lesson Onethe fifth page=Page 5（five）the twenty-first room=Room 21（twenty-one）Tips: 序号的表示：名词+基数词=the +序数词+名词（巧记：大写在前用基数，小写在后用序数）即学即练：用序数词完成下面的句子。1) I havent been there before. This is my _ visit.2) -Is Tuesday the _ day of the week?-Yes, it is.3) The _ month of the year is August.4) I have read this book twice. I am now reading it for the _ time.5) The _ World War ended in 1945.6) Look at this word: GIRL. The _ letter is “ L”.7) The peace talks continued for four whole days. On the morning of the _ day, they broke down.8) She has failed five times. I think she will try the _ time.9) Mr Li is now fifty-four years old. He will retire on his _ birthday next month.10) A capital is used for the _ letter in every sentence.B 拓展用法（1）当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。1 1/2 hours 一个半小时（读作 one and a half hours）2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米（读作two and three-fourths meters）4/5 meter 五分之四米5/6 inch 六分之五英寸（2）表示“n次方”的说法：指数用序数词，底数用基数词。10的7次方 the seventh power of ten（ten to the seventh power）6的10次方 the tenth power of six（six to the tenth power）（3）小数用基数词来表示，以小数点为界，小数点左首的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右首的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读；小数点读作 point，o读作 zero或oou，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读。0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四10.23 ten point two three 十点二三25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七l.03 one point o three 一点零三（4）当数字值大于1时，小数后面的名词用复数，数字值小于1时，小数后面的名词用单数。1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨l.5 tons 一点五吨巩固提升：1、 将下列数字写成英语：（1） 625 （2） 8，961 （3）10，000 （4.）20，405 （5） 1/3 （6）5/6 （7）65 （8）1.25 二、选择填空。1March is _month of a year A a three B the third C a third2We will have a meeting at 8:05（读出这个时刻）_ Afive to eight Beight five Ceight o five3Eight plus eight is_. Asixteen Bsixty-four Cone4He is an _boy Aeight years Beight-year-old Ceight-years-old5We will have a_ walk Aten minutes Bten minutes Cten-minutes6The wall is_.Afour meters longBfour meter longCfour-meter long7Whats the date today? Its_AMarch the eightBMarch eighthCeight，March8It happened in the 1040s（读出in the 1040s ）_A in the forties of the eleventh centuryB in the forties of the tenth centuryC in the forty9About_ of the earths surface is covered with water.A. three-foursB. three-fourthC. three-fourths10. He went down to the village which was_ miles away from the city.A. three hundreds B. three hundredC. three hundreds of拓展练习：一单项选择( ) 1. There are many people downstairs. What do you think _? A. to happen B. happening C. is happened D. happened( ) 2. -Excuse me, is this Xiao Lis office? -Im sorry, but he _ works here. A. doesnt B. wont C. no longer D. no more( ) 3. We had a party _ having class last Friday.A. instead B. instead of C. but D. still( ) 4. If I _ free next Sunday, I _ to the farm with you. A. will be; will goB. am, will go C. am, go D. will be, go( ) 5. Dont worry. She can look after your pet _.A. careful enough B. enough careful C. carefully enough D. enough carefully( ) 6. -Dont you think his radio is too noisy? -_.Lets ask him to turn it down. A. Yes, I do B. Yes, I dont C. No, I do D. No, I dont( ) 7. Can you _? A. play the chess B. play chess C. play cheeses D. plays chess( ) 8. There is _ milk in the bottle. A. a little B. a few C. many D. few( ) 9. The _ question is much more difficult than this one. A. sixth B. six C. sixteen D. sixty( ) 10. June is the _ month of a year. A. six B. sixth C. seven D. seventh二语法选择。 Mr Ken is a clever and brave man. He works _11_ a detective. He hopes _12_ the innocentt _13_ find the guilty. One day, he invited his friend Jill _14_ a film. They arranged to meet outside the cinema. After work, Ken went to the cinema _15_ underground. But he was still late. Jill was angry with him and refused _16_ to him. So Ken went to buy some chocolate to make her happy. On their way home from the cinema, _17_ happened to them. A young man was walking after a woman. A moment later, Ken noticed the man _18_ the womans money from her handbag. So he went up and caught the man, but the man denied _19_ that. He said the money was his but not _20_ . The woman told Ken that there was some ink on several one-hundred notes. At last, the police came and took the man away.( )11. A out B. as C. like D. for( )12. A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected( )13. A. as well B. as well as C. as good as D. as ( )14. A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see( )15. A. to B. in C. by D. with( )16. A. speaking B. speak C. to speak D. spoke( )17. A. something unusual B. unusual something C. anything unusual D. unusual anything( )18. A. steals B. stealing C. stole D. to steal( )19. A. doing B. did C. does D. to do( )20. A. she B. her C. shes D. hers三. 完形填空Long long ago, there was a great king with three sons. The oldest son was strong. The middle son was clever. The _1_ son was not strong and not clever. However, he was _2_.One summer, the three brothers went for a _3_. They travelled around the world. One day, they saw a large anthill(蚁巢). The strong brother wanted to _4_the anthill, the clever brother agreed with him, but the kind brother _5_ his brothers from doing it.The next morning, the three brothers met a _6_ wizard(巫师), and the wizard asked them to find a thousand pearls in the forest in one day. If they cant do that, the wizard would _7_ them to an animals. The three brothers searched all day, but they found only two hundred pearls. The kind brother began to cry._8_, the queen of the ants _9_ with a hundred thousand ants. They helped them find enough _10_.“You are successful,” said the wizard. “You are successful not because you are strong or clever, but because you were kind to the ants.”( )21. A. youngest B. smallest C. last D. least( )22. A. honest B. crazy C. popular D. kind ( )23. A. visit B. shopping C. trip D. mountain ( )24. A. destroy B. kill C. eat D. cover ( )25. A. allowed B. stopped C. saw D. let ( )26. A. kind B. gentle C. magic D. beautiful ( )27. A. take B. bring C. make D. turn ( )28. A. Specially B. Worstly C. Probably D. Suddenly ( )29. A. appeared B. discovered C. left D. went ( )30. A. anthills B. pearls C. animals D. food 四阅读理解. (A)Thousands of years ago, there was a king called Solomon. Once there were two women, They lived in the same house and they each had a baby. One night one of the babies died, and its mother stole the other womans child, and put it in her own bed.The next morning they had a quarrel. “ No, this is my child. The dead one is yours,” said the mother. Each one wanted the living baby. So they went to see King Solomon.When King Solomon heard their story, he said, “Bring me a knife. Cut the child in two, and give each woman one half.”“Thats very fair. What a clever King you are!” said the dead babys mother.“Give her my child , let it be hers, but dont kill the child. Oh, King!” cried the other woman in tears.The King Solomon pointed to the woman in tears and said, “Give the child to her, because she is the mother.”( ) 31. Once two women lived together and _. A. each of them had a baby B. one of the women had two babies C. they had no child D. they had a child( ) 32. They went to see King Solomon to _.A. let the King cut the living baby in halfB. make friends with each otherC. have a quarrel before the KingD. let the King judge who was the living babys mother( ) 33. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The dead babys mother asked King Solomon not to kill the child.B. Each woman wanted the dead baby.C. The two women had a quarrel before they went to see King Solomon.D. The story took place a thousand years ago.( ) 34. What did King Solomon do with the baby after he heard their story?A. He cut the baby in two pieces and give each woman one half.B. He didnt do anything.C. He told the two women to share the baby together.D. He played a trick to find out who was the living babys mother.( ) 35. From the story we can know that the King Solomon was _. A. stupid B. clever C. terrible D. bad(B)Americans buy more bottled water than any other nation in the world. 29 billion bottles of water are drunk each year. It takes 17 million barrels of crude oil to make these bottles. Thats enough oil to keep a million cars going for twelve months.So why dont more people drink water from the tap（水龙头） in the kitchen? Some people drink bottled water because they think it is better for them than water out of the tap, but thats not true. In the United States, the government makes sure water from the tap is safe.People love bottled water because it is convenient（方便的） to take with them. But maybe if they understand the problems it makes, they will try drinking from a glass at home or carrying water in a reusable bottle instead of a plastic one. Although plastic water bottles can be turned into some other useful things, only a small number of them are reused. The rest are taken away in rubbish trucks, or even worse, they end up as rubbish on the land and in rivers, lakes, and the ocean. Plasti