第十一章 法律英语长句的翻译(课堂讲练).doc

第十一章 法律英语长句的翻译（课堂讲练）教学目标：掌握法律英语长句常用翻译的步骤以及技巧。课堂讲练一、 概述例句：1、Party B hereby unconditionally and irrevocably instructs Party A and confirms the following matters that, subject to the stipulations of this Agreement and the Credit Agreement for Goods Sale, Party A shall make the loan to Party B on the date of its receipt of the Shipment Notice sent from Party C or on the immediately following day thereof pursuant to the corresponding price of the Goods specified in such Shipment Notice.参考译文：乙方在此无条件地、不可撤销地指示甲方并确认以下事实：甲方应根据本协议和货物销售信贷协议中的约定，在收到丙方发出的装运通知之日（或次日），按该装运通知列明的货物对应价款向乙方发放贷款。2、除甲方书面同意外，不得将货物以任何方式转移、运输或存放在甲方指定的场所以外或处于乙方的实际控制之外，否则，乙方应于该事项发生的当日（最迟下个工作日）将该等货物的价款支付到甲方指定账户，作为向甲方归还的部分或全部贷款本金。参考译文：Unless otherwise consented in writing by Party A, the Goods shall not be removed, transferred, or stored outside the place designated by Party A or be out of Party Bs physical control. In case of the occurrence thereof, Party B shall make payments for the Goods into the account designated by Party A as the repayment in full or in part of the principal of the loan on the same day or on or before the immediately following working day. 法律英语翻译中难度最大的是对其长句进行翻译，法律英语长句，不仅指其具有其他英语文本中句子难以比拟的长度，更指其句式结构异常复杂，在主干句上分支出较多从句和修饰语，后者可能也有从句或修饰成分依附其上，包含的内容层次在一个以上。原因之一，在于英语本身“形合”特征，即能够凭借关联词，如关系代词或关系副词、连词、介词等，连接主句与其他附属成分，形成复合句，各个成分之间通过关联词连接并表明逻辑关系，这就使得长句的出现成为可能。原因之二，在于法律文本作者总是竭力通过结构复杂的长句尽可能表达清晰完整的法律意念，从而达到弥补可能的漏洞或避免可能存在的歧义的目的，这使得法律英语长句的出现在某种程度上成为必要。这就给法律翻译者造成困惑和负担，以致能否正确翻译长句，成为法律翻译成败与否的重要因素。 对于长句的翻译，在步骤上，第一步是化整为零，即理解并解构原句，在理解之后，对法律英语长句进行句法分析，目的在于分清该长句的结构脉络，认清主句、各修饰成分以及主句、各修饰成分之间的逻辑关系；第二步，初步翻译，即从基本单位做起，将各主要成分先行译出，从小到大，由简入繁，直到形成完整的汉语意义；最后是整合，即使用顺译、逆译等技巧，按照汉语逻辑顺序整合第二步得出的翻译，从而形成符合汉语表达习惯的译文，一般而言，在英译汉的整合过程中，通常应首先考虑将枝节，即附属成分的译文在全句的位置，其次是该附属成分修饰的主要成分，归纳起来，可称为“英译汉，先枝节，再主干”，而汉译英整合的过程则相反，应首先考虑主干的英译以及位置，再在其前后放置附属成分，可称为“汉译英，先主干，后枝节“。二、 长句翻译步骤例1、1)、If the Respondent applies to the court for it to consider the Respondents financial position after the divorce, the decree nisi cannot be made absolute unless the court is satisfied that the Petitioner had made or will make proper financial provision for the Respondent, or else that the Petitioner should not be required to make any financial provision for the Respondent.按照前面讲到的长句翻译步骤，试以该句为例进行实践。首先，化整为零，即理解并解构原句。该句的主句应为：The decree nisi cannot be made absolute.暂准离婚判决不得变为绝对离婚判决（说明：此处的“decree nisi”，又叫离婚诉讼中的中期判决，与绝对或最终离婚判决相对，指虽然判决离婚，但是有3个月期限，在期限内如果没有异议，该中期判决就成为绝对离婚判决，即“decree absolute”）。该句的从句有两个，且均为条件从句：1、1）、If the Respondent applies to the court for it to consider the Respondents financial position after the divorce.如果答辩人（被告）向法庭申请考虑其离婚后的经济状况。1、2）、unless the court is satisfied that-除非法庭信纳-在1、2）、的从句中，又有两个从句，由连词“that“引导：1、2、1）、The Petitioner had made or will make proper financial provision for the Respondent.呈请人已经或者将会为答辩人提供适当的经济援助。1、2、2）、The Petitioner should not be required to make any financial provision for the Respondent.呈请人无须为答辩人提供任何经济援助。其次，进行初步翻译，即按照原文的逻辑，将其译为汉语。如答辩人向法庭申请考虑其离婚后的经济状况，暂准离婚判决不得变为绝对离婚判决，除非法庭信纳，呈请人已经或者将会为答辩人提供适当的经济援助，或者呈请人无须为答辩人提供任何经济援助。最后进行整合，形成符合汉语表达习惯的译文：如答辩人向法庭申请，要求法庭考虑其离婚后的经济状况，除非法庭认为呈请人已经或者将会为答辩人提供适当的经济援助，或者呈请人无须为答辩人提供任何经济援助，否则不得将暂准离婚判决正式确定为绝对离婚判决。2）、Subject to the provisions of this Ordinance, it shall not be lawful for any person to use, or to permit any other person to use, a motor vehicle on a road unless there is in force in relation to the use of the vehicle by that person or that other person, as the case maybe, such a policy of insurance or such a security in respect of third party risks as complies with the requirements of this Ordinance.首先，化整为零，即理解并解构原句。该句的主句应为：2、It shall not be lawful for any person to use, or to permit any other person to use, a motor vehicle on a road .任何人在道路上使用、致使他人使用或准许他人使用汽车，都不合法。该句的附属成分均表示条件，即：2、1）、Subject to the provisions of this Ordinance.依据本条例规定.2、2）、unless there is in force in relation to the use of the vehicle by that person or that other person, as the case maybe, such a policy of insurance or such a security in respect of third party risks as complies with the requirements of this Ordinance.2、2）、从句可以分解为There is in force such a policy of insurance in respect of third party risks as complies with the requirements of this Ordinance.已备有符合本条例规定的有效的第三者风险保险单。对于该风险保险单或风险保证单为谁发出，该从句又有修饰成分：2、2、1）、In relation to the use of the vehicle by that person or that other person.就该人或该他人使用车辆/对车辆的使用。在该修饰成分当中，还能找到对by that person or that other person.的修饰，即：2、2、1、1）、As the case maybe.视情况而定。对于风险保险单或风险保证单，也有修饰成分：2、2、2）、as complies with the requirements of this Ordinance.符合本条例规定。其次，进行初步翻译，即按照原文的逻辑，将其译为汉语。依据本条例规定，任何人在道路上使用、致使他人使用或准许他人使用汽车，都不合法，除非就该人或该他人，视情况而定，使用汽车，已经备有一份符合本条例规定的有效的第三者风险保险单或保证单。最后，整合组码，形成符合汉语表达习惯的译文：依据本条例规定，任何人在道路上使用或准许他人使用汽车，除非就该使用人或该他人（视情况而定）使用该汽车已备有一份符合本条例规定的有效的第三者风险保险单，否则均属违法。三、 长句翻译技巧1、 顺译。长句的翻译技巧，主要体现在翻译最后的整合组码过程，在各种翻译中，应首先采取顺译法，即按照英语长句原有的成分排列顺序转换成结构大体相同的汉语句子，避免随意改变原句结构，如果采用顺译方法，造成汉语句子意义含混不清或者难以理解，才使用其他方法。例2、1）、Party B hereby unconditionally and irrevocably instructs Party A and confirms the following matters that Party A shall， subject to the stipulations of this Agreement and the Credit Agreement for Goods Sale, make the loan to Party B on the date of its receipt of the Shipment Notice sent from Party C or on the immediately following day thereof pursuant to the corresponding price of the Goods specified in such Shipment Notice.首先，化整为零，即理解并解构原句。该句的主句应为：1、Party B instructs Party A and confirms the following matters that Party A shall make the loan to Party B.乙方指示甲方并确认以下事项，甲方应向乙方提供贷款。主句的附属成分有：1、1）、方式状语：hereby unconditionally and irrevocably.在在此无条件地、不可撤销地。1、2）、定语，修饰matters：following1、3）、定语从句，修饰“make the loan“：subject to the stipulations of this Agreement and the Credit Agreement for Goods Sale.1、4）、时间状语：on the date of its receipt of the Shipment Notice sent from Party C or on the immediately following day thereof. 对此从句还可进行成分细分，即“sent from Party C“作为后置定语，修饰” the Shipment Notice“。1、5）、方式状语，修饰“make the loan“：pursuant to the corresponding price of the Goods specified in such Shipment Notice.其次，进行初步翻译，即按照原文的逻辑，将其译为汉语。乙方在此无条件地、不可撤销地指示甲方并确认以下事项，甲方应根据本协议和货物销售信贷协议中的约定，在收到丙方发出的装运通知之日（或次日），按该装运通知列明的货物对应价款向乙方发放贷款。从该句翻译可以看出，英语原句的逻辑与汉语大同小异，此时，应该“依法炮制“，按照原句的顺序顺译即可。）、If Party A , after having been bound to transfer any shares pursuant to the provisions of this Clause to Party B or a third party, fails or refuses to do so, the Company Secretary or any other person appointed by the Board shall be deemed to have been irrevocably authorized by Party A, with full power，to execute, complete and deliver, in the name and on behalf of Party A, transfers of the shares to the purchaser, against payment of the purchase price therefor to the Company, and the Board may then register the purchaser or its nominee as holder of the Shares and issue to the purchaser or its nominee a certificate of the same, and thereupon, Party A shall been bound to deliver up the certificate for the Shares, and upon such delivery, shall be entitled to receive the purchase price therefor without interest.首先，化整为零，即理解并解构原句。（注意：“Company Secretary”在国外公司中通常被赋予较大的全力，Company Secretary, as companys chief administrative officer, is in charge of accounting and finance duties, personnel administration and compliance with employment laws and regulations, security of documentation, insurance and intellectual property rights.即有权处理行政、财务以及法律事务）。该句的主句应为个并列句，由“and“连接：）、The Company Secretary or any other person shall be deemed to have been irrevocably authorized to execute, complete and deliver transfers of the shares to the purchaser公司秘书或其他人应被视为获得不可撤消授权，履行、完成对购买方的股份转让并向购买方交付转让的股份。）、the Board may then register the purchaser or its nominee as holder of the Shares and issue to the purchaser or its nominee a certificate of the same董事会将购买方或其指定人登记为股份持有人，并向该购买方或其指定人签发股权证明）、Party A shall been bound to deliver up the certificate for the Shares，shall be entitled to receive the purchase price therefor without interest.甲方有义务交付股权证，有权利获得不计利息的购买价款。整个主句的修饰成分：、）、If Party A , after having been bound to transfer any shares pursuant to the provisions of this Clause to Party B or a third party, fails or refuses to do so如果甲方有义务依据本条款规定向乙方或第三方转让股份，却没有或拒绝转让。在从句中，又有分词短语作为时间状语从句（也可理解为条件状语）修饰：、）、after having been bound to transfer any shares pursuant to the provisions of this Claus。有义务依据本条款规定向乙方或第三方转让股份。在三个主句里，也有修饰成分，以第一个主句为例：、）、后置定语，修饰 any other person：appointed by the Board、）、方式状语，修饰to execute：with full power、）、方式状语，修饰to execute：in the name and on behalf of Party A、）、方式状语，修饰to execute：against payment of the purchase price therefor to the Company其次，进行初步翻译，即按照原文的逻辑，将其译为汉语。如果甲方有义务依据本条款规定向乙方或第三方转让股份，却没有或拒绝转让，公司秘书或董事会委派的任何其他人，应被视为获得甲方不可撤消授权，在购买人向公司支付购买价款后，以甲方名义并且代表甲方，全权履行、完成对购买方的股份转让并向购买方交付转让的股份，其后，董事会会将购买方或其指定人登记为股份持有人，并向该购买方或其指定人签发股权证明，据此，甲方有义务交付股权证，交付后，即有权获得不计利息的购买价款。3）、除甲方书面同意外，不得将货物以任何方式转移、运输或存放在甲方指定的场所以外或处于乙方的实际控制之外，否则，乙方应于该事项发生的当日（最迟下个工作日）将该等货物的价款支付到甲方指定账户，作为向甲方归还的部分或全部贷款本金。参考译文：Unless otherwise consented in writing by Party A, the Goods shall not be removed, transferred, or stored outside the place designated by Party A or be out of Party Bs physical control. In case of the occurrence thereof, Party B shall make payments for the Goods into the account designated by Party A as the repayment in full or in part of the principal of the loan on the same day or on or before the immediately following working day.可见，汉译英中，如果原有的成分排列顺序与翻译后的相差不大，则无须进行整合，按照顺译方法翻译出来即可。、逆译英汉语言在逻辑顺序上有一定差异，如英语习惯先陈述结果，将句子重心前置