开放英语i(2)课件

Unit 19 Talking About the Past,规则动词的过去式一般过去时的否定式一般过去时的疑问式与简略回答,规则动词的过去式,1)to ask-He asked me a question.2)to arrive-They arrived late for every meeting.3)to trip-Franco tripped.4)to try-He tried a few times.5)to play-He played the piano in the class.,一般过去时的否定式,一般过去时的否定式和一般现在时一样，是由助动词do的过去式did及其否定形式did not 或者didnt构成的：did+not+动词原形I did not (didnt) like swimming when I was a child.He was not (wasnt) late. She couldnt come to the party.,一般过去时疑问式与简略回答,Did +主语+动词原形Did you go swimming yesterday?Yes, I did. No, I didnt.,Useful Phrases,1 get up 起床2 help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人3 in fact事实上4 enjoy oneself 过得快乐5 turn up 出现6 trip over 绊倒7 help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事8 as well as 也9 grow up 成长10 some time 将来某时，改天,Unit 20 Out in the Evening,不定代词anything,something 和nothing的用法连词although,but和because的用法用 very 和 really 修饰形容词,不定代词,anything,something 和nothing的用法一般来讲，something和nothing 常用于肯定句，而anything则用于否定句。Ive got nothing to do. 我没事可做。I havent got anything to do either.我也没事做。,Language Focus,形容词修饰anything,something和 nothing等不定代词应放在其后面I dont want to watch anything sad. 我不想看任何伤感的东西。Do you have anything important to say?,连词although,but和because的用法,Although,but because都可以用来连接两个分句，但所表达的意思不一样。Although表达的是“虽然，但是”的意思，但在英语中不能和but 同时使用。Although the plot is weak, the action is really fantastic.由but 开头的句子一般放在后面。,连词although,but和because的用法,如果although 或because用在句首则需用逗号将两个分句隔开。Although he is very old, he works hard.Because it was late, they did not go to the film.,Very 和really的用法（1）,用 very 和 really 修饰形容词 very 和 really 作为副词修饰形容词，起到强调形容词的作用。Really的语气比 very要强，而且几乎可以和所有的形容词搭配使用；very 能够修饰大多数形容词，但不能和表示极限的形容词搭配使用。,Very 和really的用法（2）,Very 和really都可以修饰级别形容词A very good job(a really good job)极限形容词只能和really搭配,不能用very修饰极限形容词：amazing,fantastic,perfect,excellentA really excellent idea,Unit 21 The Music Scene,短语动词动词to return 和 to give back 的用法动词to rent 和 to hire 的用法,短语动词,短语动词是指动词和小品词（介词或副词）组成的固定结构。to come acrossHe came across the violin.to bring backHe brought the violin back.,短语动词的词序,名词作短语动词的宾语时，有的位于整个短语动词之后，有的既可位于动词之后也可以位于整个短语动词之后。He came across a violin.She picked up the book.短语动词的宾语是代词时，一般紧跟动词之后。He brought the violin back. He brought back the violin.但需用He brought it back.,Unit 22 Sport,动词Play,go和 do与运动项目的搭配使用表示频度的词语形容词的比较级和最高级动词V+-ing结构副词的种类现在完成时,表示频度的词语,这些词按照频繁程度依次为：Never occasionally sometimes often usually always在句子中频度副词一般放在行为动词之前动词宾语之后或句首I sometimes go swimming on Tuesday.Occasionally I go jogging.I play cards occasionally during the week.,形容词的比较级和最高级,形容词的比较级用于两者之间的对比，一般用形容词的比较级+than 的结构；形容词的最高级用于两者以上的的比较，常用定冠词the+形容词的最高级的形式；,形容词比较级和最高级的构成,1）单音节词和部分双音节词在词尾加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级richricherrichestFastfaster-fastest2)多音节词（含大部分双音节形容词）在原级前加 more 和most构成比较级和最高级,形容词比较级和最高级的构成,dangerousmore dangerous most dangerous3)不规则变化特殊记忆goodbetterbestbadworseworstMany/muchmore-most,动词V+-ing结构,动词V+-ing结构英语中有些动词后面可以接动词的-ing形式(like/love/stop/finish/consider/start)They stopped playing when it rained. 下雨时他们停止了玩耍。,动词Play,go和 do与运动项目的搭配使用,动词Play,go和 do与运动项目的搭配使用Play一般与球类运动使用Go 与涉及身体移动的体育活动搭配使用Do 用来询问他人参加何种体育运动,副词的种类,1 时间副词 already,still,now,today2 地点副词 downstairs,around,here3 程度副词 really,very,just,too4 频度副词 ever,often,sometimes5 方式副词 slowly,quickly,well,badly,副词的种类 1 时间副词,1 时间副词，尤其是表示具体时间的副词，一般放在句首或句尾。Tomorrow I am going to the doctors.明天我要去看医生。,副词的种类 2 地点副词,2 地点副词通常置于句尾。She went upstairs.她上楼去了。He will go abroad.他要出国。,副词的种类 3 程度副词,3 程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词之前。They walked very fast.It was a really bad day.,副词的种类 4 频度副词,4 频度副词一般放在行为动词之前，动词宾语之后或句首。I always have coffee for breakfast.早餐我总喝咖啡。Occasionally I have tea in the morning.上午我有时喝茶。,副词的种类 5 方式副词,5 方式副词一般放在动词（动词+宾语）之后。He put on his coat quickly.他快速地穿上外套。,Language Focus,Play一般与球类运动使用Play football/basketballPlay gamePlay cards(纸牌)Play chess(国际象棋),Go的用法,Go 与涉及身体移动的体育活动搭配使用,通常为go+doing的形式go running/jogging/swimming/rowing,Do的用法,Do 用来询问他人参加何种体育运动Which sports do you do?Do gymnastics/Tai Chi(太极拳）/KungFu(中国武术)I do the high jump.(跳高),现在完成时的构成:,have(has)+过去分词I have seen this film.He has seen this film.,现在完成时的否定式：,have(has)+ not +过去分词I havent seen this film.He hasnt seen this film.,现在完成时的一般疑问句形式：,have(has)+ 主语+过去分词Have you seen this film?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he seen this film?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.,Unit 23 Clothes,In this unit you1 Learn how to use several adjectives together in the same sentence;2 learn how to use possessive pronouns,Language Focus,too和 not enough的用法Too “ 太，过分” not enough “不够”These shoes are too big.These shoes arent big enough.,物主代词,形容词性物主代词MyYourHisHerIts OurYourTheir,名词性物主代词MineYoursHisHersItsOursYoursTheirs,物主代词,名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词This is my book. This is mine.My book is on the desk.Mine is one the desk.,Unit 25 Planning a Business Trip,In this unit youLearn how to use have/get something done动词request 和 ask 的用法表达请求的不同方式,Language Focus,have/get something done使人或安排人做某事Ive had the first page simplified.第一页我已经让人简化了。,Language Focus,主语+have/get+宾语+过去分词，其中，动词have 和get可以用不同的时态。I must get some slides made.我必须（让人）做一些幻灯片。I am having the TV repaired tomorrow.,动词request 和 ask 的用法,动词ask表示“要求，请求”To ask+for somethingTo ask +somebody+for somethingTo ask +somebody+to do something,Language Focus,Ask还可以用来表示“询问”To ask(+somebody)+about somethingRequest表示“要求，请求”时，比ask显得更正式一些。To request +something,Language Focus,表达请求的不同方式: 动词please 常与can 和could一起使用,could 比can显得更礼貌一些。Can you pick up the tickets tomorrow afternoon,please?Please could you pick up the tickets for Paris?,Unit 26,In this unit you Learn to use by,until,after,before,whileLearn to use modal verbsIn spite of的用法Learn to use anything,any one/anybody,anywhere,etc.;Learn prepositions showing movement,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,现在完成时用来表示过去的经历或 过去的动作或事情对现在和将来的影响或所产生的结果，着眼点在现在。Shes collected my visa(so I dont have to worry about that any more.),By 和 until/till的用法,By 和 until/till都可以与表示时间的词或词组搭配使用，但意思有所不同。By表示“不晚于,在之前”，而until/till 则表示“到为止”Ill finish them by 12.30.We need to be at the airport by 6.00oclock.,Until常与否定句连用。,Im in a meeting until 1.00.我开会开到一点钟。notuntil “直到才”I cant go until this evening.我到今晚才能走。,To tell 的用法,动词To tell 的用法和to ask 很相似,后面可以接不定式，用于ask/tell sb (not) to do sth结构。Ill ask her to book one.I”ve told her not to worry about that.,To tell 的用法,To tell 后面可以接双宾语，即tell sh sth,He told her about the trip.He told me a long story.To tell还可以用来转述他人的话，引导间接引语“I want a meeting”.I told him (that) I wanted a meeting.,情态动词,Can,could,may,might,must都是情态动词。情态动词可以表示推测，He could be at home.他可能在家。（表示有可能。）She cant be a teacher.她不可能是老师。（语气很肯定）,情态动词+现在完成时,(must,should,could+have+过去分词表示对过去事情的推测。Could have done表示推测，但发生的 可能性很小，也可以表示过去能做而没有做的事，有一种对过去未付诸实施的惋惜之情；They could have left it in a shop.他们可能将它丢在了商店里。,Must have done,表示对过去行为的推测，具有较大的可能性，一般译为“一定,想必”He must have left it in the caf.他一定是将它丢在了咖啡馆里。,Should have done,Should have done表示应该做的事而没有做。She should have put it in my bag.她本应将它放在包里的。,Before,after 和while的用法,连词before,after 和while可以用于引导时间状语从句，说明主句和从句中动作的先后关系。Before “在之前”After“在 之后” While“当时候”Before she went on the river, she visited the cathedral.,Before,after 和while的用法,当主语和从句的主语一致时Before,after 和while后面也可以直接接动词-ing 形式Before embarking they had a coffee.登机前他们喝了咖啡。Before going on the river she visited the cathedral.在到河上游览前他参观了大教堂。,In spite of的用法,In spite of+名词=although+句子“尽管”在句子中作状语In spite of the rain, she liked the trip.Although it rained, she liked the trip.尽管下雨了，她还是很喜欢那次旅行。,时间表示法,表示时间的方法很多，可以直接用表示时间的名词或名词词组，tomorrow morning,the day after tomorrow, the next day.We are meeting on Wednesday week.（下周三）She came here and left the next day.（第二天）,表示移动的介词,英语中有些介词表示动作的移动方向，He walked towards the door. 他朝门这边走来。She walked across the road.她穿过了马路。They had a walk through the fields.他们在田野中穿行。,Unit 27,In this unit you Learn how to use take after,look like, be like,To take after,to look like,To take after（与家中年长的人性格，长相）像I take after my grandma. We both have blond hair and blue eyes.He takes after his father. They are both very musical.,To look like, to be like,To look like（外表）长得像She looks like her mum. They have the same eyes.She looks like her Aunty Mary.To be like,To be like,To be like（性格或行为上）像He is like his dad. Hes an optimist.（他像他爸爸，是个乐观主义者。）Hes like his mother, always rushing around.（他很像他妈妈，总是忙来忙去。）,带有if 的真实条件句,带有if 的真实条件句表示可能的条件及其可能带来的 结果。其结构为：If从句（表示条件）用现在时，主句（表示结果）用将来时。If I buy it, the restaurant will be twice the size.If I leave,Ill be much happier.,带有if 的真实条件句,在这种句子中， 从句既可以位于句首，也可以位于句尾。位于句首是，需要用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾是不用逗号。If I do it, you wont be able to come here. You wont be able to come here if I do it.,Unit 28 The Wedding,In this unit youUse the present perfect,现在完成时的用法,表示过去发生的动作，事情或经历对现在的影响或产生的结果。（1）事情发生在过去，但着眼点在现在：I”ve loaded the van.我已经在货车上装了货。（现在 货已在车上）,现在完成时的用法,（2） 过去的经历对现在的影响：I”ve played table tennis a lot.我常打网球。（对现在的影响是网球可能打得很好。）,现在完成时的用法,与ever和never连用常用语现在完成时的问句中，常放在过去分词的前面。Have you ever been to Mexico?你去过墨西哥吗？Iv never been to Mexico.我从没去过墨西哥。,Have been和have gone,Have been表示“去过某地, 现在已经不在那儿，回来了”Have gone 则表示“去了某地，现在还在那儿，没有回来”Xiaoyans been to Paris.（已经回来了）Xiaoyans gone to Paris.（现在在巴黎）,现在完成时连用的副词,英语中有些副词常与现在完成时连用，表明过去发生的动作，事情或经历与现在的关系。Ever,never,just,jet alreadyEver 和neverEver “曾经”，用于疑问句Have you ever been to South America?Never “从不”，用于否定句No, Ive never been there.,Just, yet, already的用法,Just“刚刚”，强调刚过去的动作或事情对现在的影响，常放在have/has与动词过去分词之间。Ive just looked at the list.Ive just spoken to the caterers.,yet,Yet表示到目前为止，某件计划中要做的事情还没有做。通常放在句末。用于现在完成时的疑问句或否定句中。There are a few things that they have not done yet.Have we booked the photographer yet ?,already,Already表示“已经”， 长用于肯定句中，放在助动词have/has与动词过去分词之间，但也可以放在句尾。Do you want to see the film?Ive seen it already./Ive already seen it.,Unit 29 A weekend Trip,In this unit youLearn how to describe geographical locationReview giving advice,描述方位,1 一个地方在另一个 地方的东，南，西，北方向，可以用east/south/west/north of来表示。Cambridge is north of London.Chengdu is northwest of Chongqing.,描述方位,1 一个地方在另一个 地方范围内的某个方位，则用 in the east/south/west/north of来表示。Blackpool is in the northwest of England.Kunming is in the sounthwest of China.,描述方位,在某条河或者海岸先上，用介词onGlasgow is on the River Clyde.表示两地之间的距离用：数词+距离单位(miles,kilometres)+ fromLiverpool is 30 miles from Manchester. Beijing is 1200 kilometers from Shanghai.,提出建议（1）,下面这些结构可以用来提出建议：1 Why not go to2 How about visiting?3 Why dont you go to?4 What about going to?5 You should visit,提出建议（2）,“If I were you, Id(would)+动词原形”用来提供建议，语气较委婉If I were you, Id go to Stratford.如果我是你，我就回去特拉福德。 If I were you, I would live in the country.如果我是你，我就去乡下居住。,过去进行时的构成及用法,“主语+助动词be的过去式(was,were)+动词的现在分词”I was driving at 4 oclock yesterday.The class was going on when I came in.,过去进行时的构成及用法,过去进行时和一般过去时连用某事正在进行的过程中，发生了别的事情时，往往前者用过去进行时，后者用一般过去时I was driving along the motorway when my car broke down.我正在高速上行驶着，突然车坏了。,过去进行时和一般过去时,过去进行时和一般过去时连用时，前后两个句子可以用when,while,as 或and等连接。I was driving along the motorway and I heard a funny noise.While I was waiting for the mechanic,I phoned the guesthouse.,过去进行时和一般过去时,注意：这些句子中的主从句的位置是可以变化 的。如果从句在后面，则不需要用逗号隔开。Someone stole my wallet as I was having a cup of tea.The car broke down when I was sitting in a traffic jam.,过去进行时和一般过去时,如果两件事情前后相继发生，而不是一件在另一件的过程中发生，则二者都用一般过去时。I finished work and then I went to the theatre.I spoke to Jack and left for work.,Unit 30 Review,In this unit youRevise the language that has been studied in Units 25-29;Assess yourself on Units 25-29.,31 A new Job,In this unitLearn and practise vocabulary relating to jobs and workUse prepositions with verbs,nouns and adjective,动词worry 的用法,To be worried + about “担心”Polly is worried about her lack of experience.Polly担心自己缺乏经验。Dont worry about me. Im fine, thanks.别为我担心，我挺好，谢谢。,to worry +直接宾语“使烦恼”,This problem worries me a lot.这个问题让我很烦。He worries me a lot-hes always in trouble.他让我挺操心，因为他总是遇到麻烦。Relax. Dont let it worry you.放松些，别为这些烦恼。,Unit 32 Things Go Wrong,In this unit you,动词不定式表示目的,动词原形前家加动词不定式符号to构成动词不定式，如to hire,to add都可以用来表示目的，相当于in order to(为了)I went to Paris to discuss the changes.We need someone to do the work.,下面两种方式也可以用来表示目的：,下面两种方式也可以用来表示目的：Enough + 名词+to+动词Enough + 名词+for+名词 We have enough money to make changes.,被动语态的用法,英语中有两种语态。主动语态指句子是谓语动作的执行者，而在被动语态中，主语往往是谓语动作的实施对象。The cleaner cleans this room every day. This room is cleaned every day.He stole the laptop. The laptop was stolen.,被动语态的构成：,主语+助动词be的各种时态形式+过去分词+(by)施动者（by引出施动者，即动作的发出者）The police have been phoned.This room is cleaned every day by Mary.,See sb doing sth和see sb do sth,See sb doing sth “看见某人正在做某事”I saw him loading the van.（我看见他正在装车。）“看见某人正在做某事，看见的只是动作的一部分，而不是全过程。”To see sb do sth看见某人做某事的全过程,to see sb do sth,I saw him loading the van.（我看见他装车了。）同样的动词有：feel,watch,hear,listen to,observe等感官动词。有时，使用-ing形式和动词原形的意思区别不大。,Instead 的用法,Instead可以用来代替句子中的短语或分句，“不是而是”,表示本 应做而没有去做。 Instead of +-ing,直接引语和间接引语,引述某人的 话一般采用两种方式：直接引语：不做任何改动地引用原话，放在引号内。间接引语：用自己的话加以转述，不放在引号内。Tim said, “ I am waiting upstairs.”Tim said (that) he was waiting upstairs.,直接引语和间接引语,直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语中的动词时态，形式，人称代词，时间状语和地点状语往往要有相应的变化。Jim said, I like swimming.” Jim said that he liked swimming.,直接引语和间接引语,间接引语中的人称代词需要做相应的变化。We need evidence. She said they needed evidence.It will give us good evidence. She said it would give them good evidence.,直接引语和间接引语,如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变间接引语时，需将疑问句改为陈述句语序。Susan asked,”How do you like the play?” Susan asked how I liked that play.,直接引语和间接引语,如果直接引语是一般疑问句或表示请求的陈述句，变成间接引语时，需要在引述动词ask后加 if，然后将疑问句改为陈述句语序。Can I talk to Mr Timson?The police officer asked if she could talk to Mr Timson.,祈使句,祈使句表示请求，命令，叮嘱，号召，劝告，建议等，谓语动词用原形。否定形式多以 do not(dont)+动词原形构成。Get out!Dont let it worry you.Dont worry.I”ll soon be all right.,Unit 33 The New Restaurant,In this unit youLearn how to use questiontags,反意疑问句,构成：陈述句及其后面的简略疑问句反意疑问句中，若前一部分为肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；若前一部分为否定式，后一部分一般用肯定式。Its raining, itnt it?It isnt raining, is it?,反意疑问句,反意疑问句 前半部分陈述句中若使用了助动词，情态动词或be 动词时，后半部分先重复这些动词，然后+(not)+主语，构成简略问句。To be:He isnt 16,is he?They were at the match yesterday,werent they?,反意疑问句,To have/has:You have a son,havent you?He has a book,hasnt he?情态动词：You can read his, cant you?You couldnt meet him yesterday,could you?,反意疑问句,助动词Youll(will) be here tomorrow,wont you?You didnt order the cheese,did you?,反意疑问句,如果反意疑问句前半部分肯定句中谓语动词是实意动词，后半部分一般由dont/doesnt（一般现在时）和didnt（一般过去时）加主语构成.We need some salad too,dont we?She ordered the fish,didnt she?,特殊情况的反意疑问句,Lets go to cinema,shall we?Im the next, arent I,虚拟条件句,与现在或将来情况相反虚拟条件句最常用的结构是：If+动词的过去式，主语would(could)+动词原形If I had the money, Id(would) have Italian tiles.（我现在没有钱，所以也每用意大利瓷砖）,间接疑问句,间接疑问句分为间接一般疑问句和间接特殊疑问句。间接一般疑问句用if 或 whether引导，间接特殊疑问句保留原来的疑问词。Is he there?She asked me what I thought of it?He asked me what I thought of it?,间接疑问句,在间接疑问句，原来直接疑问句中的倒装语序改为陈述句语序，即主语+动词的顺序，同时动词时态也应作相应的改变。When will the work be completed?He asked when the work would be completed.,间接疑问句,Are you pleased with it?He asked if Franco was pleased with it?Who is in the restaurant?He asked who was in the r