英汉互译文章原文.doc

J英语09级翻译练习：英译汉1The QuestTaking the train, the two friends arrived in Berlin in late October 1922, and went directly to the address of Chou Enlai. Would this man receive them as fellow countrymen, or would he treat them with cold suspicion and question them cautiously about their past careers as militarists? Chu Teh remembered his age. He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.When Chou En-lais door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent; and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties.Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to ten how he could help them.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tuhsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard? he would do anything he was asked to do but5 return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet.As he talked Chou En-lai stood facing him, his head a little to one side as was his habit, listening intently until the story was told. and then questioning him.When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. When the reply came a few months later they were enrolled as full members, but Chus membership was kept a secret from outsiders.2. How to Grow Old by Bertrand RusscllIn spite of the title, this article will really be on1 how not to grow old, which, at my time of life, is a much more important subject. My first advice would be to choose your ancestors carefully. Although both my parents died young 1 J have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off. A great grandmother of mine; who was a friend of Gibbon, lived to the age of ninety-two, and to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants. My maternal grandmother, after having nine children who survived, one who died in infancy and many miscarriages, as soon as she became a widow devoted herself to womens higher education. She was one of the founders of Girton College, and worked hard at opening the medical profession to women. She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad. She inquired the cause of his melancholy and he said that he had just parted from his two grandchildren. “Good gracious,” she exclaimed, “I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!” “Madre snaturate,” he replied. But speaking as one of the seventy-two, I prefer her recipe. After the age of eighty she found she had some difficulty in getting to sleep, so she habitually spent the hours from midnight to 3 a. m. in reading popular science. I do not believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old. This, I think, is the proper recipe for remaining young. If you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective, you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived, still less of the probable brevity of your future.As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness, 1 eat and drink whatever I like , and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; ones own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and ones mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality. When your chi1dren are grown up they want to live their awn lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but ones interest should be contemplative and. if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings. owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult. 3. How Should One Read a Book?by Virginia WoolfIt is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry we should separate them and take from each what is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it should be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictation to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. The thirty-two chapters of a novel if : consider how to read a novel first are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building: but words are more impalpable than bricks; reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained in the moment.But when you attempt to reconstruct it in words, you will find that it breaks into a thousand conflicting impressions. Some must be subdued, others emphasised; in the process you will lose, probably, all grasp upon the emotion itself. Then turn from your blurred and littered pages to the opening pages of some great novelist Defoe, Jane Austen, Hardy. Now you will be better able to appreciate their mastery is not merely that we are in the presence of a different person Defoe. Jane Austen, or Thomas Hardy but that we are living in a different world. Here, in Robinson Crusoe, we are trudging a plain high road; one thing happens after another; the fact and the order of the fact is enough. But if the open air and adventure mean everything to Defoe they mean nothing to Jane Austen. Hers is the drawing-room, and people talking, and by the many mirrors of their talk revealing their characters. And if, when we have accustomed ourselves to the drawing-room and its reflections, we turn to Hardy, we are once more spun around. The moors are round us and the stars are above our heads. The other side of the mind is now exposed the dark side that comes uppermost in solitude, not the light side that shows in company. Our relations are not towards people, but towards Nature and destiny. Yet different as these worlds are, each is consistent with itself. The maker of each is careful to observe the laws of his own perspective, and however great a strain they may put upon us they will never confuse us, as lesser writers so frequently do, by introducing two different kinds of reality into the same book. Thus to go from one great novelist to another - from Jane Austen to Hardy, from Peacock to Trollope, from Scott to Meredith is to be wrenched and uprooted; to be thrown this way and then that. To read a novel is a difficult and complex art. You must be capable not only of great finesse of perception, but of great boldness of imagination if you are going to make use of all that the novelist the great artist gives you.4. Speech by President Nixon of the United States at Welcoming Banquet 21 February 1972 Mr. Prime Minister and all of your distinguished guests this evening, On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also t02 those who have provided the splendid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land. Mr. Prime Minister, I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks. At this very moment through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other such occasion in the whole history of the world. Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world.As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people. If our two people are enemies the future of this world we share together is dark indeed. But if we can find common ground to work together, the chance for world peace is immeasurably increased.In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences. As we discuss our differences, neither of us will compromise our principles. But while we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.So, let us, in these next five days, start a long march together not in lockstep, but on different roads leading to the same goal, the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation, large or small, has a right to determine its own form of government, free of outside interference or domination. The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. What is the world? In a personal sense, I think of my eldest daughter whose birthday is today. As I think of her, I think of all the children in the world, in Asia, in Africa, in Europe, in the Americas, most of whom were born since the date of the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China.What legacy shall we leave our children? Are they destined to die for the hatreds which have plagued the old world, or are they destined to live because we had the vision to build a new world?There is no reason for us to be enemies. Neither of us seeks the territory of the other; neither of us seeks domination over the other, neither of us seeks to stretch out our hands and rule the world.Chairman Mao has written, “So many deeds cry out to be done, and always urgently; the world roils on, time presses. Ten thousand years are too long, seize the day, seize the hour!”This is the hour. This is the day for our two peoples to rise to the heights of greatness which can build a new and a better world.In that spirit, I ask all of you present to join me in raising your glasses to Chairman Mao, to Prime Minister Chou, and to the friendship of the Chinese and American people which can lead to friendship and peace for all people in the world. 汉译英1孟轲悔过 孟子是我国古代一个大学问家。他姓孟名轲。幼时家境贫穷，生活困难。不幸在他三岁的时候，父亲去世了，母子无依无靠，处境更加艰难。怎么办呢？孟母向人借了一架机抒，靠织布维持生计。盂轲慢慢长大了。但他非常贪玩，不爱读书学习。有一天，还不到放学的时候，他悄悄溜出学堂，题回家来。孟母发现孟轲提前逃学回来，非常生气，她从织布机上站起来，严肃地问儿子：“你又逃学？”孟轲看了看母亲，低下头，说：“念书没意思，我不念了！”孟母一听，气得浑身哆嗦，拿起剪刀，把没有织完的绸子剪断了。 母亲的行动惊呆了孟轲，他睁着惊愕的眼睛，不知如何是好。孟母痛心地指着那一根根丝线，语重心长地说：“你看，这绸子是一根根丝线用力气织起来的。人的学问是一点一滴慢慢积累起来的。你不读书，荒废学业，就如同我剪断了这没织成的一匹绸子一样，是件废品。你不读书，怎么能长大成材呢！” 孟轲听了母亲的话，看着那剪断了的丝绸和伤心的妈妈，心里难过极了。他觉得母亲的话说得有理，自己确实不对，于是惭愧地说： “请母亲原谅我。我错了，今后坚决改掉毛病，努力读书学习！”2北海公园北海公园原是辽、金、元、明、清历代封建帝王的“御花园”。总面积共有68.2公顷。公园的中心-琼岛，周长1,913米，高32.8 米，是1179 年（金代）用挖海的泥土堆成的。岛上白塔建于1651 年，塔高35.9 米。琼岛东北部有“琼岛春阴”碑，为1751 年建立，附近风光秀丽，过去是燕京八景之一。海北岸有“五龙亭”，建于1602 年，是封建皇帝钓鱼和看焰火的地方；“九龙壁” ，建于1756 年，全壁用五彩琉璃瓦砌成，两面各有蟠龙九条，姿态生动，反映了我国劳动人民的创造才能；“铁影壁”, 是元代文物。天坛公园天坛是明、清两代皇帝“祭天祈谷”的地方，建于1420 年，占地面积273 公顷。主要建筑有祈年殿、圜丘、皇穹宇。祈年殿建于1420年，1545年改建为一座镏金宝顶的三重檐圆殿， 1890年重修，1971 年又进行了修整。祈年殿是皇帝祈谷的地方，殿高38 米（包括6米高石座），直径30米，砖木结构，中间没有横梁。皇穹宇建于1503年，著名的“回音壁”、“三音石”就在这里。圜丘建于1530年，是皇帝冬至“祭天”和夏季“祈雨”的地方。圜丘是镶有汉白玉石栏杆的三层石台，站在台面中心说话，声音显得格外宏亮。3. 旧梦重温冰心王一地同志从1957年就当了中国少年儿童出版社的编辑，我们在多次“儿童文学”的聚会中早就认识了。如今，能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。 我必须承认，我的时间和精力似乎越来越少了。一地同志送来的他的部分稿子，我不能仔细地欣赏，但我却充分感觉他的文章的魅力。如海乡风情写出了他对童年生活的眷恋。心上的河流写出了他对于小河流水的深情，这使我忆起我所热爱的无边的大海。他在国内旅游过的地方，除了井冈山以外，都是我没有到过的！如丝绸之路上的阿克苏，青藏公路上的唐古拉、昆仑等，这又使我十分羡慕。这几年来，我因行动不便，整天过着“井蛙”的无聊生活，读了这游记，绚丽生动得如经其境，给了我很大的快乐。他到过的国外地方，我在半个世纪以前就到过了，如伦敦、巴黎、罗马、佛罗伦萨等欧洲城市。虽然时代不同，我想历史古迹总该是依旧吧。如同旧梦重温一般，我回忆起1936年在伦敦的3个星期，在昼夜看不到日、月、星三光的浓雾之中，参观了大英博物馆、敏纳斯特教堂访问了一些英国朋友。使我喜欢的就是在这个国家到处都是绿茵茵的，比解放前的北京看去舒服多一了。提到巴黎，我永远忘不了我在那里逗留的100天。我住在第7区以意大利诗人马利亚希利达命名的一条街的7层楼上（我在关于女人里写的我的房东说的就是我在巴黎那一段生活中的一部分）、因为住处离罗浮宫很近我就整个上午“泡”在罗浮宫里。蒙娜丽莎的画像是悬挂在一条长案的上面，在两根绿色蜡烛的中间。我常常立在这长案旁边，吃我的简单早餐一包巧克力糖！吃过早餐，就出来坐在宫门台阶上，欣赏宫门口那一座大花坛，花坛里栽的是红、黄、白、紫四色分明的盛开的郁金香！意大利是我最喜欢的一个欧洲国家。它是用石头建造起来的：石头的宫殿、教堂，石头的斗兽场，石头的雕像，石头的道路，路边也常有喷泉。罗马是建在七山之上的城市，拥有大小500座教堂，我几乎都去过了。最大的是圣彼得、圣玛利亚、圣约翰和圣保罗。梵蒂冈就是在圣彼得教堂附近，是罗马教皇的宫殿，这是一个“国中之国”！我进去看了，只记得门警是瑞士兵士，穿着黄色制服，别的没有印象了。佛罗伦萨给我留下的，除了美术馆里的雕像和壁画之外，还有一座座府第墙壁上的灯座，每座灯下都有一只拴马的铁环，是聚会或宴客时拴马用的，十分别致！一地同志关于这些地方的描写，由于时代和注意点的不同，使我看到了那些地方的许多其他的侧面，也扩大了我的知识。信笔写来，竟然差不多都是写我自己的回忆，这就说明了这本散文的魅力。我应该说一地同志这本回忆童年和旅游的散文集子，不但是青少年最好的读物，大人们也应当拿来看看。因为这是一本写情真挚、写景鲜明；流畅、健康、引人向上的散文作品。4.祝福（摘录1 )鲁迅她不是鲁镇人。有一年的冬初，四叔家里要换女工，做中人的卫老婆子带她进来了，头上扎着白头绳，乌裙，蓝夹袄，月白背心，年纪大约二十六七，脸色青黄，但两颊却还是红的。卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂，说是自己母家的邻舍，死了当家人，所以出来做工了。四叔皱了皱眉，四婶已经知道了他的意思，是在讨厌她是一个寡妇。但看她模样还周正，手脚都壮大，又只是顺着眼，不开一句口，很像一个安分耐劳的人，便不管四叔的皱眉，将她留下了。试工期内，她整天的做，似乎闲着就无聊，又有力，简直抵得过一个男子，所以第三天就定局，每月工资五百文。大家都叫她样林嫂；没问她姓什么，但中人是卫家山人，既说是邻居，那大概也就姓卫了。她不很爱说话，别人问了才回答，答的也不多。直到十几天之后，这才陆续的知道她家里还有严厉的婆婆；一个小叔子，十多岁，能打柴了；她是春天没了丈夫的；他本来也打柴为生，比她小十岁：大家所知道的就只是这一点。日子很快的过去了，她的做工却毫没有懈，食物不论，力气是不惜的。人们都说鲁四老爷家里雇着了女工，实在比勤快的男人还勤快。到年底，扫尘，洗地，杀鸡，宰鹅，彻夜的煮福礼，全是一人担当，竟没有添短工。然而她反满足，口角边渐渐的有了笑影，脸上也白胖了。（摘录2 )鲁迅“我真傻，真的，”祥林嫂抬起她没有神采的眼睛来，接着说。“我单知道下雪的时候野兽在山墺里没有食吃，会到村里来；我不知道春天也会有。我一清早起来就开了门，拿篮盛了一篮豆，叫我们的阿毛坐在门槛剥豆去。他是很听话的，我的话句句听；他出去了。我就在屋后劈柴，淘米，米下了锅，要蒸豆。我叫阿毛，没有应，出去一看，只见豆撒得一地，没有我们的阿毛了。他是不到别家去玩的；各处去一问，果然没有。我急了