动词的时态和语态.doc

时态和语态【考查要点】在高考中，时态一直是考查的热点，也是广大考生复习备考的难点。在大纲中，要求考生具备较强的语言应用能力，能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态。高考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大，不易把握。大部分吋态题答案的选择取决于题干语境；但也有部分时态试题较易把握，其用法相对固定，常见于特定句式结构中；还有部分常见时态用法特殊。主要考查动词的时态、语态，注重在语境中考查时态的正确使用、主从句时态呼应和固定句式。主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时以及完成进行时。【名师解题指南】考生应熟知常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。高考题往往不会涉及单一的时态语态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和呼应及与语态的结合使用。所以解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间的先后关系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法”(寻找时间标志词)、“呼应法”(主从句时态呼应)、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“语境法”等解题技巧。一慧眼识别标志词 如果题干中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态 例More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 【解析】此题有明显的时间标志词last year,提示我们应该使用一般过去时;句中的主语students是被送的对象,应该使用被动语态答案为B动词的时态一般都有其相应的时间状语,请同学们熟记下列8种常用时态所对应的时间状语 (1)一般现在时:often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等 (2)一般过去时:then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等 (3)现在进行时:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等 (4)过去进行时:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等 (5)现在完成时: recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years, for+一段时间, since + 一点时间等 (6)过去完成时:before, by the end of last month/years等 (7)一般将来时:tomorrow, today, next week/month, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等 (8)过去将来时:the following month, the next week等 高考测试动词时态须与句中时间状语一致时,常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态,是解决此类问题的良策二主从时态须呼应 如果所给题干是主从复合句,可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态命题角度及对策近年来高考考查主从句的时态呼应时,常放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点: (1)在时间条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,用现在完成时表示将来完成时(2)正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境 (3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则:主句动词为现在时,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态;主句动词为过去时,则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时) 三仔细体会语境 近年来高考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化实际化因此,仔细体会所给语境,根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题例：Do you think we should accept that offer? Yes，we should，for we_ such bad luck up till now，and time_ out. A. have had；is running B. had；is running C. have；has been run D. have had；has been run 【解析】 A。由时间标志词up till now知道，动作是从过去延续到现在，所以第一空要用现在完成时；而根据语境可知时间快要耗光了，所以第二空要用进行时表将来。 Can you tell me the timetable of the_school bus? Well, the bus_here for the _campus at 7:00 Am. Awill leave Bleft Cis leaving Dleaves 【解析】 D。考查时态，“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事情，表示一般性动作用一般现在时。 【2011真题】1.(2011全国卷,23) Planing so far ahead no senseso many things will have changed by next year.A.made B.is making C.makes D.has made2.(2011全国卷,24) I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he polite.A.was just being B.will just be C.had just been D.would just be 3.(2011全国卷,29) When Alice came to, she did not know how long she there.A.had been lying B.has been lying C.was lying D.has lain4.(2011全国卷II,9) If you dont like the drink you_just leave it and try a different one. A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered5.（2011北京卷,21）Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted6.（2011北京卷,23）Tom in the library every night over the last three months.A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working7.（2011北京卷,27）That must have been a long trip.Yeah, it us a whole week to get there.A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking8.（2011北京卷,32）Bob has gone to California.Oh, can you tell me when he ?A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave9.（2011天津卷,3）In the last few years thousands of films all over the world.A.have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced10.（2011天津卷,4）On her next birthday, Ann married for twenty years.A.is B.has been C.will be D.will have been11.（2011上海春招,29）Im sure you will do better in the test because you _ so hard this year. A. studiedB. had studiedC. will studyD. have been studying12.（2011上海春招,32）A lot of people often forget that oral exams _ to test our communicative ability. A. designB. are designedC. are designingD. are being designed13.(2011山东卷,31) When I got on the bus, I_I had left my wallet at home.A. was realizingB. realizedC. have realizedD. would realize14.(2011山东卷,35) She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything!A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating15.（2011江苏卷,21）I hear you _ in a pub. whats it like?Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind.A.are workingB.will work C.were working D.will be working16.（2011江苏卷,23）Tommy is planning to buy a car.I know. By next month, he_enough for a used one.A. saves B .savedC.will save D. will have saved17.（2011福建卷,32）Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they from China.A.receive B.are receiving C.have received D.had received18（2011四川卷,32）I didnt ask for the name list. Why _on my desk?I put it there just now in case you need it.A.dose it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed19. (2011浙江卷,15) The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant_in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given20.（2011四川卷,9）All visitors to this village _ with kindness.A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated 21.（2011四川卷,19）What a mistake!Yes. I his doing it another way, but without success.A.was suggesting B.will suggest C.would suggest D.had suggested22.（2011重庆卷,21）That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _the piano upstairs?A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing23.（2011重庆卷,31）Look at the pride on Toms face. He to have been praised by the manager just now.A.seemed B.seems C.had seemed D.is seeming24.（2011陕西卷,12）His first novel good reviews since it came out last month. A.receives B.is receiving C.will receive D.has received25.（2011湖南卷,22）John, what _in your hand? Look! Its a birthday gift for my grandma.A had you held B are you holding C do you hold D will you hold 26.（2011湖南卷,27） In 1492, Columbus_ on one of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.A. lands B. landed C. has landed D.had landed 27.（2011湖南卷,30）It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school.A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended 28.（2011湖南卷,34）In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ by scentists.A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made 29. (2011辽宁卷,28) Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I .A. was doing B. am doing C. have done D. had been doing30.(2011辽宁卷,34) By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college.A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated31.（2011江西卷30）We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _ into the office during the night.A.broke B. had broken C.has broken D.was breaking【2012真题】【2012江西卷】26-Look! Somebody the sofa. -Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.Ais cleaningBwas cleaningChas cleanedDhad cleaned【2012湖南卷】25.Close the door of fear behind you, and you _the door of faith open before you.A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing【2012湖南卷】27. The moment _soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously.A. came B. has come C. was coming D. is coming【2012湖南卷】33. I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?Sorry, I _the piano for years.A. dont play B. wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt played【2012湖南卷】22. Dont worrry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. A. will be repaidB. was being repaidC. has been repaidD. was repaid【2012重庆卷】27. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out【2012重庆卷】22.-kevin,you look worried. Anything wrong? -Well, I_ a test and Im waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take【2012辽宁卷】35.Mum,I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid【2012辽宁卷】33. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he something instead of just talking. A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 【2012辽宁卷】31.I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _to Shanghai.A. will be flying B. will fly C. have been flying D. have flown【2012四川卷】9.Did you catch what I said?学科王Sorry. I _ a text message just now.A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering【2012四川卷】11. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt【2012陕西卷】24.Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? Im sorry, but by then I_ to Beijing. How about five?A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying 【2012北京卷】22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting【2012北京卷】25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _.A. wouldnt B. didnt C. hasnt D. hadnt【2012北京卷】29. Have you heard about that big fire in the market?Yes, frotunately no one _A. Hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt【2012北京卷】30. Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developed B. was developingC. would develop D. developed【2012全国II】18. The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told【2012全国II】14. -Did you ask Sophia for help?-I _ need to I managed perfectly well on my own.A. wouldnt B. dont C. didnt D. wont【2012天津卷】The three of us_around Europe for about a month last summer.A. travelled B. have travelledC. had travelledD. travel【2012天津卷】The letters for the boss_ on his desk but he didnt read them until three later.A. were putB. was putC. putD. has put【2012全国新课程】33. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes.A. swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum【2012全国新课程】23. Life is like walking in the snow, Granny used to say, because every step ”A. has shown B. is showingC. shows D. showed【2012山东卷】34. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _. A. will leaveB. are leaving C. have leftD. were leaving 【2012山东卷】28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 【2012福建卷】24. 一 When did the computer crash?一 This morning, while Ithe reading materials downloaded from some websites.A. have sortedB. was sortingC